Специальность
| Специальность | |
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| Эристалис Тенакс - Лантана Камара | |
Научная классификация 
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| Домен: | Эукариота |
| Королевство: | Животное |
| Филум: | Членистоногие |
| Сорт: | Инсекта |
| Заказ: | Diptera |
| Семья: | Syrphidae |
| Subfamily: | Eristalinae |
| Tribe: | Eristalini |
| Subtribe: | Eristalina |
| Genus: | Eristalis Latreille, 1804 |
| Type species | |
| Musca tenax | |
| Subgenera | |
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| Synonyms[1] | |
Eristalis - это большой род пах , семейства Syrphidae, в порядке Diptera . Несколько видов известны как лехи беспилотниками (или дронов), потому что они имеют сходство с беспилотниками пчела .
Дрон мух и их родственники являются довольно распространенными опылителями генералиста , [ 2 ] Личинки которых являются водными и дышат через длинный, похожий на сноркел , следовательно, общее название личинок с хвостами . [ 1 ] [ 3 ]
Эристалис - это большой род из примерно 99 видов, [ 4 ] и подразделяется на несколько подродов и видовых групп ( Eristalomyia , Eristalis , Eoseristalis и т. Д.).
Научное название и грамматический пол
[ редактировать ]The scientific name was proposed by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. He placed seven species in his new genus, but listed the names as combinations with Syrphus, so it remained unclear what gender he attributed to the name (the gender of the name Syrphus is masculine). In the two centuries following its publication, Eristalis was sometimes considered to be of feminine gender, sometimes to be of masculine gender. George Henry Verrall (1901)[5] assigned its gender as masculine, a choice followed in British literature, and also in Dutch, Polish, Czech, Spanish and Portuguese literature. In several other European languages and in North America, the tradition was to consider it as a feminine word. In 1993 the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature placed the name on the Official List, and gave its gender as masculine, without justification for that choice.[6] In 2004, Peter Chandler, Andrew Wakeham-Dawson and Angus McCullough submitted an application to confirm the gender of Eristalis as feminine.[7] They referred to ICZN Art. 30.1.1, which states that a name in Latin form takes the gender given for that word in standard Latin dictionaries.[8] In Composition of Scientific Words by R.W. Brown (1954), "eristalis" is listed as a feminine word that refers to an unknown precious stone. The request of Chandler et al. was granted less than two years after submission.[9] По состоянию на 2006 год Эристалис официально является словом женского пола.
Identification
[edit]For terms see Morphology of Diptera.
As a true fly, the species of the genus Eristalis have a single pair of wings and a pair of halteres. As a member of the family Syrphidae, Eristalis have a spurious vein in the wing. Defined by Latreille in 1804, Eristlis was restricted by Meigen in 1882 to those species with a sinuate vein R4+5 and petiolate cell r1.[10]
Since the origin of the genus Eristalis, many genera have been added that refine the description of Latreille such as Eristalinus, Meromarcrus, Palpada, Helopilus etc. The subtribe Eristalina has been established to contain these genera. Now is generally accepted as which have vein R2+3 sinuate, cell r1 usually petiolate and metafemur with basolateral setose patch. with the addition of the following criteria: anepimeron with triangular portion bare, katepimeron pilose, meron bare posteroventrally, without pile anterior or ventral to metathoracic spiracle, eye pilose.[citation needed]
Larvae
[edit]The larvae of Eristalini are aquatic and of the long-tailed type. Those of Eristalis are very commonly found breeding in putrid or stagnant water or in moist excrement, and are called “rat-tailed maggots” or “mousies”.[11]
The "tail" is actually an extendable breathing tube often used to extend above the waterline. This tube allows the larvae to live in oxygen-depleted water such as sewage and stagnant pools where most other larvae cannot exist. Rat tailed larvae also exploit wet mud, manure and moist rotting vegetation. Many species of Eristalis remain unknown.[12] Working in areas where larvae are likely to be found (e.g. manure pits, sewage seepage and stagnant pools) is difficult and rearing the larvae to adults is even more so. Basic information on many species of Eristalis remain to be discovered.[citation needed]
Species
[edit] |
- Eristalis abusiva Collin, 1931
- Eristalis agrorum (Wiedemann, 1830)
- Eristalis alleni Thompson, 1997[3] – Paul Allen's flower fly
- Eristalis alpina (Panzer, 1798)
- Eristalis anthophorina (Fallén, 1817) – orange-spotted drone fly[13]
- Eristalis arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758) – European drone fly[13]
- Eristalis barda (Say, 1829)
- Eristalis basilaris Macquart, 1834
- Eristalis bellardii Jaennicke, 1867[3]
- Eristalis bogotensis Macquart, 1842[3]
- Eristalis brousii Williston, 1882 – hourglass drone fly[13]
- Eristalis calida Walker, 1849
- Eristalis cerealis Fabricius, 1805
- Eristalis circe Williston, 1891[3]
- Eristalis corymbus Violovitsh, 1975
- Eristalis croceimaculata Jacobs, 1900[3][14]
- Eristalis cryptarum (Fabricius, 1794) – bog-dwelling drone fly[13]
- Eristalis deserta Violovitsh, 1977
- Eristalis dimidiata (Wiedemann, 1830) – black-shouldered drone fly[13]
- Eristalis dubia Macquart, 1834
- Eristalis fenestrata de Meijere, 1908
- Eristalis flavipes Walker, 1849 – orange-legged drone fly[13]
- Eristalis fraterculus (Zetterstedt, 1838) – black-spotted drone fly[13]
- Eristalis gatesi Thompson, 1997[3] – Bill Gates' flower fly
- Eristalis gomonojunovae Violovitsh, 1977 – Arctic drone fly[13]
- Eristalis hirta Loew, 1866 – black-footed drone fly[13]
- Eristalis horticola (De Geer, 1776)
- Eristalis intricaria (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Eristalis japonica van der Goot, 1964
- Eristalis jugorum Egger, 1858
- Eristalis kamtshatica Violovitsh, 1977
- Eristalis katoi Shiraki, 1968
- Eristalis kyokoae Kimura, 1986
- Eristalis latifrons Zetterstedt, 1843
- Eristalis lunata de Meijere, 1908, 1776
- Eristalis marfax Curran, 1947
- Eristalis nemorum (Linnaeus, 1758) – orange-spined drone fly[13]
- Eristalis obscura (Loew, 1866) – dusty drone fly[13]
- Eristalis oestracea (Linnaeus, 1758) – orange-tailed drone fly[13]
- Eristalis pacifica Violovitsh, 1977
- Eristalis parens Bigot, 1880
- Eristalis pertinax (Scopoli, 1763)
- Eristalis persa Williston, 1891[3]
- Eristalis picea (Fallén, 1817)
- Eristalis precipua Williston, 1888
- Eristalis pseudorupium Kanervo, 1938
- Eristalis rabida Violovitsh, 1977
- Eristalis reflugens Doleschall, 1858
- Eristalis rossica Stackelberg 1958
- Eristalis rupium Fabricius, 1805 – spot-winged drone fly[13]
- Eristalis saphirina Bigot, 1880
- Eristalis saxorum Wiedemann, 1830 – blue-polished drone fly[13]
- Eristalis semicirculus Walker, 1852
- Eristalis similis (Fallén, 1817)
- Eristalis stipator Osten Sacken, 1877[3] – yellow-shouldered drone fly[13]
- Eristalis tammensis Bagatshanova, 1980
- Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus, 1758) – common drone fly[13]
- Eristalis tibetica Violovitsh, 1976
- Eristalis transversa (Wiedemann, 1830) – transverse-banded drone fly[13]
- Eristalis tricolor Bigot, 1880
- Eristalis tundrarum Frey, 1932
- Eristalis vallei (Kanervo, 1934)
- Eristalis vitripennis (Strobl, 1893)
Gallery
[edit]-
Eristalis abusiva female -
Eristalis arbustorum female -
Eristalis horticola male -
Eristalis nemorum female -
Eristalis intricaria male -
Eristalis picea male -
Eristalis pertinax female -
Eristalis tenax male -
Eristalis tenax larva
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b Stubbs, Alan E.; Falk, Steven J (1983). British Hoverflies: An Illustrated Identification Guide (2nd ed.). London: British Entomological and Natural History Society. pp. 253, xvpp. ISBN 1-899935-03-7.
- ^ Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2015). "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers". Plant Biology. 18 (1): 56–62. doi:10.1111/plb.12328. PMID 25754608.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Thompson, F. Christian (1997). "Revision of the Eristalis flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of the Americas south of the United States" (PDF). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 99. Washington D.C.: Entomological Society of Washington: 209–237. ISSN 0013-8797. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
- ^ Thompson, F. Christian (2003). "Austalis, a new genus of flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) with revisionary notes on related genera" (pdf Adobe/Acobat). Zootaxa. 246. New Zealand: Magnolia Press: 1–19. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.246.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. Retrieved 2011-01-28.
- ^ Verrall, G.H. (1901). A list of British Diptera: 22; and, according to Chandler et al., Case 3259 (see there) also in British Flies vol. 8
- ^ ICZN (1993). Opinion 1747. Eristalis Latreille, 1804, Helophilus Fabricius, 1805, Xylota Meigen, 1822 and Eumerus Meigen, 1822 (Insecta; Diptera): conserved. The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 50(3): 256–258
- ^ Chandler, P.J., Wakeham-Dawson, A. & McCullough, A. (2004). Case 3259. Eristalis Latreille, 1804 (Insecta: Diptera): proposed confirmation that the gender is feminine; Musca nemorum Linnaeus, 1758, M. arbustorum Linnaeus, 1758 and M. horticola De Geer, 1776 (currently Eristalis nemorum, E. arbustorum and E. horticola): proposed conservation of usage of the specific names by designation of neotypes. The bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 61(4): 241–244
- ^ International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Art. 30.1.1
- ^ ICZN (2006). Opinion 2153 (Case 3259). Eristalis Latreille, 1804 (Insecta: Diptera): confirmation that the gender is feminine; Musca nemorum Linnaeus, 1758, M. arbustorum Linnaeus, 1758 and M. horticola De Geer, 1776 (currently Eristalis nemorum, E. arbustorum and E. horticola): usage of the specific names conserved by designation of neotypes. The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 63(2): 146–147
- ^ Thompson, F. Christian (1997). "Revision Of The Eristalis Flower Flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) Of The Americas South Of The United States". Entomological Society of Washington. 99.
- ^ Wirth, W.W. (1965). Family Syrphidae. In A Catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. Washington, D.C., U.S.A.: United States Department of Agriculture. pp. 557–625.
- ^ Rotheray, GE (1993). «Цветообразное руководство по личинкам шлюшки (Diptera, Syrphidae) в Британии и Европе» (PDF) . Диперисты перевариваются . Специальное издание.
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в дюймовый и фон глин час я Дж k л м не а п Q. Скевингтон, Джеффри Х.; Локк, Мишель М.; Янг, Эндрю Д.; Моран, Кевин; Кринс, Уильям Дж.; Маршалл, Стивен А. (2019). Полевой гид по цветочным мухам северо -восточной Северной Америки . Принстон. ISBN 9780691189406 .
{{cite book}}: CS1 Maint: местоположение отсутствует издатель ( ссылка ) - ^ Уэйкхэм-Доусон, А.; Джонс, Аг; Томпсон, ФК (2009). «Фолклендские острова Syrphidae (Diptera)». Сптеристы перевариваются . Вторая серия. 16 (1). Великобритания: Dipterists Forum: 65–71. ISSN 0953-7260 .
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