Копко озеро
| Копко озеро | |
|---|---|
 Озеро Копко в 1990 -х годах | |
  Копко озеро | |
| Location | Siskiyou County, California[1] |
| Coordinates | 41°58′46″N 122°18′13″W / 41.97944°N 122.30361°W[1] |
| Type | reservoir |
| Primary inflows | Klamath River, Beaver Creek, Raymond Gulch, Spannaus Gulch, Snackenburg Creek, Milk Creek, Parks Canyon, Indian Creek, |
| Primary outflows | Klamath River[2] |
| Catchment area | 4,300 square miles (11,000 km2)[2] |
| Basin countries | United States |
| Max. length | 3 miles (4.8 km) |
| Max. width | 1,200 yards (1,100 m) |
| Surface area | 1,000 acres (400 ha)[2] |
| Average depth | 77 feet (23 m) |
| Water volume | 77,000 acre-feet (95,000,000 m3)[2] |
| Surface elevation | 2,605 feet (794 m)[1] |
Озеро Копко было искусственным озером на реке Кламат в округе Сискию, штат Калифорния , недалеко от границы с Орегоном . Воды озера были конфискованы плотиной Копко номер 1 , которая была завершена в 1922 году в рамках гидроэлектростанции реки Кламат .
Плотина была нарушена в январе 2024 года как компонент проекта обновления реки Кламат после десятилетий активизма от движения Un-Dam The Klamath . Структура плотины планируется полностью удалить к концу 2024 года.
История
[ редактировать ]Озеро Копко было создано строительством плотины Копко номер 1. Эта плотина была завершена в 1922 году Калифорнийской Орегонской энергетической компанией (Copco). [ 2 ] Копко был объединен в Тихоокеанскую силу и свет в 1961 году и в настоящее время известен как Pacificorp. [ 3 ]
Удаление плотины
[ редактировать ]Copco Number 1 and Number 2 Dams were two of the four dams in the Klamath River Hydroelectric Project which were removed in the 2020s as part of the Klamath River Renewal Project. The social movement to Un-Dam the Klamath had been ongoing for over 20 years.[4][5][6][7][8]
As of February 2016, the states of Oregon and California, the dam owners, federal regulators and other parties had reached an agreement to remove all four dams by the year 2020, pending approval by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).[9] The plan was delayed in 2020 due to conditions placed on the project by FERC.[10] In February 2022, the FERC released their final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on the dam's removal,[11] and the dam was slated for removal in 2024.[12] Copco 2 was demolished in 2023.
On January 23, 2024, the drawdown of water and sediment from Copco Lake was initiated via a detonation at the foot of Copco Number 1 Dam. The lake was expected to take three to four weeks to fully drain, at which point crews will plant native vegetation along the emerged riverbank. This was the final of the four dams to be breached as part of the Klamath River Renewal Project. Removal of the dam structure began in March 2024.[13][14]
Recreation
[edit]The lake was used for kayaking, fishing, swimming, windsurfing, power boating, and sailing. The surrounding area had facilities for picnicking and hiking.[15] In the summer months, the lake often experienced large blooms of toxic cyanobacteria rendering the water unsafe for human contact or consumption.[16]
Dams
[edit]Copco Number 1 Dam
[edit]| Copco Number 1 Dam | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Country | United States |
| Location | Siskiyou County, California |
| Coordinates | 41°58′48″N 122°20′04″W / 41.98000°N 122.33444°W |
| Opening date | 1922 |
| Owner(s) | PacifiCorp |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Gravity |
| Impounds | Klamath River[2] |
| Height | 132 feet (40 m)[2] |
| Length | 415 feet (126 m)[2] |
| Elevation at crest | 2,613 feet (796 m)[2] |
| Width (crest) | 9 feet (2.7 m)[2] |
| Dam volume | 70,312 cubic yards (53,757 m3)[2] |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Copco Reservoir |
| Total capacity | 77,000 acre-feet (95,000,000 m3)[2] |
| Catchment area | 4,300 square miles (11,000 km2)[2] |
| Maximum length | 3 miles (4.8 km) |
| Maximum width | 1,200 yards (1,100 m) |
Copco Number 1 Dam (National ID CA00323) is a gravity dam 415 feet (126 m) long and 132 feet (40 m) high, with 19.5 feet (5.9 m) of freeboard. PacifiCorp owned the dam prior to its transfer to the Klamath River Renewal Corporation in 2022.[17] The dam is scheduled to be demolished in 2024 as part of the Klamath River Renewal Project.[18]
Copco Number 2 Dam
[edit]Copco Number 2 Dam was a gated diversion dam located just below Dam No. 1. The dam diverted most of the flow of the river, about 2,400 to 2,500 cu ft/s (68 to 71 m3/s), through a flume and tunnels to a 27 megawatt powerhouse 1.5 miles (2.4 km) downstream, on the upstream end of Iron Gate Reservoir. The diversion bypassed a canyon section of the Klamath River that historically consisted of some steep rapids. The dam was required to maintain a minimum release of 10 cu ft/s (0.28 m3/s) to prevent this stretch from being entirely dewatered. Because it had no effective storage capacity, Dam No. 2 depended entirely on the regulated flows released from Copco Lake.[19] The dam was demolished in 2023 during the Klamath River Renewal Project.[20]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Copco Lake". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Dams Within the Jurisdiction of the State of California (A-G)" (PDF). California Department of Water Resources, Division of Safety of Dams. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
- ^ "California Oregon Power Company or COPCO" (PDF). Retrieved December 21, 2012.
- ^ Hartel, Diana (25 May 2011). "Doctor's Orders: Undam the Klamath". High Country News. Archived from the original on 2011-05-18.
- ^ "Dams Are Threatening California Salmon and a Native Tribe's Culture". VICE News. 22 October 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-10-23.
- ^ "Klamath River Dam and Sediment Investigation" (PDF). Gathard Engineering Consulting. November 2006. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
- ^ Fimrite, Peter (September 30, 2009). "Deal to raze 4 Klamath dams". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
- ^ Aschbrenner, Joel (Mar 8, 2012). "Copco Lake: Homeowners worry as property values drop". Herald and News. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
- ^ "New plan to remove Klamath River dams without help from Congress". 3 February 2016.
- ^ "Agency throws curveball in largest US dam demolition plan along Oregon border". The Associated Press. Jul 17, 2020. Retrieved 20 Jul 2020.
- ^ "FERC Staff Issues the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Hydropower License Surrender and Decommissioning of the Lower Klamath Project No. 14803 (P-14803-001)". www.ferc.gov. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
- ^ "Major hurdle cleared in plan to demolish 4 Klamath River dams". opb. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
- ^ Neumann, Erik (24 January 2024). "Fourth dam breached on the Klamath River". opb. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
- ^ https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2024/05/12/demolition-starts-iron-gate-dam-klamath-river-dams/73647405007/ [bare URL]
- ^ "Copco lake - Kayaking". Retrieved December 21, 2012.
- ^ "Trying to Tame the Klamath River Filled It with Toxic Algae". Scientific American. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
- ^ https://klamathrenewal.org/ferc-approves-license-surrender-and-decommissioning-of-the-lower-klamath-project-dams/ [bare URL]
- ^ "WORld's LARGEST SALMON RESTORATION PROJECT UNDERWAY – Klamath River Renewal".
- ^ "Copco No. 2: The dam produces power but no irrigation water". 16 February 2012.
- ^ "Work on Copco No. 2 Dam Removal Comes to a Close – Klamath River Renewal".
External links
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