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Список афроамериканских газет в Техасе

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Первая страница прессы свободного человека с 1 августа 1868 года.
Front page of The Dallas Express from January 11, 1919, celebrating the award of military honors to soldiers of the 92nd Infantry Division.

Это список афроамериканских газет , которые были опубликованы в Техасе . Он включает в себя как текущие, так и исторические газеты. История таких газет в Техасе начинается вскоре после гражданской войны с публикации прессы свободного человека в 1868 году. [ 1 ]

Сегодня в Техасе публикуются многие афроамериканские газеты, в том числе три только в Хьюстоне. [ 2 ] Эти текущие газеты выделены зеленым в списке ниже.

Газеты

[ редактировать ]
City Title Beginning End Frequency Call numbers Remarks
Austin Capital City Argus[3] /
Capital City Argus and Interracial Review[4]		 1962[4] 1980s[3] Weekly[4]
  • LCCN sn86088242, sn87090674, sn87091252
  • OCLC 17188802, 13895357, 16543454
  • Published by Arthur Sims.[4]
Austin[6] / Galveston[5] The Free Man's Press[5] /
The Freedman's Press[6]		 1868[5] 1868[5] Weekly[5]
  • Free online archive
  • Edited by Melving C. Keith.[7]
  • Published from July to October 1868. Final issue published in Galveston.[8]
Austin The Gold Dollar 1876[10] ? [9] Unknown[9]
  • Published by Jacob Fontaine.[9]
Austin The Herald[12] /
The Sunday School Herald[11]		 1891[12] 1892[11] Weekly[12]
  • Published by the Education Board of the General Baptist Convention of Texas.[12]
  • Editors included L.L. Campbell and M.M. Haynes.[12]
  • Attested through at least 1917.[12]
Austin The Illustrated News 1923[13] ? [13] Weekly[13]
  • Edited by W.I. Solomon.[13]
Austin Austin Informer 1905[14] 1900s[14] [14]
Austin Austin Mirror[16] /
The Austin Mirror[15]		 1958[16] 1900s[15] Weekly[16]
  • Published by Walter McBride. Edited by Dora H. Moore.[16]
Austin Nokoa : The Observer 1987[18] 2019[17] Weekly[18]
Austin Austin Searchlight 1896?[19] ? [19] Weekly[19]
Austin Austin Sun 1992[20] [20] Weekly[20]
  • Published by Dorris Ellis.[20]
Austin[21] / Waco[22] Texas Interracial Review[21] /
The Texas Interracial Review[22]		 1941[21] or 1940[22] 1962[21] Monthly[21] or twice monthly[22]
  • Published by Mason Smith.[21]
  • Merged with Capital City Argus to form the Capital City Argus and Interracial Review.[22]
Austin The Tribune[24] /
Tribune[23]		 1970[23] ? [23] Weekly[23]
  • Attested through at least 1979.[23]
Austin The Villager 1973[25] current Weekly[25]
Austin The Weekly Bulletin ?[26] 1900s[26] Weekly[27]
  • Attested from at least 1906.[26]
  • Published by Bulletin Pub. Co.[26]
Beaumont Beaumont Informer 1934[28] ? [28] Weekly[28]
Beaumont The Industrial Era 1904?[29] ? [29] Weekly[29]
Bryan Silhouette 1900s[30] ?[30] Bimonthly newspaper[30]
Corpus Christi Corpus Christi Weekly 1960?[27] ? [27] Weekly[27]
  • Edited by Reynell Parkins.[27]
Corsicana Oil City Afro-American 1898[31] 1901[31] Weekly[31]
Dallas The African Herald 1992[32] ? Monthly newspaper[32]
Dallas Dallas Community Leader 1987[33] ? [33] Biweekly[33]
  • Published by Valerie Ballard.[33]
  • Attested through at least 1990.[33]
Dallas Elite News 1968?[34] [34] Biweekly[34]
  • Published by William Blair Jr.[34]
Dallas The Dallas Express 1893[35] 1970[35] Weekly[35]
Dallas Dallas Gazette 1913?[36] ? [36] Weekly[36]
  • Published by J.H. Owens and Company.[36]
  • Attested through at least 1938.[37]
Dallas In Sepia 1959?[38] ? [38] Weekly[38]
  • Published by Davis and Associates.[38]
Dallas Dallas Independent Press 1969[39] ? [39] Weekly[39]
  • Published by R.R. Fagan. Edited by Don L. Fagan.[39]
Dallas The Item 1891[40] 1900[40] Weekly[40]
  • Published by J.G. Griffin and Ellis Willis.[40]
Dallas The Key News 1962[41] ? [41] Weekly[41]
  • Published and edited by Al Smith.[41]
Dallas The Link 1985[42] ? [42] Weekly[42] or monthly[43]
Dallas The Metroplex News 1977[44] ? [44] Weekly[44]
  • Published by R.G. Stinson and Son.[44]
Dallas North Dallas Community News 1987?[45] ? [45] Weekly[45]
  • Published by Rick Grant.[45]
Dallas Dallas Post Tribune[46] /
The Dallas Post Tribune[47] /
The Dallas Star Post[48] /
The Post Tribune[49]		 1950[46] current Weekly[46]
Dallas The Pythias and Calanthean Review 1979?[50] ? [50] Quarterly newspaper[50]
Dallas St. Paul United Methodist 1971?[51] ? [51] Weekly[51]
  • Edited by Spurgeon M. Dunnan III.[51]
Dallas Texas Community Leader 1991?[52] [52] Weekly[52]
  • Published by Valerie Ballard.[52]
Dallas The Times Review 1968?[53] ? [53] Unknown[53]
Dallas The Dallas Weekly 1954[54] current Weekly[54]
Denison The Gate City Bulletin 1913?[55] ? [55] Weekly[55]
  • Published by Owens Publishing Co.[55]
Fort Worth The Texas Times 1977[56] 1993[56] Daily[56]
  • Published by Woodie Webber.[56]
Fort Worth Bronze Texan News 1900s[57] 1900s[57]
  • Attested from at least 1968–1969.[57]
Fort Worth Fort Worth Como Monitor 1941?[58] ? [58] Monthly newspaper[58]
  • Published by Raymond Hart.[58]
Fort Worth Dallas District Crusader 1900s[59] 1900s[59] Weekly[59]
Fort Worth Ebony Mart 1970s[60] ?[60] Weekly[60]
Fort Worth Fort Worth Mind 1900s[61] 1900s[61] Weekly[61]
  • Attested from at least 1943–1944.[61]
Fort Worth The Torchlight Appeal 1886[62] 1800s[62] Weekly[62]
Fort Worth USA Monitor 1990[64] or 1992[63] ?[63] Monthly newspaper[64]
  • Published by Earl L. Burrell.[64]
Galveston The Galveston Banner 1925?[65] 1937? [65] Weekly[65]
Galveston City Times 1898?[66] 1927? [66] Weekly[66]
  • Edited by William H. Noble, Jr.[66]
Galveston The Colored American[68] /
The Colored American: A Defender of the Race[67]		 1920[67] ? [67] Weekly[67]
Galveston Galveston Examiner 1938[70] 1940[69] Weekly[70]
Galveston Freeman’s Journal[71] /
The Freeman’s Press[72]		 1887[71] 1891[71] Weekly[71]
Galveston Galveston Guide 1937[73] ? [73] Weekly[73]
Galveston The Informer (Galveston Edition) 1918[74] 1937? [74] Biweekly[74]
Galveston Galveston Informer 1939[75] ? [75] Unknown[75]
Galveston The Galveston New Idea 1896[77] 1920[76] Weekly[76]
Galveston Taborian Banner 1905[78] ? [78] Monthly[78]
  • Published by W. Hartley Jackson.[78]
Galveston The Galveston Voice 1931[79] 1962? [79] Weekly[79]
  • Published by C. W. Rice.[79]
Gonzales The Conservative Counselor 1909[80] 1900s[80] Weekly[81]
  • "Official organ of the Mt. Zion Sunday School Convention."[80]
Houston African-American News and Issues 1996[2] current Weekly[82]
  • Weekly circulation of 113,000.[82]
Houston The Houston Call 1970[83] ?[83] Weekly[83]
Houston The Call 1919?[84] ? [84] Weekly[84]
  • Published by C.A. Franklin.[84]
Houston Houston Defender 1930[85] current Weekly[85]
Houston The Texas Examiner 1942[86] 1900s[86] Weekly[86]
  • Attested through at least 1946.[86]
Houston Forward Times[87] /
Houston Forward Times[88]		 1960[88] current Weekly[88]
Houston Freedmen's Journal 1983[89] ? Monthly newspaper[89]
Houston The Independent 1898[90] 1905[90] Weekly[90]
  • Published by Crawford and Osborne.[90]
Houston Informer and Texas Freeman[91] /
The Houston Informer[92] /
The Informer[93]		 1919[91] ? Weekly[91]
  • Published and edited by George McElroy.[91]
Houston Metropolitan 1961[94] 1900s[94]
Houston The Negro Labor News 1930[95] ?[95] Weekly[95]
  • Official organ of the Texas Negro Business and Laboring Men's Association.[95]
Houston Houston Newspages 1986[96] ? Weekly[96]
  • Published by Francis Page Sr. Edited by Diana Fallis.[96]
Houston The Odd Fellow Budget 1920?[97] ? [97] Monthly newspaper[97]
Houston Old Ironsides' Monthly 1947[99] ? [98] Monthly newspaper[98]
Houston Texas State University Herald 1947[100] ?[100] Monthly newspaper[100]
Houston The Houston Sun 1982[102] current[101] Weekly[102]
Houston USAfrica Weekend 1997[103] ? Monthly newspaper[103]
  • Published by Chido Nwangwu.[103]
  • Billed as “The social diary of the African, Caribbean, African American & American communities.”[103]
Houston The Voice Of Hope[105] /
Voice of Hope[104]		 1968?[104] 1975? [104] Weekly[104]
Houston The Western Star 1881[107] or 1893[106] 1932[106] Weekly[107]
Longview The New Southern Times 1996[108] ? Biweekly[108]
  • Published and edited by Mitch Mitchell.[108]
Lubbock Lubbock Digest 1977[109] 1982[109] Biweekly[109]
Lubbock The Manhattan Heights And West Texas Times / The Manhattan Heights Times 1961[111] 1960s[110] Weekly[110]
  • Became The Manhattan Heights and West Texas Times in 1965.[111]
Lubbock[113] West Texas Times 1962?[112] ? [112] Weekly[112]
Lubbock Southwest Digest 1982[114] current[114] Weekly[114]
Prairie View Prairie View City News 1969?[115] ? [115] Biweekly[115]
  • Published and edited by F.G. Fry.[115]
Prairie View The Tribune Review 1996?[116] ? Biweekly[116]
Prairie View Waller County Tribune 1989[117] ? [117] Biweekly[117]
  • Published and edited by Dewayne Charlston.[117]
Richardson African News Watch 1996[118] [118] Monthly[118]
  • Edited by Donald Ugwu.[118]
San Antonio Hephzibah-Herald 1920?[119] ? [119] Weekly[119]
San Antonio San Antonio Informer 1988[120] or 1944[121] ? Weekly[120]
  • Published and edited by Tommy L. Moore.[120]
San Antonio San Antonio Inquirer[122] 1906[122] ? [122] Weekly[122]
  • Published by G.W. Bouldin.[122]
San Antonio The People’s Eye Opener 1926?[123] ? [123] Weekly[123]
San Antonio Snap 1990?[124] ? [124] Unknown[124]
  • Published by Eugene E. Coleman. Edited by Margie Randle Bailey.[124]
Taylor Shining Star 1959[125] ? [125] Weekly[125]
  • Published by Cabins Publishing Company. Edited by Mrs Joe Callins.[125]
Temple The Apostolic Bulletin 1918[126] ?[126] [126]
Texarkana Texarcana Courier 1977?[127] ? [127] Weekly[127]
  • Published by Elridge Robertson. Edited by Ivy Jeanne Steele. [127]
Tyler The Tyler Leader 1900s[128] ?[128] Weekly[128]
Waco Cen-Tex Reflections 1984[129] ?[129] Weekly[129]
Waco Waco Good News 1880[130] ?[130] Weekly[130]
Waco The Helping Hand ?[131] ?[131] Monthly newspaper[131]
Waco The Waco Messenger 1932[132] ?[132] Weekly[132]
Waco Paul Quinn Weekly 1900[133] 1916[133] Weekly[133]
  • Published by Paul Quinn College.[133]
Washington Prince Hall Masonic Digest 1973?[134] ? [134] Quarterly[134]

See also

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Works cited

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ Smith 2012, p. 409.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b James L. Conyers (2019-02-28). "Can we continue beyond Black History Month?". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2020-02-03.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b "About The capital city argus. (Austin, Tex.) 1971-198?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 134, ¶ 1387.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Danky & Hady 1998, p. 237, ¶ 2481.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b "About The freedman's press. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1868-1868". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  7. ^ Smallwood 1983, p. 357.
  8. ^ Smallwood 1983, p. 358.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 250, ¶ 2626.
  10. ^ "About The gold dollar. [microfilm reel] (Austin, Tex.) 1876-1???". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b "About The Sunday school herald. (Austin, Tex.) 18??-1892". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Danky & Hady 1998, p. 274, ¶ 2875.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 291, ¶ 3058.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b c "About Austin informer. (Austin, Tex.) 1905-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b "About The Austin mirror. (Austin, Tex.) 1958-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 56, ¶ 568.
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b Nancy Flores. "Newspaper publisher, Austin activist Akwasi Evans dies". Austin American-Statesman. Retrieved 2020-02-03. Akwasi Roselle Evans, who founded the Nokoa The Observer newspaper and covered issues like police misconduct and community empowerment for more than 30 years, died in his Austin home at the age of 70.
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b "About Nokoa : the observer. (Austin, Tex.) 1987-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 56, ¶ 569.
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 56, ¶ 570.
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Danky & Hady 1998, p. 558, ¶ 5823.
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "About The Texas interracial review. (Waco, Tex.) 1940-1969". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  23. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Danky & Hady 1998, p. 567, ¶ 5921.
  24. ^ "About The tribune. (Austin, Tex.) 1970-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 590, ¶ 6173.
  26. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "About The Weekly bulletin. (Austin, Tex.) 1???-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  27. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Danky & Hady 1998, p. 177, ¶ 1840.
  28. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 65, ¶ 665.
  29. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 295, ¶ 3106.
  30. ^ Jump up to: a b c "About Silhouette. (Bryan, Tex.) 19??-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  31. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 440, ¶ 4586.
  32. ^ Jump up to: a b "About The African herald. (Dallas, Tex.) 1992-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  33. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Danky & Hady 1998, p. 184, ¶ 1917.
  34. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 209, ¶ 2185.
  35. ^ Jump up to: a b c "About The Dallas express. [online resource] (Dallas, Tex.) 1893-1970". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  36. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 185, ¶ 1920.
  37. ^ "About The Dallas gazette. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 19??-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  38. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 293, ¶ 3081.
  39. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 185, ¶ 1921.
  40. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 307, ¶ 3233.
  41. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 327, ¶ 3416.
  42. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 343, ¶ 3593.
  43. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 361, ¶ 3776.
  44. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 429, ¶ 4465.
  45. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 185, ¶ 1922.
  46. ^ "About The Dallas post tribune. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1975-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  47. ^ "About The Dallas star post. [volume] (Dallas [Tex.]) 1950-196?". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  48. ^ "About The post tribune. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 196?-1975". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  49. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 479, ¶ 4992.
  50. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 539, ¶ 5620.
  51. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 557, ¶ 5820.
  52. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 561, ¶ 5863.
  53. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 185, ¶ 1925.
  54. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 246, ¶ 2586.
  55. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 558, ¶ 5828.
  56. ^ Jump up to: a b c "About Bronze Texan news. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 19??-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  57. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 234, ¶ 2448.
  58. ^ Jump up to: a b c "About Dallas district crusader. [online resource] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 19??-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  59. ^ Jump up to: a b c "About Ebony mart. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 197?-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  60. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "About Fort Worth Mind. [online resource] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 19??-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  61. ^ Jump up to: a b c "About The Torchlight appeal. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1886-18??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  62. ^ Jump up to: a b "About USA monitor. [volume] (Fort Worth, Texas) 1992-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  63. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 587, ¶ 6136.
  64. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 245, ¶ 2573.
  65. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 155, ¶ 1610.
  66. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 161, ¶ 1676.
  67. ^ "About The Colored American. [volume] (Galveston Tex.) 1920-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  68. ^ "About Galveston examiner. [volume] (Galveston, Tex.) 1938-1940". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  69. ^ Jump up to: a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 245, ¶ 2574.
  70. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 241, ¶ 2523.
  71. ^ Danky & Hady 1998, p. 241, ¶ 2525.
  72. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 245, ¶ 2575.
  73. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 297, ¶ 3132.
  74. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 245, ¶ 2576.
  75. ^ Jump up to: a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 245, ¶ 2577.
  76. ^ "About The Galveston new idea. [volume] (Galveston, Tex.) 1896-1???". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  77. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 551, ¶ 5753.
  78. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 246, ¶ 2579.
  79. ^ Jump up to: a b c "About The conservative counselor. (Gonzales, Tex.) 1909-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  80. ^ Danky & Hady 1998, p. 173, ¶ 1797.
  81. ^ Jump up to: a b AFRAMNEWS (2020). "AFRAM-20-Media-Kit.pdf" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-02-03.
  82. ^ Jump up to: a b c "About The Houston call. (Houston, Tex.) 1970-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  83. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 129, ¶ 1345.
  84. ^ Jump up to: a b "About Houston defender. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1930-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  85. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "About The Texas examiner. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1942-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  86. ^ "About Forward times. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1960-1977". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  87. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 281, ¶ 2952.
  88. ^ Jump up to: a b "About Freedmen's journal. ([Houston, Tex.]) 1983-current". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  89. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 294, ¶ 3096.
  90. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 297, ¶ 3131.
  91. ^ "About The Houston informer. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 194?-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  92. ^ "About The informer. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1934-1941". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  93. ^ Jump up to: a b "About Metropolitan. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1961-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  94. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "About The Negro labor news. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1930-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  95. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 281, ¶ 2953.
  96. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 438, ¶ 4565.
  97. ^ Jump up to: a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 441, ¶ 4596.
  98. ^ "About Old ironsides' monthly. [volume] (Houston, Tex.) 1947-????". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  99. ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный в "О Техасском государственном университете Herald. (Хьюстон, Техас.) 1947-????" Полем Хроника Америки . Библиотека Конгресса . Получено 2020-02-02 .
  100. ^ «О Хьюстонском солнце. (Хьюстон, Техас.) 198? -Current» . Хроника Америки . Библиотека Конгресса . Получено 2020-02-02 .
  101. ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный Danky & Hady 1998 , p.
  102. ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный в дюймовый Danky & Hady 1998 , p.
  103. ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный в дюймовый Danky & Hady 1998 , p.
  104. ^ "О голосе надежды. [Том] (Хьюстон, Техас.) 196?-????" Полем Хроника Америки . Библиотека Конгресса . Получено 2020-02-02 .
  105. ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный Danky & Hady 1998 , p.
  106. ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный "О западной звезде. (Хьюстон, Техас.) 1881-19 ??» Полем Хроника Америки . Библиотека Конгресса . Получено 2020-02-02 .
  107. ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный в Danky & Hady 1998 , p.
  108. ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный в «О Lubbock Digest. [Том] (Lubbock, Tex.) 1977-1982» . Хроника Америки . Библиотека Конгресса . Получено 2020-02-02 .
  109. ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный «О манхэттен-высотах и ​​West Texas Times. [Том] (Lubbock, Tex.) 1965-196?» Полем Хроника Америки . Библиотека Конгресса . Получено 2020-02-02 .
  110. ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный «О манхэттенском времени . Хроника Америки . Библиотека Конгресса . Получено 2020-02-02 .
  111. ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный в Danky & Hady 1998 , p.
  112. ^ "О West Texas Times. [Том] (Lubbock, Tex.) 196?-????" Полем Хроника Америки . Библиотека Конгресса . Получено 2020-02-02 .
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List of African American newspapers in Texas - Wikipedia
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