Дуная мрачный
| Дуная мрачный | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Leuciscinae |
| Genus: | Alburnus |
| Species: | A. chalcoides
|
| Binomial name | |
| Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt, 1772)
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Danue Danue Mark или Caspian Shemaya ( Alburnus Chalcoides ) - это вид пресной рыбы в семействе Cyprinidae . It is found in Iran , Ukraine , Georgia , Armenia , Slovakia , Moldova , Greece , Czechia , Azerbaijan , Turkiye , Afghanistan , Austria , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Bulgaria , Croatia , Switzerland , Germany , Hungary , Italy , Romania , Russia , Serbia , Словения , [ 2 ] Туркменистан и Узбекистан . [ 3 ]
Описание
[ редактировать ]Danue Bleak - это удлиненная тонкая рыба, которая может достигать 40 сантиметров (16 дюймов), но более нормальный размер составляет от 15 до 30 сантиметров (от 6 до 12 дюймов). Вдоль боковой линии составляют от 57 до 70 шкал. Брюшной полость сжимается в киль, а задний конец этого не имеет масштабов. Спинной плавник имеет от восемь -девять разветвленных лучей, в то время как анальный плавник имеет пятнадцать до девятнадцати лет. [ 4 ] Эта рыба морфологически довольно изменчива, что может быть связано с местными адаптациями к различным местам обитания, но с большей вероятностью связана с тем, что несколько видов участвуют. [ 5 ] [ 1 ]
Distribution
[edit]The Danube bleak occurs in slow flowing stretches of rivers flowing into the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and in the Aral Sea basin, in Alpine rivers among others.[6] It is a migratory fish, spawning in the headwaters of the rivers and then moving down to the lower parts, estuaries and brackish areas of sea. These migratory patterns have been disrupted by the building of dams across many of the rivers.[7] Landlocked populations survive in small rivers and reservoirs, breeding in the small streams above the dams. The main Caspian Sea population has found ways of spawning below the dams. Overfishing and pollution in the Caspian Sea could impact on the Danube bleak but in 2008 the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species listed it as being of "Least concern".[4][7]
Biology
[edit]The Danube bleak feeds on small crustaceans, worms, molluscs, insect larvae, insects and small fish.[4][5]
Male Danube bleaks assemble in May to July at spawning sites in fast flowing streams with gravel bottoms. The females arrive later and deposit about twenty thousand eggs which stick to stones and gravel. These hatch after two or three days and the larvae stay among the gravel for another ten days before moving to backwaters and shallows where they feed on zooplankton, insect larvae and algae. The juvenile fish migrate down stream in the autumn or the spring of the following year. They may become mature in four to five years.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b Freyhof, J.; Kottelat, M. (2008). "Alburnus chalcoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T135499A4133441. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135499A4133441.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ Povž, Meta. "Invasive Freshwater Species in Slovenia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-06. Retrieved 2009-10-10.
- ^ "Country List - Alburnus chalcoides". fishbase.mnhn.fr. Retrieved 2023-01-12.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Maitland, Peter S. (2000). Freshwater Fish of Britain and Europe. Octopus Publishing Group. p. 104. ISBN 0-600-59690-7.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Froese, Rainer (2012). "Danube bleak - Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt, 1772)". FishBase. Retrieved 2012-09-01.
- ^ White waters of the Alps, video by Free High-Quality Documentaries on Utube.com. Danuble bleak: 3'45-5'31.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Freyhof, J.; Kottelat, M. (2008). "Alburnus chalcoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T135499A4133441. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135499A4133441.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.