Студия
StudioteaTret был театром в Норвегии . Он открылся в 1945 году, вскоре после освобождения , с Класом Гиллом в качестве своего первого театрального режиссера. [ 1 ] StudioteaTret считается одним из самых ранних послевоенных художественных выражений в Норвегии, и большинство его членов позже сыграли важную роль в норвежском театре. [ 2 ] StudioteaTret закрылся 25 октября 1950 года из -за экономических трудностей, и ее члены были распространены на различные другие театры. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Фон
[ редактировать ]Во время немецкой оккупации театры в Норвегии подвергались процессу нацирования немецкими жильцами и нацистским правительством сотрудничества. Нацисты основали школу под названием «Statens Teaterkole» и потребовали, чтобы она была обязательной для всех, кто хотел работать в театре. Школа была в значительной степени бойкотирована учениками. [ 2 ] Когда нацистское правительство взяло под контроль кинотеатры, арестовав устойчивых членов правления и вставив сторонников ведущих ролей, театры испытали общий бойкот от общественности. [ 4 ] Когда Генри Гледш , директор театра в Trøndelag Teater в Тронхейме, был застрелен во время военного положения в октябре 1942 года , [ 5 ] Актеры в различных кинотеатрах, таких как Национальный театр , инициировали молчаливую оппозицию, которая принимала различные формы. [ 4 ]
Станиславская группа
[ редактировать ]A group of actors and students in Oslo started underground meetings where they secretly studied Stanislavski's system, named after the Russian actor and theatre director Constantin Stanislavski's theories of theatre. These meetings, often held in Jens Bolling's apartment, were potentially dangerous for the participants, as the Nazi authorities did not tolerate competition. The result of these undercover meetings was the founding of the theatre Studioteatret in 1945.[3] Among the members of the group were the actors Jens Bolling,[6] Liv Strømsted[7] and Per Gjersøe from the National Theatre, and Gunnar Olram from Centralteatret.[3] Other members of the group were Arne Thomas Olsen, Julia Back, Beth Borgen, Ingrid Bothner, Edel Eckblad, Johannes Eckhoff, Lisa Thams Jørgensen, Anne-Cath Schulerud, Sverre Hansen, Merete Skavlan and Per Sunderland. Claes Gill was a literary consultant and inspirator for the group.[3]
Initial reception
[edit]Following the liberation in May 1945, the group prepared a performance held 15 June 1945, when they presented two one-acters. They called themselves "Studioteatret". The first productions were adaptions of Thornton Wilder's The Long Christmas Dinner (Norwegian: Den lange julemiddagen), and Eugene O'Neill's Where the Cross Is Made (Norwegian: Mary Allen). Several government ministers were present at the premiere, along with chief editors and theatre critics from most of the Oslo newspapers, and the reception was overwhelming.[3]
Later repertoire
[edit]
Studioteatret existed from 1945 to 1950. Its first theatre director was Claes Gill. Their production in 1946 of Wilder's play Our Town, translated by Claes Gill, was a great success.[2] Among the theatre's other productions in 1946 were adaptions of Anton Chekhov's A Marriage Proposal, Chekhov's The Wedding, and William Saroyan's The Beautiful People. 1947 included The Beggar's Opera and The Respectful Prostitute.[3]
Studioteatret performed at Søilen Teater and later at the Carl Johan Theater, and its repertoire consisted of plays by playwrights such as Anton Chekhov, Bertolt Brecht, Eugene O'Neill, Shakespeare, Thornton Wilder, Arthur Miller and Jean-Paul Sartre. Later theatre directors were Gunnar Olram and Ole Oppen.[1] In 1950 the theatre had to close, due to economic difficulties.[2][3]
Impact
[edit]Most of the members of Studioteatret later had central roles in Norwegian theatre. Claes Gill, Arne Thomas Olsen, Jens Bolling and Merete Skavlan were all later theatre directors. Others worked as stage producers and actors. The Norwegian National Academy of Theatre, established in 1953 and headed by Arne Thomas Olsen the next ten years, was heavily influenced by the group's working practice. The emerging new theatre institutions, such as Rogaland Teater (established in 1947), Riksteatret (established in 1948) and Fjernsynsteatret (opened in 1960), were influenced by members of the group.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b "Studioteatret". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. 2007. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Lyche, Lise (1991). Norges teaterhistorie (in Norwegian). Asker: Tell Forlag. pp. 198–202.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Olsen, Arne Thomas; Else Martinsen (1995). Studioteatret. Frihet og fornyelse (in Norwegian). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 82-00-22366-3.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Rønneberg, Anton (1949). Nationaltheatret gjennom femti år (in Norwegian). Oslo: Gyldendal. pp. 389–406.
- ^ Ringdal, Nils Johan (1995). "Gleditsch, Henry". In Dahl; Hjeltnes; Nøkleby; Ringdal; Sørensen (eds.). Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-45 (in Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen. p. 400. ISBN 82-02-14138-9. Archived from the original on 5 January 2010. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ Lyche, Lise. "Jens Bolling". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ Mürer, Annette. "Liv Dommersnes". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
