Elaeocarpus stipularis
| Elaeocarpus stipularis | |
|---|---|
Научная классификация 
| |
| Королевство: | Plantae |
| Клада : | Трахеофиты |
| Клада : | Покрытосеменные |
| Клада : | Eudicots |
| Клада : | Розидс |
| Заказ: | Oxalidales |
| Семья: | Elaeocarpaceae |
| Род: | Elaeocarpus |
| Разновидность: | E. stipularis
|
| Биномиальное название | |
| Elaeocarpus stipularis | |
| Синонимы [ 2 ] | |
Elaeocarpus stipularis - это дерево в семействе Elaeocarpaceae . Он встречается с островов Ару , Восточной Индонезии, на Филиппинах и через материковую юго -восточную Азию в Одишу, Индия. У него есть съедобные фрукты, его древесина используется, и некоторые медицинские применения приписываются ему.
Описание
[ редактировать ]Вечнозеленое дерево 10-20 м высотой имеет простые широкие листья. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Его плотность дерева составляет 0,46 г/см. 3 Это фрукты с ноября по май в Селангоре , Малайзия [ 5 ]
Инфраспецифики
[ редактировать ]Следующие разновидности принимаются: [ 2 ]
- Elaeocarpus stipularis var. Айоликола Куд
- Elaeocarpus stipularis var. Atjehensis Coode
- Elaeocarpus stipularis var. Brevlpes ( Merr. ) Coode
- Elaeocarpus stipularis var. Кастанус (Merr.) Coode
- Elaeocarpus stipularis var. Longipetiolatus (Merr.) Coode
- Elaeocarpus stipularis var. nutans (R.Knuth) Coode
- Elaeocarpus stipularis var. rejangensis (R.Knuth) Coode
- Elaeocarpus stipularis var. siamensis (Craib) Coode
Some of these varieties are synonymous with formerly accepted species:
- variety brevipes has the synonyms: Elaeocarpus baramensis Knuth; Elaeocarpus brevipes Merr.[6]
- variety castaneus has the synonyms: Elaeocarpus castaneus Merr.; Elaeocarpus gambir Becc.[7]
- variety longipetiolatus has the synonym Elaeocarpus longipetiolatus Merr.[8]
- variety nutans has the synonym Elaeocarpus nutans Knuth.[9]
- variety rejangensis has the synonym Elaeocarpus rejangensis Knuth.[10]
- variety siamensis has the synonyms: Elaeocarpus siamensis Craib; Elaeocarpus wallichii Kurz.[11]
Distribution
[edit]The species is found from northwestern islands of the Sahul/Australian continent, across southern Wallacea and throughout Southeast Asia:[2][12] Indonesia (Aru Islands, southern Maluku, East and West Nusa Tenggara, Bali, Jawa, Sumatera, Kalimantan), Timor Leste, Singapore, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, the Philippines (Mindanao including Bangsamoro and Mimaropa), Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and India (Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, Odisha).
The varieties alticola and atjehensis are found in Sumatera.[13][14] The varieties brevipes, castaneus and rejangensis are found in Borneo.[6][7][10] The varieties longipetiolatus and nutans are found from Borneo to the Philippines (notably Palawan for var. longipetiolatus and the Sulu Archipelago for var. nutans)[8][9] The variety siamensis is found in Thailand, Myanmar and India (including Assam and notably Odisha).[11]
Habitat
[edit]In Cambodia and Vietnam it is found in open formations and in gallery forests, the edges of dense/closed forests.[3] In Thailand's Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary it is a component of semievergreen forest.[15]
Ecology
[edit]Parts of the plant (particularly the fruit) are eaten by[16] the fruitbats Balionycteris maculata, Chironax melanocephalus, Cynopterus brachyotis[5] and Cynopterus horsfieldii, the kanchil Tragulus kanchil, the langur Presbytis femoralis, the pheasant Lophura erythrophthalma, the porcupine Trichys fasciculata, the rats Leopoldamys sabanus and Maxomys whiteheadi, the squirrels Rhinosciurus laticaudatus and Lariscus insignis, and the treeshrew Tupaia glis. In Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, the Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus) and the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) consume the fruit.[15]
Vernacular names
[edit]Common names for the tree include: balunijok (Karo, Sumatera);[17] mendong (Temuan people, Malaysia).[18] sa:ng nha:ng (Khmer);[3] sein-se-ba-lu (southern Shan State, Myanmar).[19]
Uses
[edit]The trunk of the species is used to make short-lived constructions in Cambodia, while the twigs are often used as firewood.[3] Amongst inhabitants of southern Shan State, Myanmar, the fruit of the var. siamensis are eaten.[19] The bark of the taxa is used by the Karo people of Sumatera to treat impotence.[17] The Temuan people living in the Ayer Hitam Forest of Selangor, Malaysia, use a poultice of pulped leaves of the tree to treat sores.[18]
History
[edit]Karl Ludwig von Blume, a botanist born in Braunschweig but who studied in the Netherlands, described the nominate species in his Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indië[20] (Contributions to the Flora of the Netherlandish Indies) in 1825.[1] Mark James Elgar Coode (1937-), British botanist, reviewed the taxa and published the accepted varieties in the Kew Bulletin in 2001,[21] see below.
Further reading
[edit]Additional information can be found in:[2]
- Coode, M. J. E. 2001. Elaeocarpus for Flora Malesiana - the E. stipularis complex, E. nitidus group & E. barbulatus. Kew Bull. 56:535-563.
- Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1–915. chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
- Govaerts, R. (2001). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS E-F: 1–50919.
- Kiew, R. & al. (eds.) (2018). Flora of peninsular Malaysia. Series II: Seed Plants. volume 7 Malayan Forest Records 49: 1–321.
- Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1–590. Smithsonian Institution.
- Lê, T.C. (2005). Danh lục các loài thục vật Việt Nam [Checklist of Plant Species of Vietnam] 3: 1–1248. Hà Noi : Nhà xu?t b?n Nông nghi?p.
- Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1–394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
- Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403–500.
- Toyama, H. & al. (2013). Inventory of the woody flora in Permanent plats of Kampong Thom and Kompong Chhnang provinces, Cambodia Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 64: 45-105.
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b "Elaeocarpus stipularis Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 121 (1825)". International Plant Name Index (IPNI). The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Elaeocarpus stipularis Blume". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Pauline Dy Phon (2000). Plants Utilised In Cambodia/Plantes utilisées au Cambodge. Phnom Penh: Imprimerie Olympic. pp. 14, 15.
- ^ "Elaeocarpus stipularis Bl". EOL. EOL. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Tan, K.H.; Zubaid, A; Kunz, T.H. (2000). "Fruit dispersal by the lesser dog-faced fruit bat, Cynopterus brachyotis (Muller)(Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)" (PDF). Malayan Nature Journal. 54 (1): 57–62. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Elaeocarpus stipularis var. brevipes (Merr.) Coode". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Elaeocarpus stipularis var. castaneus (Merr.) Coode". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Elaeocarpus stipularis var. longipetiolatus (Merr.) Coode". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Elaeocarpus stipularis var. nutans (R.Knuth) Coode". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Elaeocarpus stipularis var. rejangensis (R.Knuth) Coode". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Elaeocarpus stipularis var. siamensis (Craib) Coode". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ "Taxon: Elaeocarpus stipularis Blume". GRIN. USDA. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ "Elaeocarpus stipularis var. alticola Coode". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ "Elaeocarpus stipularis var. atjehensis Coode". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Steinmetz, Robert; Garshelis, David L.; Wanlop Chutipong; Naret Seuaturien (15 February 2013). "Foraging ecology and coexistence of Asiatic black bears and sun bears in a seasonal tropical forest in Southeast Asia". Journal of Mammalogy. 94 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1644/11-MAMM-A-351.1.
- ^ "Elaeocarpus stipularis interacts with... plenty of things!". GLOBI. Global Biotic Interactions. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Aththorick, Ta; Berutu, L (2018). «Этноботаническое исследование и фитохимический скрининг лекарственных растений на каронском народе из Северной Суматры, Индонезия» . J. Phys.: Conf. Сервис 1116 (52008): 052008. DOI : 10.1088/1742-6596/1116/5/052008 .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Ханум, И. Фарида; Хамза, Нурулхуда (1999). «Разнообразие растений и ценность сохранения Айер Чард -Форест, Селангор, полуостровная Малайзия» (PDF) . Land J Trop Agric Sci . 22 (2): 85–94 . Получено 7 января 2021 года .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Тан Шин. «Этноботаническое исследование растительных ресурсов в Южном штате Шан, Мьянма» (PDF) . Nihon-u.ac.jp . Получено 7 января 2021 года .
- ^ «Вклад в флору голландской Ост -Индии» . Ботаник . Миссури Ботанический сад . Получено 7 января 2021 года .
- ^ «Elaeocarpus stipularis [Search]» . Международный индекс названия растений (IPNI) . Королевские ботанические сады, Кью . Получено 7 января 2021 года .