Вулканы Острова
Родное имя : Вулканические острова | |
|---|---|
 Место в Тихом океане | |
| География | |
| Расположение | Тихий океан |
| Координаты | 24 ° 46'n 141 ° 18'e / 24,767 ° N 141,300 ° E |
| Всего островов | 3 |
| Область | 32,55 км 2 (12,57 кв. МИ) |
| Administration | |
Japan | |
| Prefecture | Tokyo |
| Subprefecture | Ogasawara Subprefecture |
| Village | Ogasawara |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 380 (January 2008) |
Острова вулкана ( 火列島列 IAH , Kazan rettō ) или Iwo Islands ( 火黄列島 , iwo , iwo-rettō ) являются группой из трех японских островов в Микронезии . Это юг островов Огосабасара и принадлежат муниципалитету Огасабары, Токио , Токио Метрополис , Япония. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Все острова - это активные вулканы, лежащие на вершине изу -бонилин -марианской дуги , которая простирается на юг до Мариан . У них есть площадь 32,55 квадратных километров (12,57 кв. Миль) и население 380. Остров Иво Джима на островах вулканов находится около 1240 километров (670 нми; 771 миль . [ 3 ]
География
[ редактировать ]Острова вулкана:
- 傌-Это быстро северный , кут -и-джима / kit-iō-tō , буквально остров серы , 5,57 квадратных километров (2,15 кв. М-метров (2598) (сакаки-га-мимин).
- Iwo Jima (硫黄島, Iō-jima / Iō-tō, literally Sulphur Island), 20.60 square kilometres (7.95 sq mi), 166 metres (545 ft) (Suribachi-yama)
- Minami Iwo Jima (南硫黄島, Minami-Iō-jima / Minami-Iō-tō, literally South Sulphur Island) 3.54 square kilometres (1.37 sq mi), 916 metres (3,005 ft)
Farther north but in the same volcanic arc is:
- Nishino-shima (西之島, literally Western Island), 4.10 square kilometres (1.58 sq mi), 200 metres (660 ft)[1]
There is a Japan Self-Defense Forces air base on Iwo Jima with a staff of 380. It is located in the village of Minami. Other than that, the islands are uninhabited.
-
Satellite photo of the Volcano Islands (2004)
- Fukutoku-Okanoba Generally submerged volcano eruptions sometimes bring it above the surface.
History
[edit]The first recorded sighting by Europeans was in October 1543 by Spanish navigator Bernardo de la Torre on board of carrack San Juan de Letrán when trying to return from Sarangani to New Spain.[4] Iwo Jima was charted as Sufre, the old Spanish term for sulphur.
The islands were uninhabited in 1889 when the two northern islands were settled by Japanese settlers from the Izu Islands. They were annexed by Japan in 1891.[1][2] However, archeological evidence has revealed that islands of the greater Bonin archipelago were prehistorically inhabited by an unknown Micronesian people.[5]
The population was about 1,100 in 1939, distributed among five settlements: Higashi, Minami, Nishi, Kita and Motoyama (meaning "East", "South", "West", "North" and "Mountain of Origin", or central mountain) on Iwo Jima; and two settlements on Kita Iwo Jima: Ishino-mura ("Ishino village"; Ishino is a surname) and Nishi-mura ("West village"). The municipal administration office was located in Higashi until 1940 when the municipality was integrated into the administration of Ogasawara, Tokyo.
Iwo Jima was the site of the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II, and the island group came under the United States administration. The Volcano Islands were returned to Japanese rule in 1968.[1]
Ecology
[edit]The Volcano Islands have a subtropical climate. They are part of the Ogasawara subtropical moist forests ecoregion and are home to unique and diverse plants and animals, including many endemic species. They have been recognised as forming an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because they support populations of red-tailed tropicbirds, Japanese wood pigeons and Matsudaira's storm petrels.[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "火山列島" [Volcano Islands]. Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2013. OCLC 153301537. Archived from the original on August 25, 2007. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "火山列島" [Volcano Islands]. Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2013. OCLC 173191044. Archived from the original on August 25, 2007. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
- ^ "Volcano Islands" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ Brand, Donald D. The Pacific Basin: A History of its Geographical Explorations The American Geographical Society (New York, 1967) p.123.
- ^ 小笠原・火山(硫黄)列島の歴史
- ^ "Kazan-retto islands". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Volcano Islands at Wikimedia Commons
