Cirrhitus pinnulus
| Cirrhitus pinnulus | |
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| Шри -Ланка | |
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| Гавайи | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Cirrhitidae |
| Genus: | Cirrhitus |
| Species: | C. pinnulatus
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| Binomial name | |
| Cirrhitus pinnulatus (Forster, 1801)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
Cirrhitus pinnulatus , коренастый ястреб , ястребы с пайеткой или мраморные ястребы , является видом морской рыбы с лучами , ястребами , принадлежащей к семейству Cirrhitidae . Это найдено в Индо-западном Тихоокеанском регионе.
Таксономия
[ редактировать ]Cirrhitus pinnulatus был впервые официально описан в 1801 году как Labrus pinnulatus немецким Иоганном Рейнхольдом натуралистом и исследователем Форстером из Таити . Форстера Описание рукописи было основой описания, опубликованного в 1801 году Иоганном Готтлобом Шнайдером в его и Маркусе Элизера Блоха Система Ихтиологии , хотя каталог рыб придает название Форстеру. Когда французский натуралист Бернард Жермен де Лакпеде создал род Cirrhitus , который он поместил в него один вид, его собственный Maculatus который позже был показан как синоним Forster's Labrus Pinnulatus , под названием C. вида , циррит его род. [ 3 ] Конкретное название Pinnulatus означает «вырезок», возможно, ссылка на бахрому цирри на заднем крае передней ноздри. [ 4 ]
Три подвида этого вида в настоящее время признаны:
- Cirrhitus pinunulatus pinnulatus Forster, 1801
- Cirrhitus pinnulatus maculatus Lacépède, 1803
- Cirrhitus pinnulatus spilotoceps Schultz, 1950
In 1950 Leonard Peter Schultz recognised three species from the widespread species C. pinnulatus, C. spilotoceps from the Red Sea, C. pinnulatus from the wider Indo-Pacific region except for Hawaii and C. maculosus from Hawaii and the Johnston Atoll. John Ernest Randall in his 1963 review of the family Cirrhitidae did not recognise these species but treated them as subspecies.[5] Catalog of Fishes recognises C. spilotoceps as a valid species and treats C. maculosus as a subspecies of C. pinnulatus,[3] while FishBase treats these names as synonyms of C. pinnulatus.[6] It may be that records of C. pinnulatus sensu lato from the east African coast and possibly elsewhere in the Indian Ocean, refer to C. spilotoceps.[1]
Description
[edit]Cirrhitus pinnulatus has a body which has a standard length of roughly three times its depth. The head has a short, blunt snout and a large mouth which extends back as far as the rear edge of the eye which has a low bony ridge above it.[7] The mouth has two types of teeth, an outer row of canines and an inner row of villiform teeth. There are also teeth on the centre and sides of the roof of the mouth. They have a fringe of cirri on the posterior margin of the anterior nostril.[8] The upper margin of the preopercle has fine serrations. The continuous dorsal fin has 10 spines and 11 soft rays, there is a deep incision between spiny and soft rayed parts of the fin and a tassel of cirri near tip of each spine. The anal fin has 3 spines and 6 soft rays> The caudal fin gently rounded and the pectoral fins do not extend as far as the tips of pelvic fins, The pectoral fin rays number 14 with the lower 7 unbranched and robust.[7] This species attains a maximum total length of 30 cm (12 in), although 23 cm (9.1 in) is more typical.[2] The overall colour of this hawkfish is brown with white blotches and irregular reddish-brown spots on the body, The head is marked with sinuous reddish-orange lines and spots. There is a dark saddle-like blotch on the dorsal part of the caudal peduncle.[9]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Cirrhitus pinnulatus has a wide Indo-West Pacific distribution being found from the Red Sea and the east African coast south as far as Port Alfred in South Africa east across the Indian Ocean and into the Pacific where it reaches as far east as Hawaii, south to New Caledonia and Australia and north to the Ryukyu Islands of southern Japan.[1] In Australia it is found at Ningaloo Reef and Scott Reef in Western Australia, Cartier Reef in the Timor Sea and from Lizard Island to Escape Reef on the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland, it also occurs at Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.[9] It occurs at depths between 1 and 23 m (3 ft 3 in and 75 ft 6 in) but is typically found at depths of less than 15 m (49 ft).[1] This species is found in exposed areas such as the surge zone on the seaward sides of reefs and along rocky coastlines.[9]
Biology
[edit]Cirrhitus pinnulatus is a nocturnal species. It is a predator which mainly feeds on crabs.[7] It will also feed on other crustaceans, small fishes, sea urchins or brittle stars. They are pelagic spawners, the pair ascend into the water column to release their gametes. They are likely to be protogynous hermaphrodites but further study is needed to confirm this.[2]
Fisheries
[edit]Cirrhatus pinnulatus is taken by subsistence fisheries and is normally caught from shore using hook and line, the catch is sold fresh.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Greenfield, D. & Williams, I. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Cirrhitus pinnulatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T67997787A115452084. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T67997787A68001681.en. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Cirrhitus pinnulatus". FishBase. June 2021 version.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Cirrhitus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (25 February 2021). "Order CENTRARCHIFORMES: Families CENTRARCHIDAE, ELASSOMATIDAE, ENOPLOSIDAE, SINIPERCIDAE, APLODACTYLIDAE, CHEILODACTYLIDAE, CHIRONEMIDAE, CIRRHITIDAE, LATRIDAE, PERCICHTHYIDAE, DICHISTIIDAE, GIRELLIDAE, KUHLIIDAE, KYPHOSIDAE, OPLEGNATHIDAE, TERAPONTIDAE, MICROCANTHIDAE and SCORPIDIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
- ^ Gaither, Michelle & Randall, John (2013). "Reclassification of the Indo-Pacific Hawkfish Cirrhitus pinnulatus (Forster)". Zootaxa. 3599: 189–96. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3599.2.5.
- ^ Фроэз, Рейнер ; Поли, Даниэль (ред.). « Цирриты Пиннулатус » . Рыбная база . Июнь 2021 г. Версия.
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в JE Randall (2001). "Cirrhitidae". В Карпентере, Ке; Niem, VH (ред.). Руководство по идентификации видов ФАО для рыболовных целей. Живые морские ресурсы западной центральной части Тихого океана. Том 5. Космические рыбы, часть 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) (PDF) . Рим, ФАО. С. 3321–3328.
- ^ «Род: Cirrhitus, ястребы» . Береговые рыбы в онлайн -системе восточной части Тихого океана . Смитсоновский институт тропических исследований . Получено 15 июля 2021 года .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в Брей, DJ (2017). " Cirrhitus pinnulatus " . Рыбы Австралии . Музеи Виктория . Получено 16 июля 2021 года .