Тайгет
| Гора Тейгетус | |
|---|---|
| Тайгет Profitis Ilias (HP) | |
 | |
| Самая высокая точка | |
| Возвышение | 2405 м (7890 футов) [ 1 ] |
| Известность | 2 344 м (7690 футов) [ 1 ] |
| Список | Ультра |
| Координаты | 36 ° 57′14 ″ N 22 ° 21′08 ″ E / 36,95389 ° N 22,352222 ° E [ 1 ] |
| География | |
  Mount Taygetus Greece | |
| Location | Peloponnese, Greece |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | Hike, some rock scrambling |
Taygetus Taygetos , Taugetus , или : Taÿgetus ( греческий южной ταΰγετος , романизированный : Taygetos ) - это горная цепь на полуострове Пелопоннес на Греции . Самая высокая гора в диапазоне - гора Тайгетус, также известная как «Profitis Ilias», или «Пророк Элиас» ( Элайджа ).
Название - одно из самых старых записанных в Европе, появившееся в Одиссеи . [ 2 ] В классической мифологии это было связано с нимфы Тейгет , и она была названа в его честь. [ 3 ] В византийские времена и вплоть до 19-го века гора была также известна как пентадактилос (πενταΔάκτυλος; греческий для пяти рук , общее имя в течение этого периода).
География
[ редактировать ]Физический
[ редактировать ]The Taygetus Massif is about 100 km (62 mi) long, extending from the center of the Peloponnese to Cape Matapan, its southernmost extremity. It contains the tallest mountain in the Peloponnese, the Profitis Ilias summit, reaching 2,405 m (7,890 ft);[4] this is probably the classical Mount Taléton mentioned by Pausanias.[5] Саммит- ультрапрофильный пик . Это заметно над перешейком Коринфа , который отделяет пелопоннеса от материковой Греции, поднимается только примерно до 60 м (200 футов). Многочисленные ручьи смываются из гор, а Евротас имеет некоторые из своих верховьев в северной части диапазона. На западной стороне массива хранится верховья ущелья Вирос , который несет зимний снегопад вниз по горе, впадая в Мессианский залив в городе Кардамили .
Political
[edit]
Taygetus overlooks the cities of Sparta and Kalamata, whose skyline it dominates. The mountain range lies within the prefectures of Arcadia, Laconia and Messenia. Taygetus is crossed by Greek National Road 82, which links Kalamata to Sparti and separates Northern Taygetus from the Central Range. The Rindomo Gorge separates the Central Range from Southern Taygetos. The section of Taygetus that forms the backbone of the Mani Peninsula is also known as Saggias, and is often not considered part of Taygetus. The central part of the mountain range is commonly called "Skoteini Plevra", which means "the dark side" because the villages located there do not receive as much sunshine in the early morning and the late afternoon hours.
Geology
[edit]
The mountains of southern Europe that fringe the Mediterranean Sea and run generally in an east-west direction are of the folded type generated by collision of the northward-moving African Plate with the Eurasian Plate. Where the northern edge of the African Plate is being subducted in an irregular line a second orogeny occurs that is not entirely understood. The mountains of Italy and Greece are a combination of folded mountains and fault-block mountains running in a northwest–southeast direction.
The Hellenic Subduction carries the leading edge of the African Plate under the Aegean Sea Plate at the Hellenic Trench. It follows an arc around the outer edge of the Peloponnese and Crete. The subduction on the west is to the northeast, on the east to the northwest, and north in the center. The average direction is N 21° E. In the islands and southern Greece a fault-block mountain orogeny prevails due to a double set of crustal movements. On the one hand the Aegean Sea Plate is being raised by the subduction. On the other hand, north–south extensional movements, yet unexplained, are pulling the plate apart, creating normal extensional faults and generating a parallel sequence of horsts and grabens, or rift valleys, running in a north–south direction.[6]
Mount Taygetus is a limestone horst bordering the Eurotas Rift Valley. Below its eastern face is the Sparta fault, a normal fault striking perpendicular to the direction of extension. Footwall scarps are visible on the eastern side of Taygetus at the base of its spurs. They result from sudden slippages of the hanging wall in the direction of the dip, causing earthquakes. Single earthquakes result in 1–12 m of scarp. The Sparta fault is zig-zag in strike, varying between N 170° E and N 140° E. The maximum slippage has been 10–12 m in three increments. The earthquake of 464 BC, which levelled Sparta, resulted from a slippage of 3–4 m over a length of 20 km of the fault. The slip rate has been about 1 mm per year suggesting an average interval between earthquakes of 3000 years.[7]
Ecology
[edit]
The slopes of Taygetus are heavily forested, primarily with Greek fir (Abies cephalonica) and black pine (Pinus nigra). Devastating fires in 2005 and 2007 consumed much of the forests on the central west slopes, and only about half remain.
History
[edit]The slopes of Taygetus have been inhabited since at least Mycenean times. The site of Arkina, near the village of Arna, contains three beehive tombs and is still unexplored. Taygetus was important as one of Sparta's natural defenses. The Spartans threw criminals into a chasm of Taygetus known as Ceadas or Caeadas (Greek: Καιάδας and Κεάδας).[8][9] Recent evidence, found by the University of Athens, discovered remains of adult individuals which appeared to confirm that Ceadas was mainly a place of punishment for criminals, traitors and captives.[10]
According to an Open University online course, "The first century CE writer Plutarch explains that Sparta had a ritual by which newborn babies were judged by the elders and those thought unfit to be allowed to live were left at the foot of Mount Taygetos. However, no other source tells us this about Spartan practices, and no infant remains have been found at this site."[11] While bones have been found at the site, a study determined they all belonged to adolescents and adults.[12]
At the ancient period, on spring women tied around their necks a plant which was growing on the mountain and was called Charisia. This way they wanted to make themselves more passionately beloved by men.[3]
During the era of barbarian invasions, Taygetus served as a shelter for the native population. Many of the villages in its slopes date from this period. In Medieval times, the citadel and monastery of Mystras was built on the steep slopes, and became a center of Byzantine civilization and served as the capital of the Despotate of the Morea. Mystras remains occupied by a tiny religious community. The buildings are remarkably well-preserved and a major tourist attraction in the region. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Religion
[edit]The peak known as Taleton, above Bryseae, was 'dedicated' to Helios, the Sun, to whom horses were sacrificed.[13] Taleton was also 'dedicated' to Zeus.[14] Today, the mountain is closely associated with the holy Prophet Elias, and every year on the 20th of July (the Greek Orthodox feast day for the Prophet Elias), the small chapel at the peak holds a large festival, including a massive bonfire in commemoration of the Prophet Elias (a Greek-style transliteration of 'Eliyah' (אליה), the prophet Elijah), as he is believed to have ascended up into heaven in a chariot of fire. The bonfire can be seen from anywhere with clear view of the summit, and it is for this reason that the town of Kardamyli is a local gathering point for those who wish to view the fire without having to climb the mountain.
Recreation
[edit]The highest point, Profitis Ilias, is a popular hiking destination and European walking route E4 runs along the lower slopes of the range. The view from the Profitis Ilias includes most of the Evrotas Valley and the Parnon range to the east, while the view towards the west includes Kalamata and the eastern half of Messenia. Most of the southwestern part of Arcadia can also be seen.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Europe Ultra-Prominences". Peaklist.org. Retrieved 2014-05-25.
- ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). "Ταΰγετον". In Jones, Henry Stuart (ed.). A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Pseudo-Plutarch, De fluviis, XVII. EUROTAS". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved Dec 26, 2022.
- ^ "Other map sources give the elevation as 2407m, but GPS readings seem to confirm the 2404m value on the Greek topographic maps." "Europe Ultra-Prominences" - Footnote#13. Peaklist.org. Retrieved 2014-05-25.
- ^ Waterhouse, Helen; Simpson, R. Hope (1960). "Prehistoric Laconia: Part I". The Annual of the British School at Athens. 55: 67–107. doi:10.1017/s0068245400013290. JSTOR 30104479. S2CID 210050738.
- ^ Armijo, Lyon-Caen & Papanastassiou 1992, p. 493
- ^ Armijo, Lyon-Caen & Papanastassiou 1992, pp. 492–492
- ^ Of uncertain etymology; R. S. P. Beekes suggested a Pre-Greek proto-form *kawyat- (Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 615).
- ^ "A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), CE´ADAS". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
- ^ New Hellenic Television newscast of 9 April 2008
- ^ "Health and wellbeing in the ancient world". Open University. Retrieved Dec 26, 2022.
- ^ "Study finds no evidence of discarded Spartan babies". Dec 10, 2007. Retrieved Dec 26, 2022 – via Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^ Pausanias, Guide to Greece 3:20:4
- ^ Кук, Артур Бернард (1914). Зевс: исследование в древней религии . Тол. Я: Зевс Бог яркого неба. Кембридж: Университетская издательство. п. 178.
Библиография
[ редактировать ]- Armijo, R.; Lyon-Caen, H.; Папанастассиу, Д. (июнь 1992 г.). «Расширение восток-запад и голоценовые плавники в гермезии в эллинской дуге» (PDF) . Геология . 20 (6): 491–494. Bibcode : 1992geo .... 20..491a . doi : 10.1130/0091-7613 (1992) 020 <0491: eweahn> 2.3.co; 2 .
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]
- Греческая горная флора
- «Тайгетос (Тайгетус)» . Мани mani.org.gr.
- LaCazette, AL (2000–2001). «Ошибка скольжения и имена разломов» . NaturalFractures.com.
