Iris auraniteica
| Iris auraniteica | |
|---|---|
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Научная классификация 
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| Королевство: | Plantae |
| Клада : | Трахеофиты |
| Клада : | Покрытосеменные |
| Клада : | Монокоты |
| Заказ: | Аспарагал |
| Family: | Iridaceae |
| Genus: | Iris |
| Subgenus: | Iris subg. Iris |
| Section: | Iris sect. Oncocyclus |
| Species: | I. auranitica
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| Binomial name | |
| Iris auranitica | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Iris auranitica - это вид рода Iris , он также находится в подроде Iris и в разделе oncocyclus . Это многолетнее многолетнее место в регионе Джабал Аль-Дрюз в Сирии , где он растет примерно на 1600 м. Он имеет тонкие и длинные, серовато-зеленые, полувековые листья. В мае у него есть ароматизированные цветы (между светло -желтым до горчицы), с темным сигнальным пятном и желтой бородой с фиолетовыми кончиками. Он редко выращивается как декоративное растение в умеренных регионах, так как в течение лета ему нужны очень сухие условия.
Описание
[ редактировать ]Это геофит , [ 2 ] который имеет небольшие корневища, которые находятся на поверхности почвы, чтобы они могли чувствовать тепло солнца. Под корневищем у них очень длинные второстепенные корни. [ 3 ]
Он имеет серовато-зеленые полувековые листья, которые являются тонкими и могут расти до 10–20 см (4–8 дюймов) длиной. Корневища и листья образуют небольшие комки растений. [ 3 ]
Он имеет стройный стебель или плодоновок , который может вырасти до 50 см (20 дюймов) в высоту. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ]
The stems hold terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming in mid-season,[4] or spring,[7] in May.[3] In cultivation, they flower as late as June.[8] The fragranced flowers,[3] come in shades of yellow,[5][6] from light yellow to mustard,[3] or bronze,[4][6] and gold.[8] In the wild, there is a great deal of variety in flower colour.[8] Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[9] The falls are orbiculate (or circular) or pendulum shaped, with[4] a maroon or reddish,[6] signal patch,[8][4] and red,[4] or brown veining.[3] They also have brown spots.[5][6][7] In the middle of the falls, is a dense,[7] row of short hairs called the 'beard', which is dark yellow,[3] or bright yellow with purple red tips.[4][6] It has similar coloured standards that do not have dots or veins.[4]
After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule, which has not yet been described.
Biochemistry
[edit]A study was carried out in 2013, to find out what oils are contained in the rhizomes of various irises in Syria, including Iris germanica, Iris barnumiae, Iris bostrensis and in I. auranitica. It found myristic acid, lauric acid, decanoic acid (capric acid), palmitic acid and methyl ester.[citation needed]
As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[9] It was counted in 1952, by Marc Simonet and then by Awishai & Zohary in 1980,[4] as 2n = 20.[3][6]
Taxonomy
[edit]The Latin specific epithet auranitica refers to resembling an orange or orange-coloured.[10][11] Also 'Auranitis' is an alternative to Hauran, Syria, where the iris is found.[8]
It is sometimes misspelt as Iris aurantica.[12]
It was first discovered by John Edward Dinsmore, in Tell Quleib (a hill near As-Suwayda,[13]) in Syria,[8] then he published and described the iris in 'Flora Syria' edition 2 (Palest. & Sinai) on page 601 in 1933.[1][12][14]
Then again in Nat. Sc. Ser. No. 1; Publ. Am. Univ. Beirut, No.3, 1934,[14] and in Gardening Illustrated 56 on page 389 on 30 June 1934.[4]
It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, then updated on 1 December 2004.[12]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]It is native to temperate Asia.[12]
Range
[edit]It is found in southern Syria,[12][5][15] including Jab. Kulavb,[4][6] and El Hauran.[16]
It is listed as endemic plant of Syria, along with 200 other vascular plants including Iris assadiana (another Oncoyclus section iris), Teucrium coniortodes, Allium pseudophanerantherum, Allium birkinshawii, Ajuga chasmophila, Echium pabotii, Astragalus qatmensis, Astragalus roessleri, Centaurea trachonitica, Salsola zenobiae, Senecio delbesianus, Thymus alfredae, Vicia kalakhensis, Onobrychis gaillardotii, and Alyssum antilibanoticum.[17]
Habitat
[edit]It grows on volcanic lava,[5] and dry rocky soils.[3][16]
Conservation
[edit]It is a very rare iris,[15] under threat of extinction.[3]
Cultivation
[edit]It is hardy to European Zone H4,[7] meaning hardy to −5 to −10 °C (23 to 14 °F).[18]
It is difficult to cultivate unless it has a hot and dry summer conditions.[3]
Propagation
[edit]Irises can generally be propagated by division,[19] or by seed growing. Irises generally require a period of cold, then a period of warmth and heat, also they need some moisture. Some seeds need stratification, (the cold treatment), which can be carried out indoors or outdoors. Seedlings are generally potted on (or transplanted) when they have 3 leaves.[20]
Hybrids and cultivars
[edit]Ii has various cultivars including 'Unicolor' and 'Wilkiana'.[4]
Toxicity
[edit]Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), and if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also, handling the plant may cause skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[21]
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b "Iris auranitica Dinsm. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ Ghazal, Abdullah (2008). "Landscape Ecological, Phytosociological and Geobotanical Study of Eu-Mediterranean in West of Syria" (PDF). opus.uni-hohenheim.de (University of Hohenhiem). Retrieved 9 July 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "Chapter I (Part 5) I Oncocyclus" (in French). irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Black, John (19 January 2016). "(SPEC) Iris auranitica Dinsm". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Dominguez, Rafael Diez (27 July 2007). "Iris auranitica". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification (2011) , p. 249, at Google Books
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Werckmeister, Peter (1963). "Bulletin of the American Iris Society, no. 169: 29–30 (1963), The Iris Auranitica of Syria (Translated by George Hacklaender)". bulbnrose.x10.mx. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN 978-0881927306.
- ^ David Gledhill The Names of Plants, p. 62, at Google Books
- ^ Stearn, William (1973). A Gardenerer's Dictionary of Plant Names (Revised ed.). London: Cassell (published 1963). p. 50. ISBN 978-0304937219.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Iris auranitica". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
- ^ "Tell Abu Quleib". Retrieved 4 June 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Iridaceae Iris auranitica Dinsm". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Kerry Scott Walter, Harriet J. Gillett, World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants, p. 678, at Google Books
- ^ Jump up to: a b "MarHaba from Damascus". rsabg.org. 21 April 2006. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ "Syria". lntreasures.com. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
- ^ "Plant Hardiness". theseedsite.co. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ "How to divide iris rhizomes". gardenersworld.com. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
- ^ Waters, Tom (December 2010). "Growing Irises from Seed". telp.com. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- ^ David G Spoerke and Susan C. SmolinskeToxicity of Houseplants, p. 236, at Google Books
Sources
[edit]- Chaudhary, et al. in Botaniska Notiser, vol. 128: p. 404, 1975.
- Журнал Королевского садоводческого общества. 61: 7, 291. Июль 1936 г.
- Мэтью, Б. Айрис. 1981 (Iris) 45.