Fray Bentos
Fray Bentos | |
|---|---|
Столица | |
 Glorieta Kiosco - Pergola Plaza Pueblo | |
  Fray Bentos | |
| Координаты: 33 ° 08′0 ″ S 58 ° 18′0 ″ W / 33.133333 ° S 58,30000 ° W | |
| Страна |  Уругвай |
| Отделение |  Рио Негр Департамент |
| Основан | 1859 |
| Возвышение | 23 м (75 футов) |
| Население (Перепись 2011 года) | |
| • Общий | 24,406 |
| • Демон | Фрайбентино |
| Часовой пояс | UTC –3 |
| Почтовый индекс | 65000 |
| План набора | +598 456 (+5 цифр) |
| Климат | CFA |
| Официальное имя | Промышленный ландшафт Fray Bentos |
| Критерии | Культурный: (ii), (iv) |
| Ссылка | 1464 |
| Надпись | 2015 (39 -я сессия ) |
| Область | 273,8 га (677 акров) |
| Buffer zone | 2,127.7 ha (5,258 acres) |
| Website | https://www.rionegro.gub.uy |
Fray Bentos ( Испанское произношение: [fɾaj ˈβentos] ) является столицей департамента Рио Негро , на юго-западе Уругвай , на границе Аргентины-Уругвай , недалеко от аргентинского города Гуалгуайчу . Его порт на реке Уругвай - один из самых важных гаваней страны. [ 1 ] В городе находится первый кампус технологического университета, [ 2 ] Помимо исторически значимого промышленного комплекса Англо , участок всемирного наследия .
Одна из крупнейших мельпов в мире расположена недалеко от Фрай Бентос и генерал -либертадорского моста Сан -Мартин ; Это был центр крупнейшего политического спора между Уругваем и Аргентиной в течение 21 -го века.
География
[ редактировать ]Город находится недалеко от границы с Аргентиной и около 160 километров (99 миль) из-за севера от Буэнос-Айреса и 309 километров (192 миль) к северо-западу от Монтевидео, столицы Уругвая.
История
[ редактировать ]Город был основан как «Вилла Independencia» по указу 16 апреля 1859 года. Он стал столицей департамента Рио Негро 7 июля 1860 года в соответствии с Законом Лей № 1,475, и его статус был повышен до «Сюдада» (город) 16 Июль 1900 года по акту Лей № 2,656. [ 3 ] Его нынешнее название, означающее «мональный Бенедикт», происходит от священника -затворника. [ 4 ]
Исторически, основной отрасль Fray Bentos является обработка мяса. Промышленный завод, принадлежащий Societe de Fray Bentos Giebert & Cie., Экстракт Liebig Meat Company (LEMCO), был основан там в 1863 году. Он был закрыт в 1979 году, после 117 лет работы. Местный музей истории открылся на месте в марте 2005 года.
Окружающая среда Bray Bentos была расположением аварии австралийского рейса 2553 , в котором 104 человека были убиты (69 пассажиров и 5 экипажей) 10 октября 1997 года. [ 5 ] [ 6 ]
5 июля 2015 года городской Баррио Англо, расположение промышленного завода, было объявлено местом всемирного наследия как «Фрай Бентос-культурный ландшафт». [ 7 ]
Population
[edit]In 2011 Fray Bentos had a population of 24,406.[8][9]
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1908 | 7,359 |
| 1963 | 17,094 |
| 1975 | 19,407 |
| 1985 | 19,862 |
| 1996 | 21,959 |
| 2004 | 23,122 |
| 2011 | 24,406 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay[3]
Economy
[edit]
In 1899 a company called "Frigorífico Anglo del Uruguay" (often referred to as "Anglo") which originated from Lemco, began making corned beef there, which was sold as "Fray Bentos Corned Beef" in the UK. Fifty years later, the company diversified into soups, meatballs and tinned fruit.[10] During the 1990s the focus shifted to pies and puddings, and the company was taken over by the Campbell Soup Company. In 2006, 'Campbells UK' was acquired by Premier Foods.[11] The "Fray Bentos" brand is now owned in the UK by Baxters, which manufactures the product range in Scotland. The Campbell Soup Company manufactures and sells Fray Bentos-branded steak and kidney pies in Australia.[citation needed]
In 2008, the Brazilian-owned Marfrig Group announced the reopening of one of the factories related to the Liebig factory and the resumption of export of meat products, though at a lower volume than at the original factory.[12]
Pulp mill dispute
[edit]Botnia S.A., a subsidiary of Finnish corporation Metsä-Botnia, built a large cellulose factory (pulp mill) in Fray Bentos to produce bleached eucalyptus pulp. Production started in November 2007, and the first shipments were made in December 2007 from the port of Nueva Palmira. Investment in the project was about 1 billion USD. Several groups raised concerns regarding the effects of this and other pulp mills on the Uruguay River, which runs between Uruguay and Argentina, as well as whether Argentina had been provided with adequate notice regarding construction. On 30 April 2005 about 40,000 Argentine protesters from Entre Ríos, along with environmental groups from both countries, demonstrated at the bridge linking both countries. Afterwards ten to fifteen Argentines set up a roadblock at the international bridge to put pressure on the Uruguayan government to stop production at the factory, claiming it would gravely pollute the Uruguay River.[13] On 20 December 2005 a World Bank study concluded that the factory would not have a negative impact on the environment or tourism in either country. The paper mill started operating in November 2007.[14]
Transportation
[edit]Villa Independencia Airport serves Fray Bentos, but has no commercial air service.
Museums and culture
[edit] |
Fray Bentos has an Industrial Revolution Museum in the former meat processing factory of the Liebig Extract of Meat Company, where thousands of people worked. When it was shut down, the opportunity was taken to create a museum, with the original machinery, and social and cultural artefacts of the technological revolution in Fray Bentos. The museum exhibits the machinery used in the meat and extract of meat process, the buildings, an 1893 Merryweather water-pumping machine, a complete canning plant, a plant where the meat was cooked, a laboratory, etc.
It also has a museum for the artist Luis Alberto Solari, who was born in the city.
The Miguel Young Theatre is a cultural landmark.
Sports
[edit]Fray Bentos has its own football league, the Liga Departamental de Fútbol de Río Negro, established in 1912, made up of 14 teams. Among the most notable are Fray Bentos Fútbol Club, Club Atlético Anglo and Laureles Fútbol Club.
Notable people
[edit] | This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2020) |
- José Pedro Barrán (1934–2009), historian
- Carlos Demasi (born 22 August 1949), historian
- Federico Elduayen (born 25 June 1977), footballer
- Carlos Fischer (1903–1969), politician, member of the National Council of Government 1955–1959
- Walter Pelletti (born 31 May 1966), former footballer
- Gastón Ramírez (2 December 1990), footballer
- Luis Alberto Solari (17 October 1918 – 13 October 1993), painter and engraver
- Juan Manuel Tenuta (1924–2013), was an actor
- Juan José Timón (18 November 1937 – 13 July 2001), cyclist
- Lucas Torreira, (born 11 February 1996), footballer
Sister cities
[edit]Fray Bentos is twinned with:
General Artigas, Paraguay[15]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Inicio". ANP (in Spanish).
- ^ "Mujica sobre UTEC de Fray Bentos: "la realidad a veces nos supera"". 180.com.uy.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Statistics of urban localities (1908–2004) (see also "Independencia")" (PDF). INE. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2009. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
- ^ "Fray Bentos", Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. John Everett-Heath. Oxford University Press 2005. Oxford Reference Online, retrieved 21 June 2008
- ^ Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 26 May 2011.
- ^ "Catástrofe aérea: hubo 73 muertos" [Air disaster: 73 dead]. La Nación (in Spanish). 12 October 1997. Archived from the original on 18 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
- ^ "Fray Bentos Industrial Landscape". UNESCO. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
- ^ "Archived copy". ine.gub.uy. Archived from the original on 10 November 2005. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Censos 2011 Cuadros Río Negro". INE. 2012. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
- ^ Anon. "Fray Bentos". Premier Foods our range. Premier Foods. Archived from the original on 21 February 2010. Retrieved 28 September 2009.
- ^ Attwood, Karen (20 January 2007). "Premier Foods to close two factories with loss of 450 jobs". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 23 January 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2007.
- ^ BBC News. 28 October 2008 "Uruguay serves up slice of history "
- ^ "Multitudinaria protesta en Entre Ríos contra la instalación de papeleras (in Spanish)". Clarín. 2005. Retrieved 20 April 2005.
- ^ Bloomberg. 9 November 2007 "Metsae-Botnia Gets Permit From Uruguay to Start Pulp Production"
- ^ "Se firmó el Acuerdo de Hermanamiento entre las ciudades de Fray Bentos y General Artigas (Paraguay)". 19 May 2021.
External links
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