Саксиола

Саксиола
	Мужской европейский кастонехат ( Saxicola Rubicola ) Продолжительность: 1 минута и 23 секунды. 1:23 Звонки, сделанные европейским каменным
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Muscicapidae
Genus:	Saxicola; Bechstein, 1802
Type species
	Motacilla rubicola; Linnaeus, 1766
Species
	See text

Saxioola ( стандарт : рок , рок + житель , живет в ^{[ 1 ]}), Stonechats или чаты , представляют собой род из 15 видов мелких птиц , ограниченных старым светом . Они насекомые, встречающиеся в открытом кустарнике и пастбищах с разбросанными небольшими кустарниками .

Таксономия

Род был введен немецким натуралистом Иоганном Маттхаусом Бехштейном в 1802 году. ^{[ 2 ]} Типовый вид был впоследствии обозначен как европейский кастонехат . ^{[ 3 ]} Название Saxicola от латинского саксма , сакси "камень" и -кола "житель". ^{[ 4 ]}

Род был ранее включен в Turse Family Turdidae , но, как и в случае с несколькими другими родственными родами, в настоящее время было показано, что они правильно классифицируются в семействе мусикапиде Старого Света , в которых он наиболее тесно связан с родами ( пшеницы) и и Кампиколоиды . ^{[ 5 ]}^{[ 6 ]}

Genetic and behavioural evidence has also resulted in several new species being accepted in the genus in recent years, most notably the splitting of the former broad "species" common stonechat Saxicola torquatus into five species, a change now widely though not yet universally accepted. With addition of mtDNA cytochrome b sequence and nDNA fingerprinting data, it was confirmed that not only the Fuerteventura and Réunion stonechats are distinct species, but that in addition, the African, Madagascar, European, Siberian and Amur stonechats are also all separate species.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] Due to confusion of subspecies allocation, the name S. torquatus was briefly used for the European species, with the African stonechat being incorrectly listed as S. axillaris.^[8]

Owing to misunderstandings of Latin syntax, several species have in the past been widely but incorrectly cited with feminine name endings ("S. torquata, S. maura, S. leucura, S. ferrea", etc.).^[11]

Species

The following 15 species are currently accepted in Saxicola:^[12]

Whinchat, Saxicola rubetra
White-browed bush chat, Saxicola macrorhynchus
White-throated bush chat, Saxicola insignis
Canary Islands stonechat, Saxicola dacotiae
European stonechat, Saxicola rubicola
Siberian stonechat, Saxicola maurus
Amur stonechat, Saxicola stejnegeri
African stonechat, Saxicola torquatus
Madagascar stonechat, Saxicola sibilla
Reunion stonechat, Saxicola tectes
White-tailed stonechat, Saxicola leucurus
Pied bush chat, Saxicola caprata
Jerdon's bush chat, Saxicola jerdoni
Grey bush chat, Saxicola ferreus
White-bellied bush chat, Saxicola gutturalis

Formerly included in the genus Saxicola, but now treated in a separate genus:

Splendid fairywren, as Saxicola splendens^[13]
Buff-streaked chat, as Saxicola bifasciatus^[5]

Fossil record

Saxicola lambrechti (Late Miocene of Polgardi, Hungary) ^[14]
Saxicola baranensis (Pliocene of Beremend, Hungary)^[14]
Saxicola parva (Pliocene of Csarnota, Hungary)^[14]
Saxicola magna (Pliocene of Beremend, Hungary)^[14]

References

^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. p. 349. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4..
^ Bechstein, Johann Matthäus (1802). Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland, oder, Kurze Beschreibung aller Vögel Deutschlands für Liebhaber dieses Theils der Naturgeschichte (in German). Leipzig: Carl Friedrich Enoch Richter. p. 216.
^ Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., eds. (2014). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 608. ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2.
^ Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b del Hoyo, J; et al., eds. (2005). Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 10. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 786. ISBN 84-87334-72-5.
^ Sangster, G.; Alström, P.; Forsmark, E.; Olsson, U. (2010). "Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57 (1): 380–392. Bibcode:2010MolPE..57..380S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.008. PMID 20656044.
^ Urquhart, E., & Bowley, A. (2002). Stonechats. A Guide to the Genus Saxicola. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-6024-4.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Wink, M.; Sauer-Gürth, H.; Gwinner, E. (2002). "Evolutionary relationships of stonechats and related species inferred from mitochondrial-DNA sequences and genomic fingerprinting" (PDF). British Birds. 95: 349–355. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-06-11. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
^ Woog, F.; Wink, M.; Rastegar-Pouyani, E.; Gonzalez, J.; Helm, B. (2008). "Distinct taxonomic position of the Madagascar stonechat (Saxicola torquatus sibilla) revealed by nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA". Journal of Ornithology. 149 (3): 423–430. doi:10.1007/s10336-008-0290-1.
^ Zink, R.M.; Pavlova, A.; Drovetski, S. V.; Wink, M.; Rohwer, S. (2009). "Taxonomic status and evolutionary history of the Saxicola torquata complex". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 52 (3): 769–773. Bibcode:2009MolPE..52..769Z. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.016. PMID 19464380.
^ David, N.; Gosselin, M. (2002). "The grammatical gender of avian genera". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 122: 257–282.
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Chats, Old World flycatchers". World Bird List Version 6.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
^ "Malurus splendens (Splendid Fairywren) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-11-26.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Kessler, E. (2013). "Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary". Hantkeniana. 8: 37–149.

Внешние ссылки

[job-1] Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. p. 349. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4..

[2] Bechstein, Johann Matthäus (1802). Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland, oder, Kurze Beschreibung aller Vögel Deutschlands für Liebhaber dieses Theils der Naturgeschichte (in German). Leipzig: Carl Friedrich Enoch Richter. p. 216.

[3] Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., eds. (2014). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 608. ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2.

[hbwkey-4] Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 10 May 2018.

[Hoyo-5] Jump up to: ^a ^b del Hoyo, J; et al., eds. (2005). Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 10. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 786. ISBN 84-87334-72-5.

[6] Sangster, G.; Alström, P.; Forsmark, E.; Olsson, U. (2010). "Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57 (1): 380–392. Bibcode:2010MolPE..57..380S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.008. PMID 20656044.

[Urquhart-7] Urquhart, E., & Bowley, A. (2002). Stonechats. A Guide to the Genus Saxicola. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-6024-4.

[wink-8] Jump up to: ^a ^b Wink, M.; Sauer-Gürth, H.; Gwinner, E. (2002). "Evolutionary relationships of stonechats and related species inferred from mitochondrial-DNA sequences and genomic fingerprinting" (PDF). British Birds. 95: 349–355. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-06-11. Retrieved 2018-05-10.

[9] Woog, F.; Wink, M.; Rastegar-Pouyani, E.; Gonzalez, J.; Helm, B. (2008). "Distinct taxonomic position of the Madagascar stonechat (Saxicola torquatus sibilla) revealed by nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA". Journal of Ornithology. 149 (3): 423–430. doi:10.1007/s10336-008-0290-1.

[10] Zink, R.M.; Pavlova, A.; Drovetski, S. V.; Wink, M.; Rohwer, S. (2009). "Taxonomic status and evolutionary history of the Saxicola torquata complex". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 52 (3): 769–773. Bibcode:2009MolPE..52..769Z. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.016. PMID 19464380.

[11] David, N.; Gosselin, M. (2002). "The grammatical gender of avian genera". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 122: 257–282.

[IOC-12] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Chats, Old World flycatchers". World Bird List Version 6.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 20 May 2016.

[13] "Malurus splendens (Splendid Fairywren) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-11-26.

[kessler-14] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Kessler, E. (2013). "Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary". Hantkeniana. 8: 37–149.

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