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List of cities in South Korea

  Special city
  Special autonomous city
  Metropolitan cities
  Big municipal cities
  Administrative cities
  Cities

The largest cities of South Korea have an autonomous status equivalent to that of provinces. Seoul, the largest city and capital, is classified as a teukbyeolsi (Special City), while the next six-largest cities are classified as gwangyeoksi (Metropolitan Cities). Smaller cities are classified as si ("cities") and are under provincial jurisdiction, at the same level as counties.

City status

[edit]

Article 10 of the Local Autonomy Act defines the standards under which a populated area may become a city: an area which is predominantly urbanised and has a population of at least 50,000; a gun which has an urbanised area with a population of at least 50,000; or a gun which has a total population of at least 150,000 and multiple urbanised areas each with a population of at least 20,000.[1] Cases outside of these standards require specific legislation, such as the special bill by the National Assembly to designate Gyeryong as a city.[citation needed]

Under Article 3 of the Local Autonomy Act, a city with a population of less than 500,000 may create administrative subdivisions in the form of dong in its urbanised area and eup or myeon in its rural area, while a city with a population of more than 500,000 may create administrative subdivisions in the form of non-autonomous gu.[2]

Classifications for large municipal cities

[edit]

The national government can designate cities of at least 500,000 inhabitants as special status cities. This status expands the scope of administrative authority delegated from the provincial government to the city government.[3] There is no legal standard for becoming a metropolitan city, but it was usually promoted to a metropolitan city when the population was close to 1,000,000. However, considering that there are four cities in Suwon, Changwon, Goyang, and Yongin that have a population of more than 1 million but have not become metropolitan cities, there is no further promotion.[citation needed]

Big city

[edit]

A big city is a city (other than a special city or a metropolitan city) that has a population greater than 500,000, and has been designated by an order of the national government under Article 198 of the Local Autonomy Act. Big municipal cities are given the power to subdivide themselves into non-autonomous districts (일반구; 一般區).[3] However, some big municipal cities have chosen not to divide themselves into districts, such as Bucheon, Gimhae, Hwaseong, or Namyangju. Currently, South Korea has a total of 17 big cities. "Specific city" (특정시, 特定市) is an unofficial term for big city with municipal status.[citation needed]

Due its legal status as an administrative city, Jeju City cannot be designated as a "big city" under the Local Autonomy Law, despite having an estimated population exceeding 500,000 as of 2022. The designation of "administrative city" was created by the law which granted special self-governing status to Jeju Province; that law specifically states that the Local Autonomy Act would not apply to administrative cities. As such, Jeju City does not enjoy special autonomy and only has the same legal powers as the much smaller Seogwipo City. The administrative authority of Jeju City is trying to expand the scope of administrative authority delegated from the provincial government to the city government.[4]

Special-status city

[edit]

A special-status city is a subclass of big municipal city that has a population greater than 1,500,000.

List

[edit]
Notes
  • The name "Seoul" does not originate from hanja. The official Chinese translation is written as 首爾/首尔, which is a transcription based on the pronunciation of "Seoul", but 漢城/汉城 remains frequently used. As an affix or abbreviation, the character gyeong (), which means "capital", is used.
  • Seoul was designated a "Special Independent City" (Teukbyeol-jayusi; 특별자유시; 特別自由市) separate from Gyeonggi Province on August 16, 1946; it became a "Special City" on August 15, 1949.
NameKoreanNo.
HangulHanja
   Special City특별시特別市1
   Special Self-Governing City특별자치시特別自治市1
   Metropolitan City광역시廣域市6
   Big Municipal city대도시大都市17
   Administrative City행정시行政市2
   City60
CityHangulHanjaProvincePopulation
(2017)
AreaDensityFounded
Andong안동시安東市North Gyeongsang168,2261521.26110.61963-01-01
Ansan안산시安山市Gyeonggi689,326149.064624.51986-01-01
Anseong안성시安城市Gyeonggi182,784553.47330.31998-04-01
Anyang안양시安養市Gyeonggi598,39258.4610235.91973-07-01
Asan아산시牙山市South Chungcheong303,043542.15559.01986-01-01
Boryeong보령시保寧市South Chungcheong103,620569.01182.11986-01-01
Bucheon부천시富川市Gyeonggi851,24553.4015940.91973-07-01
Busan부산광역시釜山廣域市City-cnone3,496,779765.944565.31963-01-01
Changwon창원시昌原市South Gyeongsang1,063,116736.341443.81980-04-01
Cheonan천안시天安市South Chungcheong619,286636.22973.41963-01-01
Cheongju청주시淸州市North Chungcheong835,802153.455446.71949-08-15
Chuncheon춘천시春川市Gangwon280,5651116.35251.31949-08-15
Chungju충주시忠州市North Chungcheong208,288983.70211.71956-07-08
Daegu대구광역시大邱廣域市City-cnone2,484,688885.602805.71981-07-01
Daejeon대전광역시大田廣域市City-cnone1,514,354539.862805.11989-01-01
Dangjin당진시唐津市South Chungcheong166,782694.08240.32012-01-01
Dongducheon동두천시東豆川市Gyeonggi98,06295.661025.11981-07-01
Donghae동해시東海市Gangwon93,289180.17517.81980-04-01
Gangneung강릉시江陵市Gangwon213,7471040.07205.51955-09-01
Geoje거제시巨濟市South Gyeongsang256,979401.61639.91989-01-01
Gimcheon김천시金泉市North Gyeongsang142,2771009.50140.91949-08-14
Gimhae김해시金海市South Gyeongsang529,577463.281143.11981-07-01
Gimje김제시金堤市North Jeolla87,658544.99160.81989-01-01
Gimpo김포시金浦市Gyeonggi364,808276.641318.71998-04-01
Gongju공주시公州市South Chungcheong109,750940.36116.71986-01-01
Goyang고양시高陽市Gyeonggi1,040,648267.313893.01992-02-01
Gumi구미시龜尾市North Gyeongsang420,048615.52682.41978-02-15
Gunpo군포시軍浦市Gyeonggi284,73536.367831.01989-01-01
Gunsan군산시群山市North Jeolla277,328675.38410.61949-08-15
Guri구리시九里市Gyeonggi194,29833.305834.81986-01-01
Gwacheon과천시果川市Gyeonggi62,92935.861754.91986-01-01
Gwangju광주광역시光州廣域市City-cnone1,469,583501.262931.81986-11-01
Gwangju광주시廣州市Gyeonggi328,940430.96763.32001-03-21
Gwangmyeong광명시光明市Gyeonggi339,07138.508807.01981-07-01
Gwangyang광양시光陽市South Jeolla154,164453.84339.71989-01-01
Gyeongju경주시慶州市North Gyeongsang259,2281324.39195.71955-09-01
Gyeongsan경산시慶山市North Gyeongsang257,902411.70626.41989-01-01
Gyeryong계룡시鷄龍市South Chungcheong42,73760.74703.62003-09-19
Hanam하남시河南市Gyeonggi213,02893.072288.91989-01-01
Hwaseong화성시華城市Gyeonggi644,498687.54937.42001-03-21
Icheon이천시利川市Gyeonggi210,565531.09396.51996-03-01
Iksan익산시益山市North Jeolla301,061506.70594.21949-08-15
Incheon인천광역시仁川廣域市City-cnone2,944,0091032.412851.61981-07-01
Jecheon제천시堤川市North Chungcheong136,389883.09154.41980-04-01
Jeongeup정읍시井邑市North Jeolla115,083692.93166.11981-07-01
Jeonju전주시全州市North Jeolla652,234206.223162.81949-08-15
Jeju제주시濟州市Jeju470,957977.80481.61955-09-01
Jinju진주시晋州市South Gyeongsang347,056712.62487.01949-08-15
Naju나주시羅州市South Jeolla105,080172.8608.151981-07-01
Namyangju남양주시南楊州市Gyeonggi662,183458.541444.11989-01-01
Namwon남원시南原市North Jeolla84,140752.50111.81981-07-01
Nonsan논산시論山市South Chungcheong123,094554.85221.91996-03-01
Miryang밀양시密陽市South Gyeongsang108,322799.01135.61989-01-01
Mokpo목포시木浦市South Jeolla237,46450.084741.71949-08-15
Mungyeong문경시聞慶市North Gyeongsang74,555911.1781.81986-01-01
Osan오산시烏山市Gyeonggi208,87342.764884.81989-01-01
Paju파주시坡州市Gyeonggi431,035672.57640.91996-03-01
Pocheon포천시抱川市Gyeonggi154,381826.50186.82003-10-19
Pohang포항시浦項市North Gyeongsang516,4971128.76457.61949-08-14
Pyeongtaek평택시平澤市Gyeonggi472,141454.621038.51986-01-01
Sacheon사천시泗川市South Gyeongsang114,854398.25288.41956-07-08
Sangju상주시尙州市North Gyeongsang101,7291254.8381.11986-01-01
Samcheok삼척시三陟市Gangwon70,1201185.8659.11986-01-01
Sejong세종특별자치시世宗特別自治市City-bnone244,939465.23526.52012-07-01
Seogwipo서귀포시西歸浦市Jeju171,431870.87196.91981-07-01
Seongnam성남시城南市Gyeonggi974,755141.826873.21973-07-01
Seosan서산시瑞山市South Chungcheong170,810740.66230.61989-01-01
Seoul서울특별시서울特別市City-anone9,930,478605.2716406.71946-08-16
Siheung시흥시始興市Gyeonggi403,398135.022987.71989-01-01
Sokcho속초시束草市Gangwon81,797105.00779.01963-01-01
Suncheon순천시順天市South Jeolla279,540907.41308.11949-08-14
Suwon수원시水原市Gyeonggi1,194,276121.099862.71949-08-14
Taebaek태백시太白市Gangwon46,892303.57154.51981-07-01
Tongyeong통영시統營市South Gyeongsang138,001238.85577.81955-09-01
Uijeongbu의정부시議政府市Gyeonggi438,75381.595377.51963-01-01
Uiwang의왕시義王市Gyeonggi156,41054.002896.51989-01-01
Ulsan울산광역시蔚山廣域市City-cnone1,117,6561057.501056.91997-07-15
Wonju원주시原州市Gangwon338,374872.56387.81955-09-01
Yangju양주시楊州市Gyeonggi205,977309.77664.92003-10-19
Yangsan양산시梁山市South Gyeongsang318,836485.18657.11996-03-01
Yeoju여주시驪州市Gyeonggi111,558608.64183.32013-09-23
Yeongcheon영천시永川市North Gyeongsang100,384920.29109.11981-07-01
Yeongju영주시榮州市North Gyeongsang109,281669.05163.31980-04-01
Yeosu여수시麗水市South Jeolla288,818501.27576.21949-08-14
Yongin용인시龍仁市Gyeonggi991,622591.361676.81996-03-01

Cities by population

[edit]

This is a list cities of South Korea by population including provincial-level divisions: special city (특별시/特別市) and metropolitan cities (광역시/廣域市), and municipal-level division: cities (시/市). Other municipal-level divisions: counties (군/郡 which have populations under 50K) and districts (구/區) are not included. All population data are based on the South Korean population and housing census 2000–2020.[5]

RankDivision20202015201020052000
1 Seoul(Special city)9,586,1959,904,3129,631,4829,762,5469,853,972
2Busan(Metropolitan city)3,349,0163,448,7373,393,1913,512,5473,655,437
3Incheon(Metropolitan city)2,945,4542,890,4512,632,0352,517,6802,466,338
4Daegu(Metropolitan city)2,410,7002,466,0522,431,7742,456,0162,473,990
5Daejeon(Metropolitan city)1,488,4351,538,3941,490,1581,438,5511,365,961
6Gwangju(Metropolitan city)1,477,5731,502,8811,466,1431,413,6441,350,948
7SuwonGyeonggi1,210,1501,194,3131,054,0531,039,233944,239
8Ulsan(Metropolitan city)1,135,4231,166,6151,071,6731,044,9341,012,110
9YonginGyeonggi1,066,975971,327847,138686,842384,741
10GoyangGyeonggi1,045,497990,073897,222864,402762,598
11Changwon[6]South Gyeongsang1,029,3891,059,2411,047,4881,075,3261,076,448
12SeongnamGyeonggi922,025948,757936,267931,019912,222
13Hwaseong[7]Gyeonggi880,859608,725474,160282,124185,979
14Cheongju[8]North Chungcheong855,326833,276804,119752,768701,256
15BucheonGyeonggi833,148843,794842,482833,931757,832
16AnsanGyeonggi717,345747,035699,063669,839554,998
17NamyangjuGyeonggi696,033629,061526,639424,446339,545
18CheonanSouth Chungcheong682,199629,062565,201518,171415,818
19JeonjuNorth Jeolla666,517658,172646,512622,092615,804
20GimhaeSouth Gyeongsang552,427534,124484,244428,893330,829
21PyeongtaekGyeonggi542,522457,873381,731374,262342,806
22AnyangGyeonggi542,336585,177596,772609,886578,845
23SiheungGyeonggi535,147425,184393,293384,304304,260
24PohangNorth Gyeongsang501,109511,804508,736488,433515,187
25Jeju (City)[9]Jeju (Prov.)492,306451,758398,677391,132366,809
26UijeongbuGyeonggi449,572421,579415,170397,694354,422
27GimpoGyeonggi474,546352,683217,280192,716148,576
28PajuGyeonggi460,541415,345323,955239,823177,128
29GumiNorth Gyeongsang416,603421,075399,019381,583339,457
30Gwangju[10]Gyeonggi385,141310,278224,269204,266124,789
31Sejong[11](Special autonomous city)353,933204,08880,54280,38979,745
32WonjuGangwon352,429330,854309,803283,583267,849
33JinjuSouth Gyeongsang352,403349,788335,297336,355339,413
34YangsanSouth Gyeongsang351,206297,532249,529215,845191,147
35AsanSouth Chungcheong340,518319,929272,282206,851179,900
36GwangmyeongGyeonggi298,116338,509326,418319,452333,596
37IksanNorth Jeolla285,312301,723294,479306,974322,636
38ChuncheonGangwon284,645281,596274,220260,234252,177
39GyeongsanNorth Gyeongsang283,733278,500260,643240,371226,713
40HanamGyeonggi279,795154,838137,569121,646120,149
41GunpoGyeonggi275,571285,721274,198268,917262,593
42SuncheonSouth Jeolla272,449265,390257,800261,519265,724
43YeosuSouth Jeolla271,505273,761268,727277,420303,115
44GunsanNorth Jeolla269,023275,155258,845249,212272,129
45GyeongjuNorth Gyeongsang261,778262,310252,750266,131275,132
46GeojeSouth Gyeongsang246,965261,371225,014193,398167,231
47OsanGyeonggi240,645213,840180,996131,792102,287
48Yangju[12]Gyeonggi233,286205,988183,673149,931107,440
49IcheonGyeonggi226,212209,003192,918187,514179,081
50MokpoSouth Jeolla224,509239,524248,694244,543250,336
51ChungjuNorth Chungcheong218,412211,005201,361204,248217,510
52GangneungGangwon216,542215,677217,481220,706227,856
53AnseongGyeonggi203,030194,765175,824157,632132,906
54GuriGyeonggi192,051180,063184,503186,954160,485
55Seogwipo[13]Jeju (Prov.)178,552153,861129,734139,554145,732
56SeosanSouth Chungcheong176,379169,221155,082143,692142,972
57Dangjin[14]South Chungcheong168,955163,762135,106112,267117,447
58UiwangGyeonggi160,230154,879143,378143,568117,594
59AndongNorth Gyeongsang159,412168,581165,399169,436181,974
60Pocheon[15]Gyeonggi157,939163,388136,580139,472135,758
61GwangyangSouth Jeolla143,928144,414137,100135,583132,568
62GimcheonNorth Gyeongsang139,145137,540126,823135,166147,269
63JecheonNorth Chungcheong134,768136,350133,626132,483143,537
64TongyeongSouth Gyeongsang127,984137,208127,896121,115123,747
65NonsanSouth Chungcheong119,707124,246117,686124,779137,452
66Yeoju[16]Gyeonggi113,352109,937100,05298,44197,412
67NajuSouth Jeolla113,29392,58277,82586,82399,233
68SacheonSouth Gyeongsang111,184113,335106,175106,532110,912
69Gongju[17]South Chungcheong108,333113,542120,660126,484130,223
70JeongeupNorth Jeolla106,706110,627109,458115,416128,892
71YeongjuNorth Gyeongsang103,818109,266108,268113,670126,415
72MiryangSouth Gyeongsang103,228103,06998,564105,651115,787
73YeongcheonNorth Gyeongsang100,35397,66994,350103,289110,918
74BoryeongSouth Chungcheong99,088101,85297,09196,992109,423
75SangjuNorth Gyeongsang95,47398,76097,559105,600116,365
76DongducheonGyeonggi95,23997,42490,43378,89772,366
77DonghaeGangwon87,80190,25590,32193,01896,280
78SokchoGangwon80,05479,84680,50584,70687,880
79GimjeNorth Jeolla79,73384,26982,73990,376102,428
80NamwonNorth Jeolla78,09780,49978,42585,82894,810
81MungyeongNorth Gyeongsang68,21271,86368,69270,81390,778
82SamcheokGangwon65,93969,50967,13167,95775,592
83GwacheonGyeonggi58,01864,81766,31956,58766,592
84TaebaekGangwon41,49446,71551,40055,24154,164
85Gyeryong[18]South Chungcheong40,85439,24341,39531,64627,104

Renamed cities

[edit]
BeforeHangulHanjaAfterHangulHanjaRenamed date
Chungmu충무시忠武市Tongyeong통영시統營市1995-01-01
Daecheon대천시大川市Boryeong보령시保寧市1995-01-01
Donggwangyang동광양시東光陽市Gwangyang광양시光陽市1995-01-01
Geumseong금성시錦城市Naju나주시羅州市1986-01-01
Gyeongseong경성부京城府Seoul서울특별시서울特別市1949-08-15
Iri이리시裡里市Iksan익산시益山市1995-05-10
Jangseungpo장승포시長承浦市Geoje거제시巨濟市1995-01-01
Jeomchon점촌시店村市Mungyeong문경시聞慶市1995-01-01
Jeongju정주시井州市Jeongeup정읍시井邑市1995-01-01
Migeum미금시渼金市Namyangju남양주시南楊州市1995-01-01
Onyang온양시溫陽市Asan아산시牙山市1995-01-01
Samcheonpo삼천포시三千浦市Sacheon사천시泗川市1995-05-10

Dissolved cities

[edit]
CityHangulHanjaFoundedDissolvedMerged division
Busan부산부釜山府1914-03-011949-08-15upgraded into a city (; )
Busan부산시釜山市1949-08-151963-01-01upgraded into a Directly administered city and changed into a Metropolitan city in 1995-01-01
Cheongju청주부淸州府1946-06-011949-08-15upgraded into a city (; )
Chuncheon춘천부春川府1946-06-011949-08-15upgraded into a city (; )
Daegu대구부大邱府1914-03-011949-08-15upgraded into a city (; )
Daegu대구시大邱市1949-08-151981-07-01upgraded into a Directly administered city and changed into a Metropolitan city in 1995-01-01
Daejeon대전부大田府1935-10-011949-08-15upgraded into a city (; )
Daejeon대전시大田市1949-08-151989-01-01upgraded into a Directly administered city and changed into a Metropolitan city in 1995-01-01
Gunsan군산부群山府1914-03-011949-08-15upgraded into a city (; )
Gwangju광주부光州府1935-10-011949-08-15upgraded into a city (; )
Gwangju광주시光州市1949-08-151986-11-01upgraded into a Directly administered city and changed into a Metropolitan city in 1995-01-01
Gyeongseong경성부京城府1914-03-011946-08-16upgraded into a Special independent city and changed into a Special city in 1949-08-15
Incheon인천부仁川府1914-03-011949-08-15upgraded into a city (; )
Incheon인천시仁川市1949-08-151981-07-01upgraded into a Directly administered city and changed into a Metropolitan city in 1995-01-01
Iri이리부裡里府1947-02-231949-08-15upgraded into a city (; )
Jeonju전주부全州府1935-10-011949-08-15upgraded into a city (; )
Jinhae진해시鎭海市1955-09-012010-07-01merged into Changwon
Jinju진주부晋州府1939-10-011949-08-15upgraded into a city (; )
Masan마산부馬山府1914-03-011949-08-15upgraded into a city (; )
Masan마산시馬山市1949-08-152010-07-01merged into Changwon
Mokpo목포부木浦府1914-03-011949-08-15upgraded into a city (; )
Songjeong송정시松汀市1986-11-011988-01-01merged into Gwangju
Songtan송탄시松炭市1981-07-011995-05-10merged into Pyeongtaek
Ulsan울산시蔚山市1962-06-011997-07-15upgraded into a Metropolitan city
Yeocheon여천시麗川市1986-01-011998-04-01merged into Yeosu

Claimed cities

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CityHangulHanjaProvinceFounded
Cheongjin청진시淸津市North Hamgyeong1949-05-23
Gaeseong개성시開城市Gyeonggi*1949-05-23
Haeju해주시海州市Hwanghae1949-05-23
Hamheung함흥시咸興市South Hamgyeong1949-05-23
Heungnam흥남시興南市South Hamgyeong1949-05-23
Jinnampo진남포시鎭南浦市South Pyeongan1949-05-23
Najin나진시羅津市North Hamgyeong1949-05-23
Pyeongyang평양시平壤市South Pyeongan1949-05-23
Sariwon사리원시沙里院市Hwanghae1949-05-23
Seongjin성진시城津市North Hamgyeong1949-05-23
Sinuiju신의주시新義州市North Pyeongan1949-05-23
Songnim송림시松林市Hwanghae1949-05-23
Wonsan원산시元山市South Hamgyeong1949-05-23
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See also

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References

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  1. ^ 지방자치법 [Local Autonomy Act] (As Amended by Law 18661). 28 December 2021. An English translation is available from the Korea Legislative Research Institute, but is out of date: Local Autonomy Act (As Amended by Law 16057). 24 December 2018. Article 7 of the 2018 version of the law is similar in content to Article 10 of the 2021 version of the law, aside from cross-references to other articles.
  2. ^ Article 3, Local Autonomy Act (2021). Article 3 of the 2018 version of the law has similar provisions.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Article 198, Local Autonomy Act (2021). Article 175 of the 2018 version of the law has similar provisions but is less detailed.
  4. ^ "제주시 1월부터 법률상 자격없는 인구 50만 대도시". Jeju Sori. 23 December 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2022. See also Special Act on the Establishment of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province and the Development of Free International City (As Amended by Law 17883). 5 January 2021.
  5. ^ Population Census, Korean Statistical Information Service, 2000–2020, Statistics Korea
  6. ^ Includes former city Masan and Jinhae.
  7. ^ Includes former county Hwaseong.
  8. ^ Includes former county Cheongwon. Some villages of Cheongwon are out to merge with Sejong. Numbers before 2010 contain populations of those villages.
  9. ^ Includes former county Bukjeju (North Jeju).
  10. ^ Includes former county Gwangju.
  11. ^ Includes former county Yeongi; Current Sejong city contains some villages from Gongju and former county Cheongwon, North Chungcheong, and the population statistics of Yeongi county did not contain populations of those villages.
  12. ^ Includes former county Yangju.
  13. ^ Includes former county Namjeju (South Jeju).
  14. ^ Includes former county Dangjin.
  15. ^ Includes former county Pocheon.
  16. ^ Includes former county Yeoju.
  17. ^ Some villages are out to merge with Sejong. Numbers before 2010 contain populations of those villages.
  18. ^ Includes former Gyeryong branch office of Nonsan city.

Sources

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