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| Coordinates: 40 ° 7´18 ″ с.ш. 20 ° 1´39 ″ E / 40,12167 ° N 20,02750 ° E | |
| Country |  Albania |
| County | Gjirokastër |
| Municipality | Gjirokastër |
| Municipal unit | Cepo |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Кардхик - деревня в бывшей Сепо коммуне , округ Гирокастра , Албания . [ 1 ] На реформе местного самоуправления 2015 года это стало частью муниципалитета Gjirokastër . [ 2 ] Деревня населена как мусульманскими , так и православными христианскими албанцами , которые говорят на Tosk диалекте албанца . [ 3 ] Замок Кардхик расположен недалеко от деревни.
Имя
[ редактировать ]Топоним Kardhiq используется для нескольких мест в Албании. [ 4 ] Он встречается в нескольких местах Балкан, в форме Гардика, Гардики (в Греции), Грагк. Топоним славянского происхождения и проистекает из слова для «Замка». [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ]
История
[ редактировать ]Гарнизон эпохи эпохи был построен в Кардхике как часть системы обогащения Чаонии , в северо -западной части Эпира [ 8 ]
In late 14th century and early 15th century, the Kardhiq Castle was built by the noble Albanian Zenebishi. family.[9] Kardhiq had around 30 households in 1431–1432. Ottoman explorer Evliya Çelebi recorded 150 homes in the 17th century.[10]
In 1811, Kardhiq, whose inhabitants were known for their military prowess, had taken in one of Ali Pasha's political opponents, Ibrahim Pasha. Eventually, Ali managed to have the village hand over Ibrahim via presents and promises. In that same year, French agents had brought money and gunpowder to Gjirokastër in order to incite rebellion against Ali, whom the French had politically opposed. This rebellion was led by the chieftains of Kardhiq, Gjirokastër and Delvinë, and in October 1811, the rebels managed to inflict a heavy defeat on Ali's troops. Although the inhabitants of Gjirokastër eventually surrendered, the inhabitants of Kardhiq continued the resistance, and so Ali Pasha began a long siege of the village.[11]
In December 1811, the men of Kardhiq offered to surrender on the condition that they be allowed to emigrate to Corfu; Ali refused, and the siege continued. On 21 February 1812, the village finally fell, with at least 300 defenders having been killed in the final assault. Ali Pasha ordered the massacre due to a long-standing vendetta he had with the village; it was said that after his father had died whilst Ali was a child and his family's power subsequently diminished, the men of Kardhiq captured his mother, raped her and humiliated her by forcing her to walk through the streets with a man on her back. As such, on 15 March 1812, Ali ordered that nearly 800 captives be taken to a roadside inn with a large courtyard. Some of the captives were taken away for slavery, but the vast majority were massacred in the courtyard. This massacre was carried out by Thanasis Vagias.[12][13][14] During the massacre, Ali Pasha spared the family of an imam from Kolonjë due to his friendship with the man; the family consisted of about 30 men who were allowed to continue sowing the fields until they were eventually permitted to return and repopulate village. From then onwards, the village would recover well, and the Albanian inhabitants of Kardhiq were primarily engaged in mercenary activities during that period.[15]
Notable people
[edit]- Hasan Dosti,(1895 – January 29, 1991) Born in Kardhiq, he was a famous jurist and Balli Kombëtar leader
- Çerçiz Topulli,(20 September 1880 – 17 July 1915) Albanian revolutionary and guerrilla fighter involved in the national movement against the Ottoman occupation. His mother Hasije, daughter of Laze Mullai was from Kardhiq.
- Bajo Topulli (1868 – 24 July 1930), born Bajram Fehmi Topulli, was an Albanian nationalist figure of the Albanian National Awakening. Bajo was the older brother of Çerçiz Topulli. His mother Hasije, daughter of Laze Mullai was from Kardhiq.
References
[edit]- ^ "Location of Kardhiq". Retrieved 2010-06-03.
- ^ "Law nr. 115/2014" (PDF) (in Albanian). p. 6371. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
- ^ Kallivretakis, Leonidas (1995). "Η ελληνική κοινότητα της Αλβανίας υπό το πρίσμα της ιστορικής γεωγραφίας και δημογραφίας [The Greek Community of Albania in terms of historical geography and demography]." In Nikolakopoulos, Ilias, Kouloubis Theodoros A. & Thanos M. Veremis (eds). Ο Ελληνισμός της Αλβανίας [The Greeks of Albania]. University of Athens. p. 51. " ΑΧ Αλβανοί Ορθόδοξοι Χριστιανοί, AM Αλβανοί Μουσουλμάνοι" p.56. "KARDHIQ ΓΑΡΔΙΚΙ 225 ΑΜ + ΑΧ"
- ^ Çabej, E. Studime gjuhësore: Hyrje në historinë e gjuhës shqipe. Fonetika historike. Parashtesat. Rilindja. p. 258.
- ^ Koder Johannes. "Albanians and Byzantines. Aproaches to the Study of their common cultural past." In: Iliria, vol. 39, 2015. pp. 7-24; doi : https://doi.org/10.3406/iliri.2015.2497p. 13
- ^ Koder Johannes, "On the Slavic Immigration in the Byzantine Balkans", p. 86, at https://brill.com
- ^ Menges, K.H. (1953). An Outline of the Early History and Migrations of the Slavs. Department of Slavic Languages, Columbia University. p. 21.
- ^ De Maria, Sandro; Bogdani, Jylian; Giorgi, Enrico (2017). "Ricerca e tutela in un territorio di frontiera. L'Epiro del Nord fra età ellenistica e presenza di Roma". In Gianluca Mastrocinque (ed.). Paesaggi mediterranei di età romana. Archeologia, tutela, comunicazione. Bibliotheca archaeologica. Vol. 47. Edipuglia. p. 55. doi:10.4475/835. ISBN 978-88-7228-835-1. ISSN 1724-8523.
- ^ Karaiskaj, Gjerak (1981). Pesë mijë vjet fortifikime në Shqipëri (in Albanian). Shtëpia Botuese "8 Nëntori". p. 148.
Zenevisët kryen punime në kalanë e Gjirokastrës dhe ndërtuan Kardhiqin
- ^ Риза, Эмин; Thomom, Pyllor (1984). Характеристики . Культура Поплор (3): 45–74.
- ^ Малкольм, Ноэль (2020). Повстанцы, верующие, выжившие: исследования в истории албанцев (1 -е изд.). Оксфорд (ГБ): издательство Оксфордского университета. С. 212–213. ISBN 9780198857297 .
- ^ Сантас, Константин (1976). Аристотелис Валаоорит . Бостон, Массачусетс: издатели Твейн. п. 67. ISBN 978-0-8057-6246-4 Полем
Танасис Вайайс, мужчина, который якобы возглавил орды Али -Паша против деревни Эпирус, Гардики, что привело к бойни семисот мужчин, женщин и детей.
- ^ Поттс, Джим (2010). Ионические острова и Эпирус: культурная история . Издательство Оксфордского университета. С. 158–159. ISBN 9780199754168 .
- ^ Малкольм, Ноэль (2020). Повстанцы, верующие, выжившие: исследования в истории албанцев (1 -е изд.). Оксфорд (ГБ): издательство Оксфордского университета. п. 218. ISBN 9780198857297 .
- ^ Элси, Роберт; Джордж фон Хан, Иоганн (2015). Открытие Албании . С. 21, 28–29. ISBN 9781786739735 .
Подразделения Gjirokastra муниципалитета |
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