1994 Баскские региональные выборы

1994 Баскские региональные выборы
Все 75 мест в баскском парламенте ; 38 мест, необходимых для большинства
	Опросы мнений
Зарегистрированный	1,749,250 3.6%
Оказаться	1,044,085 (59.7%) ; 1,3 стр
	Vote winner strength by constituencyElection result by constituencyShow all
Lehendakari before election; José Antonio Ardanza; EAJ/PNV	Elected Lehendakari ; José Antonio Ardanza; EAJ/PNV

Баскские региональные выборы 1994 года состоялись в воскресенье, 23 октября 1994 года, чтобы избрать 5 -й парламент баскского автономного сообщества . Все 75 мест в парламенте были на выборах.

Баскская националистическая партия (EAJ/PNV) выиграла 22 места, Социалистическая партия Баскской страны (PSE -PSOE) заняла второе место с 12 местами, единство людей (HB) и Народной партией (PP) выиграли по 11 мест каждый. Басская солидарность (EA) выиграла 8 мест.

Это были также первые выборы в баскскую парламент, которые Социалистическая партия и Баскская страна оставила (ЭЭ) партию, оспариваемую как единую партию.

Overview

Electoral system

The Basque Parliament was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of the Basque Country, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Basque Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a lehendakari.^[1] Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in the Basque Country and in full enjoyment of their political rights.

The 75 members of the Basque Parliament were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Álava, Biscay and Guipúzcoa, with each being allocated a fixed number of 25 seats in order to provide for an equal parliamentary representation of the three provinces, as required under the regional statute of autonomy.^[1]^[2]

Election date

The term of the Basque Parliament expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Gazette of the Basque Country (BOPV), with election day taking place between the fifty-fourth and the sixtieth day from publication. The previous election was held on 28 October 1990, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 28 October 1994. The election decree was required to be published in the BOPV no later than 4 October 1994, with the election taking place up to the sixtieth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Saturday, 3 December 1994.^[1]^[2]

The lehendakari had the prerogative to dissolve the Basque Parliament at any given time and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a lehendakari within a sixty-day period from the Parliament re-assembly, the Parliament was to be dissolved and a fresh election called.^[3]

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.^[2]^[4]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy		Parties and alliances	Leading candidate		Ideology	Previous result		Gov.	Ref.
Candidacy		Parties and alliances	Leading candidate		Ideology	Votes (%)	Seats	Gov.	Ref.
	EAJ/PNV	List Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)		José Antonio Ardanza	Basque nationalism Christian democracy Conservative liberalism	28.28%	22	Y
	PSE–EE (PSOE)	List Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))		Ramón Jáuregui	Social democracy	27.51%^[a]	22	Y
	HB	List Popular Unity (HB) – Basque Nationalist Action (EAE/ANV)		Karmelo Landa	Basque independence Abertzale left Revolutionary socialism	18.20%	13	N
	EA	List Eusko Alkartasuna (EA)		Carlos Garaikoetxea	Basque nationalism Social democracy	11.30%	9	N
	PP	List People's Party (PP)		Jaime Mayor Oreja	Conservatism Christian democracy	8.17%	6	N
	UA	List Alavese Unity (UA)		Enriqueta Benito	Alavese regionalism Christian democracy	1.40%	3	N
	IU/EB	List United Left (IU/EB)		Javier Madrazo	Socialism Communism	1.41%	0	N

Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 38 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Basque Parliament.

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Turnout	PNV					EE			Lead
Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Turnout									Lead

1994 regional election	23 Oct 1994	—	59.7	29.3 22	16.8 12	16.0 11	10.1 8	14.2 11	^[b]	9.0 6	2.7 5	12.5

Demoscopia/El País^{[p 1]}^{[p 2]}	16 Oct 1994	?	60	33.3 24/25	16.9 12/14	15.7 12	9.9 6	13.3 10/11	^[b]	7.6 5	2.1 4	16.4
Sigma Dos/El Mundo^{[p 3]}^{[p 2]}	16 Oct 1994	?	?	30.0 22/23	17.7 13/15	14.8 11	9.5 7	14.7 12	^[b]	8.2 6/7	1.3 2/3	12.3
Bergareche/El Correo^{[p 2]}	16 Oct 1994	?	?	? 22	? 13	? 11	? 6	? 11	^[b]	? 8	? 4	?
ICP Research/Diario 16^{[p 2]}	16 Oct 1994	?	?	33.0 23/24	18.0 14/16	16.0 10/11	9.0 7/8	14.0 10/12	^[b]	8.0 5	2.0 3	15.0
Ikerfel/PSE–EE^{[p 4]}	10–13 Oct 1994	1,700	?	? 22	? 16/17	? 10/11	? 7	? 9	^[b]	? 6	? 4	?
CIS^{[p 5]}^{[p 6]}	7–13 Oct 1994	1,495	60.5	36.1	16.1	15.4	10.3	12.1	^[b]	6.9	1.3	20.0
Deia^{[p 7]}	12 Oct 1994	?	?	? 23	? 15	–	–	? 11	^[b]	–	–	?
Basque Government	1–10 Oct 1994	?	?	? 23/24	? 12/14	? 11/13	? 6/8	? 9/10	^[b]	? 5/7	? 4	?
Opina/La Vanguardia^{[p 8]}	29 Sep–1 Oct 1994	2,000	?	32.5 24/25	16.5 14/15	12.5 11/12	8.0 5/6	12.0 11	^[b]	7.0 5/6	2.5 2/3	16.0
Basque Government^{[p 9]}	27 Sep 1994	?	?	? 24	? 15	? 11	? 7	? 10	^[b]	? 5	? 3	?
CIS^{[p 10]}^{[p 11]}	13–20 Sep 1994	1,490	64.7	37.4	17.4	16.3	9.9	9.7	^[b]	7.0	1.4	20.0
Demoscopia/PP^{[p 12]}^{[p 13]}	6–12 Jul 1994	2,400	63	32.8 24/25	16.3 13	15.0 11/12	8.4 5/6	12.4 9/11	^[b]	9.4 6	1.6 3	16.5
1994 EP election	12 Jun 1994	—	52.3	25.9 (19)	18.3 (16)	15.6 (11)	8.7 (6)	17.5 (16)	^[b]	9.6 (7)	–	7.6
Bergareche/El Correo^{[p 14]}	16 Apr 1994	?	?	26.9	20.1	15.9	–	15.8	^[b]	–	–	6.5
CIS^{[p 15]}	28 Mar 1994	?	?	? 17/18	? 20/22	? 10	? 8	? 12/14	^[b]	? 1/2	? 4/5	?
Basque Government^{[p 16]}	10–15 Jan 1994	?	?	28.7 22	19.2 16	17.0 12	11.5 9	9.5 9	^[b]	1.6 2	1.5 4	9.5
PNV^{[p 17]}	9 Jan 1994	?	?	? 17	? 21	? 13	? 7	? 12	^[b]	? 2	? 3	?
1993 general election	6 Jun 1993	—	69.7	24.1 (18)	24.5 (20)	14.6 (11)	9.8 (7)	14.7 (12)	^[b]	6.3 (4)	1.4 (3)	0.4
1991 foral elections	26 May 1991	—	59.0	29.6 (23)	19.7 (16)	17.4 (13)	12.4 (10)	8.0 (5)	6.9 (3)	1.8 (0)	2.2 (5)	9.9
1991 local elections	26 May 1991	—	59.3	29.8	19.4	17.3	11.9	7.6	6.8	1.7	2.1	10.4

1990 regional election	28 Oct 1990	—	61.0	28.3 22	19.8 16	18.2 13	11.3 9	8.2 6	7.7 6	1.4 0	1.4 3	8.5

Results

Overall

← Summary of the 23 October 1994 Basque Parliament election results →
Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats

Parties and alliances		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	304,346	29.32	+1.04	22	±0
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))¹	174,682	16.83	–10.68	12	–10
	Popular Unity (HB)	166,147	16.01	–2.19	11	–2
	People's Party (PP)	146,960	14.16	+5.99	11	+5
	Basque Solidarity (EA)	105,136	10.13	–1.17	8	–1
	United Left (IU/EB)	93,291	8.99	+7.58	6	+6
	Alavese Unity (UA)	27,797	2.68	+1.28	5	+2
	Coalition for a New Socialist Party (NPS)²	1,462	0.14	+0.07	0	±0
Blank ballots		18,080	1.74	+1.00

Total		1,037,901			75	±0

Valid votes		1,037,901	99.41	–0.09
Invalid votes		6,184	0.59	+0.09
Votes cast / turnout		1,044,085	59.69	–1.30
Abstentions		705,165	40.31	+1.30
Registered voters		1,749,250

Sources^[5]^[6]
Footnotes: ¹ Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left results are compared to the combined totals of the Socialist Party of the Basque Country and Basque Country Left in the 1990 election. ² Coalition for a New Socialist Party results are compared to Alliance for the Republic totals in the 1990 election.

Popular vote

EAJ/PNV			29.32%
PSE–EE (PSOE)			16.83%
HB			16.01%
PP			14.16%
EA			10.13%
IU/EB			8.99%
UA			2.68%
CNPS			0.14%
Blank ballots			1.74%

Seats

EAJ/PNV			29.33%
PSE–EE (PSOE)			16.00%
HB			14.67%
PP			14.67%
EA			10.66%
IU/EB			8.00%
UA			6.67%

Distribution by constituency

Constituency	PNV		PSE–EE		HB		PP		EA		IU/EB		UA

	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S
Álava	21.8	6	15.6	4	10.1	2	15.9	4	7.2	2	9.1	2	18.5	5
Biscay	35.1	10	17.4	4	13.4	3	15.0	4	7.1	2	10.0	2	0.3	–
Guipúzcoa	22.3	6	16.4	4	23.1	6	11.9	3	16.7	4	7.1	2	0.3	–
Total	29.3	22	16.8	12	16.0	11	14.2	11	10.1	8	9.0	6	2.7	5

Sources^[5]^[6]

Aftermath

Ballot →		29 December 1994
Investiture
Required majority →		38 out of 75
	José Antonio Ardanza (PNV) • PNV (22) • PSE–EE (12) • EA (8)	42 / 75	Y
	Blank ballots • PP (11) • IU/EB (6) • UA (5)	22 / 75
	Absentees • HB (11)	11 / 75
Sources^[5]

Notes

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Results for PSE–PSOE (19.79%, 16 seats) and EE (7.72%, 6 seats) in the 1990 election.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s Within PSE–EE (PSOE).

References

Opinion poll sources

^ "Suben PNV e IU, y el PP duplica su representación". El País (in Spanish). 16 October 1994.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d "Los sondeos electorales coinciden en el aumento del PP y una gran caída del PSOE". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 16 October 1994.
^ "El PP se convierte en la tercera fuerza política de Euskadi, superando a HB". El Mundo (in Spanish). 16 October 1994.
^ "Jáuregui apela a los votantes de Euskadiko Ezkerra para compensar la caída del PSOE". ABC (in Spanish). 17 October 1994.
^ "Preelectoral País Vasco 1994 (Estudio nº 2116. Octubre 1994)". CIS (in Spanish). 13 October 1994.
^ "Estudio CIS nº 2116. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 13 October 1994.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ "El PP será la tercera fuerza política, según Deia". ABC (in Spanish). 13 October 1994.
^ "El PNV se consolida como el primer partido del País Vasco y se distancia de sus rivales". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 October 1994.
^ "Encuesta electoral: PNV gana, suben PP e IU y bajan PSE y HB". ABC (in Spanish). 27 September 1994.
^ "Situación y perspectivas electorales País Vasco (Estudio nº 2114. Septiembre 1994)". CIS (in Spanish). 20 September 1994.
^ "Estudio CIS nº 2114. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 20 September 1994.
^ "Una encuesta da al PNV mayoría clara, descenso del PSE y HB y alzas de PP e IU". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 31 August 1994.
^ "Una encuesta refleja la subida del PP y PNV en las elecciones". ABC (in Spanish). 31 August 1994.
^ "El PP duplicará sus votos en el País Vasco". ABC (in Spanish). 17 April 1994.
^ "Guerra preelectoral de encuestas". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 28 March 1994.
^ "El PP aumenta su peso electoral en el País Vasco y podría obtener nueve escaños". ABC (in Spanish). 5 February 1994.
^ "Un sondeo que pronostica al PNV el hundimiento electoral propició su radicalización nacionalista". ABC (in Spanish). 9 January 1994.

Other

^ Подпрыгнуть до: ^а ^{беременный} ^в Органический закон 3/1979, от 18 декабря, Статут автономии для Баскской страны (Органический закон 3) (на испанском). 18 декабря 1979 года . Получено 17 июля 2017 года .
^ Подпрыгнуть до: ^а ^{беременный} ^в Закон 5/1990, от 15 июня, о выборах в баскскую парламент (закон 5) (по -испански). 15 июня 1990 года . Получено 17 июля 2017 года .
^ Закон 7/1981, от 30 июня, о правительственном праве (закон 7) (по -испански). 30 июня 1981 года . Получено 17 июля 2017 года .
^ Органический закон 5/1985, от 19 июня, режима общего избирательного режима (Органический закон 5) (на испанском). 19 июня 1985 года . Получено 28 декабря 2016 года .
^ Подпрыгнуть до: ^а ^{беременный} ^в «Выборы в парламент Басско / Eusko legebinbity (1980 - 2020)» . Electrical.com (на испанском) . Отступление 24 июня 2017 года .
^ Подпрыгнуть до: ^а ^{беременный} «Архив результатов выборов» . Euskadi.eus (на испанском). Баскское правительство . Получено 24 сентября 2017 года .

[PSE+EE-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b Results for PSE–PSOE (19.79%, 16 seats) and EE (7.72%, 6 seats) in the 1990 election.

[PSE-6] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s Within PSE–EE (PSOE).

[7] "Suben PNV e IU, y el PP duplica su representación". El País (in Spanish). 16 October 1994.

[ABC-8] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d "Los sondeos electorales coinciden en el aumento del PP y una gran caída del PSOE". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 16 October 1994.

[9] "El PP se convierte en la tercera fuerza política de Euskadi, superando a HB". El Mundo (in Spanish). 16 October 1994.

[10] "Jáuregui apela a los votantes de Euskadiko Ezkerra para compensar la caída del PSOE". ABC (in Spanish). 17 October 1994.

[11] "Preelectoral País Vasco 1994 (Estudio nº 2116. Octubre 1994)". CIS (in Spanish). 13 October 1994.

[12] "Estudio CIS nº 2116. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 13 October 1994.^{[permanent dead link]}

[13] "El PP será la tercera fuerza política, según Deia". ABC (in Spanish). 13 October 1994.

[14] "El PNV se consolida como el primer partido del País Vasco y se distancia de sus rivales". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 October 1994.

[15] "Encuesta electoral: PNV gana, suben PP e IU y bajan PSE y HB". ABC (in Spanish). 27 September 1994.

[16] "Situación y perspectivas electorales País Vasco (Estudio nº 2114. Septiembre 1994)". CIS (in Spanish). 20 September 1994.

[17] "Estudio CIS nº 2114. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 20 September 1994.

[18] "Una encuesta da al PNV mayoría clara, descenso del PSE y HB y alzas de PP e IU". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 31 August 1994.

[19] "Una encuesta refleja la subida del PP y PNV en las elecciones". ABC (in Spanish). 31 August 1994.

[20] "El PP duplicará sus votos en el País Vasco". ABC (in Spanish). 17 April 1994.

[21] "Guerra preelectoral de encuestas". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 28 March 1994.

[22] "El PP aumenta su peso electoral en el País Vasco y podría obtener nueve escaños". ABC (in Spanish). 5 February 1994.

[23] "Un sondeo que pronostica al PNV el hundimiento electoral propició su radicalización nacionalista". ABC (in Spanish). 9 January 1994.

[BasSoA-2] Подпрыгнуть до: ^а ^{беременный} ^в Органический закон 3/1979, от 18 декабря, Статут автономии для Баскской страны (Органический закон 3) (на испанском). 18 декабря 1979 года . Получено 17 июля 2017 года .

[BasELaw-3] Подпрыгнуть до: ^а ^{беременный} ^в Закон 5/1990, от 15 июня, о выборах в баскскую парламент (закон 5) (по -испански). 15 июня 1990 года . Получено 17 июля 2017 года .

[4] Закон 7/1981, от 30 июня, о правительственном праве (закон 7) (по -испански). 30 июня 1981 года . Получено 17 июля 2017 года .

[SpaELaw-5] Органический закон 5/1985, от 19 июня, режима общего избирательного режима (Органический закон 5) (на испанском). 19 июня 1985 года . Получено 28 декабря 2016 года .

[HE-24] Подпрыгнуть до: ^а ^{беременный} ^в «Выборы в парламент Басско / Eusko legebinbity (1980 - 2020)» . Electrical.com (на испанском) . Отступление 24 июня 2017 года .

[ResultsEus-25] Подпрыгнуть до: ^а ^{беременный} «Архив результатов выборов» . Euskadi.eus (на испанском). Баскское правительство . Получено 24 сентября 2017 года .

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v Т и Выборы и референдумы в стране Баскской
Regional elections	1980 1984 1986 1990 1994 1998 2001 2005 2009 2012 2016 2020 2024
General elections	1977 1979 1982 1986 1989 1993 1996 2000 2004 2008 2011 2015 2016 2019 (Apr) 2019 (Nov) 2023
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Foral elections	1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023
Local elections	1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023
Referendums	1933 1979

v Т и ( ← 1980 -е ) Региональные выборы в Испании в 1990 -х годах ( → 2000 -е )
1990	June: Andalusia October: Basque Country
1991	May: Aragon Asturias Balearic Islands Canary Islands Cantabria Castile and León Castilla–La Mancha Extremadura La Rioja Madrid Murcia Navarre Valencian Community
1992	March: Catalonia
1993	October: Galicia
1994	June: Andalusia October: Basque Country
1995	May: Aragon Asturias Balearic Islands Canary Islands Cantabria Castile and León Castilla–La Mancha Ceuta Extremadura La Rioja Madrid Melilla Murcia Navarre Valencian Community November: Catalonia
1996	March: Andalusia
1997	October: Galicia
1998	October: Basque Country
1999	May: Aragon Asturias Balearic Islands Canary Islands Cantabria Castile and León Castilla–La Mancha Ceuta Extremadura La Rioja Madrid Melilla Murcia Navarre Valencian Community October: Catalonia