Gaius vibius pansa caetronianus
Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus (умер 23 апреля 43 г. до н.э.) был консулом Римской Республики в 43 г. до н.э. Несмотря на то, что он поддерживал Гайуса Юлия Цезаря во время гражданской войны , он настаивал на восстановлении Республики после смерти Цезаря . Он умер от травм, полученных в битве при форуме Gallorum .
Ранняя карьера
[ редактировать ]Панса был сыном Денежного Гая Вибиус Панса. [ 1 ] Один из первых членов Gens Vibia для достижения политического успеха, он был Novus Homo , который поднялся через Cursus Honorum в результате его дружбы с Юлиусом Цезарем , под которым он служил в Галлии . [ 2 ] Первоначально от этрусского происхождения и родом из Перусии (современная Перуджа ), [ 3 ] и, возможно, из семьи, которая была запрещена под руководством Люциуса Корнелиуса Сулла , [ 4 ] Самнер предположил, что он был первоначально из Caetronia Gens , но был принят Mather Gaius Vibius Pansa. [ 5 ]
Pansa была избрана Plebeian Tribune в 51 году до нашей эры, где он наложил вето на ряд анти-кезареровских решений Сената . [ 6 ] Во время гражданской войны между Юлиусом Цезарем и Помпеем он активно поддерживал причину кесареев. В 48 г. до н.э. считается, что он был избран либо в качестве Адила , либо в качестве претора . [ 7 ]
В 47 году до н.э. Пана была назначена губернатором Bithynia et Pontus и вернулся в Рим где -то в течение 46 г. до н.э. [ 8 ] В том же году Цезарь назначил Пансу губернатором Цизальпийской Галлии , чтобы заменить Маркуса Юниуса Брута , пост, который он занял 15 марта 45 г. до н.э. [9] Around this time, he was also elected to the post of augur, one of the priests of Ancient Rome.[10] In early 44 BC, Caesar designated him as the consul for the upcoming year (43 BC)[11] and sometime before 21 April 44 BC, Pansa had returned from Cisalpine Gaul, and was based at Campania, waiting for the situation at Rome to settle down after the assassination of Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC.[12]
The luxurious villa-estate at Ossaia near Cortona was probably owned by him, as part of the gens Vibia.[13]
Recognised as a moderate man and a supporter of peaceful compromise,[14] upon his return to Rome, Pansa became the leader of the moderate Caesareans and one of the leading proponents for the return of the Republic, which put him on a collision course with Marcus Antonius, whom Pansa began to oppose by late 44 BC.[15] He had also begun entering into discussions with Octavianus, Julius Caesar’s adopted son, who was also in Campania at the same time as Pansa.[16] Nevertheless, Pansa was not totally hostile to Marcus Antonius, and while he wanted to limit Antonius’s power, he did not want to destroy him totally, nor was he willing to embrace the anti-Caesarean faction in the Senate and begin a new round of civil wars.[17] Added to this was the fact that Pansa was married to Fufia, the daughter of Quintus Fufius Calenus, who was a key supporter of Antonius.[18]
Consulship and death
[edit]On 1 January 43 BC, Pansa became consul along with Aulus Hirtius. They opened the debate in the Senate about what course of action was to be taken, if any, against Marcus Antonius. The discussion lasted four days; Pansa’s preference was to unite the Caesarean factions and restore harmony to the Republic, but to no avail.[19] Octavianus refused to co-operate with Antonius, while Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Lucius Munatius Plancus continued to support Antonius. The end result was the Senate legitimised the army of Octavianus, and assigned him to work alongside Pansa and Hirtius in their upcoming fight against Antonius.[20] The Senate, rejecting Antonius’s compromises, directed the consuls to do whatever was necessary to preserve the security of the Republic and relieve Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus at Mutina. Although Pansa, along with Lucius Julius Caesar successfully prevented Antonius being declared an Enemy of the state, a state of war was declared.[21]
When discussing the state of affairs in the east under Gaius Cassius Longinus and Brutus, Pansa supported the motion to declare the Caesarean Publius Cornelius Dolabella a public enemy, but managed to deny Cicero’s proposal to grant Cassius extraordinary powers in the east to deal with Dolabella.[22] He also legitimised Marcus Junius Brutus’s command in Macedonia, and gave official recognition to Sextus Pompey in Sicily.[23] With the Senate revoking much of the Lex Antonia, especially the contentious Lex Antonia Agraria, Pansa was forced to push through measures which confirmed the colonies for Caesar’s veterans, as well as confirming many of Caesar’s acts and the abolition of the office of Dictator.[24]
All this time Pansa was also responsible for raising fresh levies in order to deal with Antonius. By 19 March 43 BC, Pansa was marching north with four legions of recruits, seeking to join up with Octavianus and Hirtius who were attempting to pin Antonius at Mutina.[25] Antonius, hearing of Pansa's approach, intercepted him on 14 April 43 BC at the Forum Gallorum, some seven miles south-east of Mutina. Antonius crushed Pansa’s army, and Pansa was wounded during the battle. He only managed to escape when Hirtius’s army surprised Antonius on the battlefield, forcing Antonius to flee.[26] For his actions, Pansa (along with Octavianus and Hirtius) was proclaimed imperator by the Senate.[27]
It was soon clear that Pansa was dying. He lived long enough to hear of Antonius’s second defeat at Mutina on 21 April, and the death of his consular colleague Hirtius during the battle. In his last hours he advised Octavianus not to trust Cicero and the rest of the Senate, and that they would turn on him at the first available opportunity.[28] Pansa transferred command of his troops over to his quaestor, Manlius Torquatus, who arrested Pansa’s doctor, Glyco, on suspicion of having poisoned Pansa.[29] Pansa died on 23 April 43 BC and received a magnificent public burial.[30]
Notes
[edit]- ^ National Museums Scotland
- ^ Syme, pg. 71; Anthon & Smith, pg. 601
- ^ see Syme, pg. 90 – his second cognomen Caetronianus is Etruscan in origin
- ^ Syme, pg. 71, referencing Dio, 45:17:1
- ^ Sumner, G.V. (1971). "The Lex Annalis under Caesar". Phoenix. 25 (3): 255. doi:10.2307/1087361. JSTOR 1087361.
- ^ Broughton, pg. 240; Syme, pg. 71; Anthon & Smith, pg. 601
- ^ Based upon the coins he issued during that year – see Broughton, pgs. 257 & 273, & Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, Vol III, pg. 219
- ^ Broughton, pg. 298
- ^ Broughton, pg. 309; Anthon & Smith, pg. 601; Broughton, Vol III, pg. 219
- ^ Broughton, pg. 313
- ^ Anthon & Smith, pg. 601
- ^ Broughton, pg. 330
- ^ Императорская «вилла» в Оссии (Ареццо, Италия): предварительные данные о территории римской Кортоны, Хелена Фраччия и др. Echos du Monde Classique: Классические взгляды, Университет Торонто Пресс, том XL, NS 15, номер 1, 1996, стр. 157–200
- ^ Syme, pg. 100
- ^ Бротон, стр. 315–316
- ^ Syme, pg. 114
- ^ Syme, pgs. 133–134
- ^ Syme, pg. 134
- ^ Syme, pg. 133
- ^ Syme, pgs. 167 и 173
- ^ Бротон, стр. 334; Syme, pgs. 170–171
- ^ Syme, pg. 172
- ^ Бротон, стр. 334–335
- ^ Бротон, стр. 334
- ^ Syme, pg. 173; Бротон, стр. 335
- ^ Syme, pgs. 173–174; Бротон, стр. 335
- ^ Бротон, стр. 335; Syme, pg. 174
- ^ Syme, pg. 177; Бротон, стр. 335
- ^ Бротон, стр. 340
- ^ Бротон, стр. 335; Бротон, том III, стр. 219
Источники
[ редактировать ]- Т. Роберт С. Бротон , магистраты Римской Республики, том II (1952).
- Сайм, Рональд, Римская революция , Кларендон Пресс, Оксфорд, 1939.
- Энтон, Чарльз и Смит, Уильям, новый классический словарь греческой и римской биографии, мифологии и географии (1860).
- Национальные музеи Шотландия NMS.Scran.ac.uk
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