Мария Ороса

На этом испанском названии первая или отцовская фамилия - Orosa , а вторая или материнская фамилия - Илаган .

Мария Ороса
Born	María Orosa y Ylagan (1892-11-29)November 29, 1892 Taal, Batangas, Captaincy General of the Philippines, Spanish Empire
Died	February 13, 1945(1945-02-13) (aged 52) Remedios Hospital Malate, Manila, Commonwealth of the Philippines (now Malate Catholic School)
Burial place	Mass Grave in Malate Catholic School
Education	University of the Philippines Manila University of Washington

Мария Ороса и Илаган (29 ноября 1892 года - 13 февраля 1945 г.) был филиппинским пищевым технологом , фармацевтическим химиком, гуманитарным и героиней. Она экспериментировала с продуктами, родом из Филиппин, и во время Второй мировой войны развился соевый напиток, богатый питательными веществами из соевых бобов) и Darak (рисовое печенье, упакованное с витамином B-1, который предотвращает болезнь берибери ), которые она также помогла контрабанду на японские Беги -интернированные лагеря, которые помогли спасти жизни тысяч филиппинцев, американцев и других граждан. Она представила общественности известный банановый кетчуп .

Ороса получила степень бакалавра и магистра по фармацевтической химии, а также дополнительную степень в области пищевой химии. Затем ей предложили должность помощника химика в штате Вашингтон, прежде чем вернуться на Филиппины в 1922 году, чтобы сосредоточиться на решении проблемы недоедания на ее родине. Она изобрела много видов пищи, чтобы минимизировать необходимость импортированных продуктов для кормления филиппинцев. Она воспользовалась обильными природными ресурсами Филиппинских островов, таких как местные фрукты, культуры и овощи, чтобы сделать Филиппины самодостаточными.

During World War II, Orosa joined Marking's Guerrillas to fight for Philippines freedom. She invented over 700 recipes during her lifetime, including Soyalac and Darak, which saved thousands of lives during the war. She also invented a process for canning goods for the guerrilla warriors fighting for the liberation of the Philippines. Without her food inventions, thousands of people would have died in internment camps, hospitals, and on the streets.

Early and family life

Maria Orosa (Historical Park and Laurel Park, Batangas Provincial Capitol Complex)

Orosa was born on November 29, 1892, in Taal, Batangas, and was the fourth among the eight children of Simplicio A. Orosa and Juliana Ylagan-Orosa. Although her father died when she was still a child (and helped her mother in the family's general store), many of her siblings also became distinguished in the Philippines. Her elder brother, Engr. Vicente Ylagan Orosa Sr., became Secretary of Public Works and Communications, and, later, Chairman of the People's Homesite and Housing Corporation (PHHC) during the administration of President Ramon Magsaysay. Her brother, Dr. Sixto Ylagan Orosa Sr., became a pioneering doctor, and her nieces and nephews included banker Sixto L. Orosa, Jr., Philippine National Artist in Dance Leonor Orosa Goquiñgco, businessman José R. L. Orosa, award-winning cultural journalist Rosalinda L. Orosa, and her biographer Helen Orosa del Rosario.

As a government-sponsored scholar, Orosa earned a bachelor's and master's degrees in pharmaceutical chemistry, and an additional degree in food chemistry from the University of Washington. She worked in fish canneries in Alaska during her summer breaks in college.

Career

Historical marker commemorating Orosa installed at the Bureau of Plant Industry compound in Malate, Manila

Although offered a job as an assistant chemist by the Washington state government, Orosa returned to the Philippines in 1922. She initially taught home economics at the Centro Escolar University, and later transferred to the Philippine Bureau of Science's food preservation division. Orosa wanted to help the Philippines become self-sufficient, as well as empower Filipino families. She organized 4-H clubs in the islands (which had more than 22,000 members by 1924), and traveled into the barrios to teach women how to raise chickens, preserve local produce, and plan healthy meals. Orosa invented the palayok oven to enable families without access to electricity to bake, and developed recipes for local produce, including cassava, bananas, and coconut. Her banana ketchup became a favorite condiment and cooking ingredient in the archipelago. She also developed wines and calamansi nip, a desiccated and powdered form of a citrus fruit also used to make reconstituted calamansi juice, banana ketchup, and is also used in other recipes. Orosa ultimately became the head of the Home Economics Division and organized its Division of Food Preservation. Using both her local and technical knowledge, Orosa made culinary contributions and taught proper preservation methods for native dishes such as adobo, dinuguan, kilawin and escabeche.

During World War II, Orosa used her food science background to invent Soyalac (a protein-rich powdered soybean product) and Darak (a rice bran powder rich in thiamine and other vitamins which could also treat beri-beri). She also became a captain in Marking's Guerrillas, a Filipino guerrilla group organized by Marcos "Marking" V. Augustín. The guerrillas helped U.S. forces fight the occupying Japanese troops and employed carpenters to insert Soyalac and Darak into hollow bamboo sticks, which were smuggled to the civilians imprisoned at the University of Santo Tomas and in Japanese-run prisoners of war camps in Capas, Tarlac and Corregidor. The powders saved the lives of many starving imprisoned guerrillas and U.S. soldiers. Her "Tiki-Tiki" cookies (made using Darak) also saved many civilian lives during wartime food shortages.

Death and legacy

Maria Orosa bust at the Office of the Municipal Mayor of Taal, Batangas

Although her family and friends urged her to leave Manila for her hometown as American, Filipino, and Japanese forces battled to control the city, Orosa refused, insisting that, as a soldier, she needed to remain at her post. On February 13, 1945, Orosa died of shrapnel wounds after being hit in her government office during an American bombing raid. The hospital to which she had been taken was later also bombed, causing a shrapnel shard to pierce her heart and kill her instantly. The American Red Cross gave Orosa a humanitarian award for her food-smuggling efforts. Her niece Helen Orosa del Rosario in 1970 published Maria Orosa: Her Life and Work, which also included 700 of Orosa's recipes.

The Philippines has officially recognized Orosa's contributions. Her home province, Batangas, installed a bust and historical marker in her honor. A street in Ermita, Manila (where the Court of Appeals of the Philippines is located), is named after her, as is a building in the Bureau of Plant Industry. During the 65th anniversary of the Institute of Science and Technology, she became one of 19 scientists who received special recognition. On November 29, 1983, the National Historical Institute installed a marker in her honor at the Bureau of Plant Industry in Malate, Manila. In commemoration of her centennial birth anniversary, the Philippine Postal Corporation issued a postage stamp in her honor. Her hometown of Taal, Batangas also celebrated the 125th anniversary of her birth on November 29, 2018. On 29 November 2019, Google celebrated her 126th birthday with a Google Doodle.

On February 8, 2020, Orosa's tombstone was found at the Malate Catholic School, the site of the Remedios Hospital during the Second World War.

List of works

• The history and chemistry of norsphenamine (1921)
• Preservation of Philippine foods (1926)
• Rice bran: a health food and how to cook it (1932)
• Roselle recipes (1931)
• Soy beans as a component of a balanced diet and how to prepare them (1932)
• Preserve the national culture in local food (1932)

Sources

• Ancheta, Herminia M. and Michaela Beltran-Gonzales, Filipino Women in Nation Building, Phoenix Publishing House Inc., Quezon City, 1984.

• http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2009093773/

• Centro Escolar University (2019) CEU-SNHM Pays Tribute to Filipina Innovator Maria Orosa. https://manila.ceu.edu.ph/ceu-snhm-pays-tribute-to-filipina-food-innovator-maria-orosa

• Cite Seer X http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.504.4716&rep=rep1&type=pdf

• Republic of the Philippines News Agency (2019). Google honors Filipina scientist Maria Orosa. https://www.pna.gov.ph/index.php/articles/1087406

Further reading

• Дэвидсон, Алан. (2003). Морепродукты Юго-Восточной Азии: всеобъемлющее руководство с рецептами (2-е изд.). Десять скоростных прессов. С. 279–295. ISBN  1-58008-452-4 .
• Mydans, Seth (2022-09-29). «Не упускаю из виду больше: Мария Ороса, изобретатель бананового кетчупа» . New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331 . Получено 2023-02-07 .
• Ороса, Мэри Ю. и Хелен Ороса дель Росарио. (1970). Ю. Мэри [Кесон -Сити:] RP Garcia Pub. Комплект