Эрнест Сингер
Эрнест Сингер | |
|---|---|
| Рожденный | Соединенные Штаты |
| Оккупация | Винодел и импортер вина |
| Известен для | Содействие использованию винограда Кошу в японских винах |
Эрнест Сингер - винодел в Японии, известный тем, что продвигает использование винограда Кошу в японских винах. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Он произвел первое японское вино, одобренное для импорта в ЕС . [ 3 ] [ 2 ]
Биография
[ редактировать ]Сингер родился в Соединенных Штатах и приехал в Японию в возрасте 12 лет со своими родителями, которые были в военных США. [ 4 ] Его отец был компьютерным инженером. [ 4 ] Певец кратко вернулся в Соединенные Штаты, чтобы посетить Йельский университет. [ 5 ]
За эти годы он занимался различными предприятиями, включая недвижимость, путешествия, продвижение по службе и компьютеры. Он заинтересовался винным бизнесом и основал Millesimes, импортер вина. Он нанял Дениса Дубурдье , профессора энологии в Университете Бордо, чтобы помочь ему сделать свое собственное вино, используя японский виноград Кошу. [ 4 ] В этих усилиях он также вовлекал другие японские виноделы, создавая новый интерес к Кошу. [ 1 ] Он включил свое винодельное предприятие в качестве винной компании Asagiri [ 5 ] и смог заставить ЕС принять первое японское вино для импорта. [ 3 ] [ 2 ] Винодельня была позже переименована в винодельню Fujisan. [ 5 ] [ А ]
Виноделие
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Koshu grape
[edit]Singer chose to focus on the Koshu grape because he felt it would produce wines that would complement Japanese cuisine.[1] Koshu is a white grape that is thought to have been brought to Japan over the Silk Road from Europe centuries ago.[6] DNA testing suggests that it is a hybrid of Vitis vinifera, a European wine grape species.[7][1]
The popularity of Koshu had been declining over the years, with the area under cultivation in Yamanashi Prefecture declining by over 50% and reaching a low in 2010. After that, cultivation again began to increase.[8] Because of Koshu's growing international recognition, Yamanashi was able to use Koshu to achieve the highest Japanese wine production of any prefecture. Yamanashi has worked to increase the land under cultivation and set a target for the production of 1,000 tons of Koshu in 2025.[9]
Joint project with other Japanese winemakers
[edit]In the past Koshu wines produced in Japan were quite sweet, but Singer was inspired by an experimental dry Koshu wine he tasted. He decided to concentrate on dry Koshu and convinced other Japanese winemakers such as Shigekazu Misawa at Grace Wine that this was the best way to make quality wines suitable for export. They exchanged ideas and many companies became involved. Some of these banded together as the Koshu of Japan organization.[1]
Winemaking with Denis Dubourdieu
[edit]
Singer hired Dubourdieu to oversee the creation of a very dry Koshu, unlike the sweet Koshu wines that were prevalent at the time. Koshu grape skins tend to be extremely bitter, so Dubourdieu decided to minimize skin contact with the wine during fermentation.[1] Sugar levels of the Koshu were low compared to varieties grown overseas, but Dubourdieu decided not to add sugar before fermentation, leading to a wine with an unusually low alcohol level of nine or ten percent. He explained that other such wines exist and are acceptable, such as Vinho Verde from Portugal.[2]
In 2013 they went on to create a sparkling version of Koshu. The dosage (sugar added after second fermentation) for that vintage was only 2 grams per liter.[10]
Approval for import into the EU
[edit]Wine regulations are much stricter in the EU than in Japan. For example, in 2008 the Japanese government required that only five percent of the grapes in a wine be from Japan to qualify to be labelled as a Japanese wine.,[3][1] but EU regulations require that wines that are a blend of grapes from different countries be identified as such.[11] Even so, in 2008, Singer's Koshu wine "Shizen Cuvee Denis Dubourdieu" was the first Japanese wine to be accepted by the EU for import.[3] After that, other Koshu wines such as those made by Grace Winery in Katsunuma, Yamanashi also began to be exported.[2]
Virus-free vines project
[edit]
Koshu vines are commonly infected by leafroll and other viruses, reducing sugar levels and making it difficult to achieve alcohol levels higher than 9%. Producing virus-free vines would be a significant step in improving wine quality.[12] Singer is involved[citation needed] in a long-term cooperative project with Chubu University to produce grape vines that are virus free. Authors from two of his companies, from Chubu University and from another university published a paper describing their process for creating virus-free vines.[13][b] Virus-free vines are grown in greenhouses at Fujisan Winery.[14][c]
In November 2022, Fujisan Winery announced a cooperation with Golan Heights Winery in Israel to mass-produce virus-free vines.[16]
Personal life
[edit]Singer has six children from three different partnerships.[4]
Notes
[edit]- ^ "Asagiri" means "foggy morning" in Japanese, while "Fujisan" means "Mount Fuji". The winery is located on the Asagiri Plateau near Mount Fuji.
- ^ Millesimes and Asagiri Agriculture were both Singer's companies[5]
- ^ See video's parent page on Chubu University site[15]
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Brown, Corie, The New York Times (October 26, 2010). "Japanese Wineries Betting on a Reviled Grape". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 15, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hughes, Felicity, The Japan Times (June 10, 2011). "Koshu wine gets uncorked abroad".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Jump up to: a b c d Anson, Jane,Decanter (magazine) (February 6, 2008). "Dubordieu-crafted Japanese white hits EU". Archived from the original on October 25, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Jump up to: a b c d Jeffs, Angela, The Japan Times (June 9, 2007). "Koshu Project sets out to redefine Japanese wine".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Ernest Singer". LinkedIn.
- ^ Balmer, Etienne, The Japan Times (October 30, 2022). "The rural temple where winemaking equals worship".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Goto-Yamamoto, Nami; Sawler, Jason; Myles, Sean (October 21, 2015). "Genetic Analysis of East Asian Grape Cultivars Suggests Hybridization with Wild Vitis". PLOS ONE. 10 (10): e0140841. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1040841G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140841. PMC 4619069. PMID 26488600.
- ^ "山梨ワイン産地確立推進計画" [Yamanashi Wine Production Promotion Plan] (PDF) (in Japanese). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 12, 2023.
- ^ "山梨県の農林水産業の概要 - 農林水産省" [Overview of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Yamanashi Prefecture - Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries] (PDF) (in Japanese). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 10, 2021.
- ^ Akiyama, Miyako, Forbes Japan (March 14, 2020). "日本が誇る、世界レベルの甲州スパークリング｜美酒のある風景" [Japan's Pride: World-class Koshu Sparkling] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on November 24, 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Регламент Совета (ЕС) № 753/2002 от 29 апреля 2002 г. Установка определенных правил применения правил Совета (ЕС) № 1493/1999 в отношении описания, обозначения, презентации и защиты определенных продуктов винного сектора.
- ^ «Вино Чубу Университета и проект Nihon-Shu» . Архивировано из оригинала 9 февраля 2023 года.
- ^ «Создание оптимального состояния для регенерации побега у Vitis Vinifera » . Koshu '
- ^ , которая совместно исследует нашу проекта « Мы Fujisan Winery Co. посетили » , Ltd. Оригинал 9 февраля 2023 года.
- ^ University . Проект Wine / Sake « »
- ^ удалось создать виноград без вирусов» -релиз) (на японском языке) пресс . «После более чем 10 лет исследований нам (