Французский великий юго-запад

Французский великий юго-запад -это географическое, социологическое, экономическое и культурное сущность, объединяющее административные регионы нулевой и оккитани , в результате слияния 1 января 2016 года из пяти предыдущих регионов; В этих двух регионах вместе взялись 156 000 км2 , или 29% территории столичной Франции . Это группировка, лишенная своих собственных политических или административных структур, созданных, с целью межрегионального размышления о пространственном планировании на уровне новых европейских вопросов, по инициативе межвидовой делегации по планированию территории и региональной привлекательности.

История

Как Бернард Морел отмечает в Revue de Géographie de Lyon ^{[ 1 ]} «Территориальные конструкции планирования землепользования являются изобретениями« географических объектов », которые являются частью политических стратегий. ^{[ 2 ]} »

Исследовательские программы для французского великого юго-запада и французского Великого Юго-Востока были начаты по решению межминариального комитета по планированию и развитию землепользования, который встретился 10 апреля 1997 года в AUCH2. Межнаправленная и межрегиональная миссия пространственного планирования, координируемая префектом региона Миди-Пирэнов , была создана по инициативе делегирования по пространственному планированию и региональным действиям (DATAR), чей приказ был изучение сети государственных услуг в масштабе Великий юго-запад.

Это пространство затем состоит из двух регионов Аквитайн и Миди-Пирены , федеративные, по обе стороны реки, долиной Гаронны и ассоциированы, согласно темам, в согласии на согласие Ауверн , Лангедок-Рузильон , Лимузин и Пуату-Чарес . Социально-экономический диагноз был проведен и опубликован двумя региональными офисами Aquitaine и Midi-Pyréess Национального института статистики и экономических исследований (INSEE) в 1999 году.

В 2003 году межминариальная делегация по региональному планированию и региональной привлекательности (новое название Datar) доверило пересмотр этого исследования расширенному органу в европейской перспективе, миссии по изучению и развитию. Межрегиональное и европейское сотрудничество для французского великого юго-запада. Результат этого отражения, выполненного вдоль трех основных линий:

space and population
economy
space structuring

under the supervision of the Regional Directorate of Insee Midi-Pyrénées in collaboration with the directorates of the other four regions and in association with the State services, the prefectures of the five regions and the five regional councils of Aquitaine , Languedoc-Roussillon, Limousin, Midi-Pyrénées and Poitou-Charentes, resulted in a new publication by INSEE in March 2006.

Geography entity

The French Great South-West, spread over 156,000 km2, i.e. 29% of the surface area of metropolitan France represented by the two regions of Nouvelle-Aquitaine and Occitanie, brings together on its territory a diversity of reliefs, hydrography and natural spaces of a great diversity. From the high peaks of the Pyrenees or more modest of the Massif Central to the expanse of the beaches of the Côte d'Argent or the Côte d'Améthyste, passing by the great fluvial plain of the Garonne or that of the Poitevin marsh or by the hilly terrain of the Gascony hillsides, its landscape is representative of practically the entire sample of the hexagonal relief.

Contrasting reliefs

Two mountain ranges

The entire 430 km of the French side of the Pyrenees chain borders the south of the Great South-West, with several peaks over 3,000 meters: Balaïtous (3,144 m), Vignemale (3,298 m), Mont Perdu (3 248 m), La Munia (3,133 m), Pic long (3,192 m), Grand Batchimale (3,177 m), Pic Perdiguère (3,222 m), Pique d'Estats (3,144 m). The Piémont pyrénéen gradually softens its relief to merge into the Landes de Gascogne plain beyond the occidentales (western) Pyrenees. The slopes of Gascony downstream of the central Pyrenees retain some inclinations for heights, advancing the softness of their hilly landscape as far as the valley of the middle Garonne. Carved out by the Têt, the orientales (eastern) Pyrenees plunge more steeply towards the Côte Vermeille and extend towards the Aude valley stretching between Corbières and Montagne Noire.

The western foothills and the south of the Massif Central occupy a large part of the Great South-West, of which they constitute the eastern edge. Here the altitudes are more modest (between 300 and 1,600 m): Sommet de Finiels (1,699 m), Mont Aigoual (1,567 m), Truc de Fortunio (1,550 m), Signal de Mailhebiau (1,469 m), Pic de Nore (1,211 m), Pic du Pal (1,155 m), Caroux-Espinouse (1,124 m), Merdelou (1,100 m), Mont Caroux (1,091 m), Mont Bessou (977 m), but the landscapes nonetheless remain particularly contrasted. The Limousin plateaus are hilly uplands which notably carry the plateau de Millevaches at an altitude of 900 m. In the south, the massif rises significantly in the Montagne Noire or in the monts de Lacaune, with important summits at Mont Lozère or Mont Aigoual. It ends abruptly above the plains of Languedoc. The plateaus of the Grands Causses constitute vast spaces cut by the deep canyons of Tarn, Jonte or Dourbie to the south of the massif, between Rouergue and Cévennes. The Quercy plateaus to the west are also made up of karstic surfaces, sometimes hollowed out by chasms, but are lower on the approach to Aquitaine. The plains are often narrow, like around the Causses, or form small periphery basins.

Two coastal areas

Sedimentary and hydrographic basins

The French Great South-West includes all of the Aquitaine Basin and almost all of the Adour-Garonne Basin. On the hydrographic level, there are also certain tributaries of the Loire or the Rhône, and the basins of coastal rivers (Charente, Aude, Hérault, etc.).To the north, the Charentes are separated from Poitou by the Poitou threshold which is at the interface of the Aquitaine Basin and the Paris Basin.To the east, the seuil de Naurouze (or Lauragais) is located on the border of the departments of Haute-Garonne and Aude, on the watershed between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

Climates

They are influenced by the relief, and the proximity to the Atlantic Ocean or the Mediterranean Sea. The Aquitaine Basin is subject to an oceanic climate. The Pyrenees and the Massif Central have a mountain climate. The former Languedoc-Roussillon region (except Lozère) mainly has a Mediterranean climate.

Cultural entity

Languages

Several languages are spoken in the South-West. They belong to four linguistic families: Euskarian (Basque), Occitano-Roman (Occitan and Catalan) and the Oïl languages (Poitevin and Saintongeais). Basque is spoken in the western half of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques. Catalan in almost all of the Pyrénées-Orientales (a small northern fringe, bordering on Aude, speaking Occitan Languedoc); Occitan or Langue d'oc covering most of the territory (for almost all of the Occitanie region, most of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, namely almost all of the respective areas of Gascon, Limousin and Languedocien, part of that of Auvergne).Saintongeais is an Oïl language used in the departments of Charente and Charente-Maritime as well as in a small part of the Gironde. Poitevin is spoken in the Vienne, Deux-Sèvres, and the north of Charente and Charente-Maritime. These two languages are sometimes grouped together under the name of 'poitevin-saintongeais'. Additionally, we find certain idiomatic expressions common to a large part of the South West.

Sports

Rugby union is almost a religion in the South-West. Two cities were European champions (Brive-la-Gaillarde and Toulouse). Teams like those from Perpignan, Biarritz, Castres, Bordeaux-Bègles, Pau, Auch, La Rochelle or Agen are very popular.Basketball is also well established, Pau-Orthez and Limoges have compiled 18 French championship titles between them.

Economic entity

In the field of oncology (research, diagnosis and treatment of cancers), the Cancéropôle Great South-West aims to bring together teams (researchers and clinicians) located in the former Aquitaine, Limousin, Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées regions. . The former Poitou-Charentes region is part of the Cancéropôle Great West (with the Brittany, Centre-Val de Loire and Pays de la Loire regions). Poitou-Charentes is also part of other entities (not all) of the French West: this duality may reflect the respective attraction exerted on the south and the north of this former region by different metropolises: Bordeaux in the south for the Charentes, Nantes and Tours for Deux-Sèvres and Vienne.

Annexes

Bibliography

Le Grand Sud-Ouest, Préfecture de la région Aquitaine, INSEE Aquitaine, Préfecture de la région Midi-Pyrénées, INSEE Midi-Pyrénées, DATAR, Christiane Petibon, Catherine Meunier, Paul Ahmed Michaux, INSEE Aquitaine, Bordeaux, INSEE Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, 1999, collection Le Dossier, n^o 31, 76 p. ISBN 2-11-050106-5
Robert Marconis, « La Revue Géographique des Pyrénées et du Sud-Ouest, de 1930 au début des années 1970 », Géocarrefour, vol. 86/3-4, 2011 (read the article online in French [archive]).

Webography

Le Grand Sud-Ouest, Insee, Directions régionales Aquitaine, Languedoc-Roussillon, Limousin, Midi-Pyrénées, Poitou-Charentes, collection Dossiers, Études, n° 133, mars 2006, document téléchargeable (document papier de 125 p.)

Notes and references

Bernard Morel, L'interrégionalité, stratégie de redéploiement territorial dans l'Europe, in Revue de géographie de Lyon, numéro 72-3, pp. 191-199 , on the site persee.fr
Communiqué des services du Premier ministre, 4 - Renforcement des partenariats, p. 2
Le Grand Sud-Ouest, dossier n° 31, mars 1999, Insee Aquitaine
Avant-propos par Jean Daubigny, préfet de la région Midi-Pyrénées
Grand Sud Ouest-Français (original French Wikipedia article)

Sources

Insee

^ Cholley, André. La voie navigable Méditerranée-Alsace. Les Études rhodaniennes. pp. 181–186. ISSN 1164-6268.
^ Morel, Bernard (1997). "L'interrégionalité, stratégie de redéploiement territorial dans l'Europe L'exemple du Grand Sud-Est et de l'axe rhodanien / Inter-regional cooperation : a strategy for territorial restructuring in Europe. The case of the "Greater South East" and the Rhône axis". Revue de géographie de Lyon. 72 (3): 191–199. doi:10.3406/geoca.1997.4692. ISSN 0035-113X.

[1] Cholley, André. La voie navigable Méditerranée-Alsace. Les Études rhodaniennes. pp. 181–186. ISSN 1164-6268.

[2] Morel, Bernard (1997). "L'interrégionalité, stratégie de redéploiement territorial dans l'Europe L'exemple du Grand Sud-Est et de l'axe rhodanien / Inter-regional cooperation : a strategy for territorial restructuring in Europe. The case of the "Greater South East" and the Rhône axis". Revue de géographie de Lyon. 72 (3): 191–199. doi:10.3406/geoca.1997.4692. ISSN 0035-113X.

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