Факты римлян

Faits des Romains ( Li Fet des Romains ; Деяния римлян) представляют собой средневековую работу прозы , написанную на старом французском языке , составленном в Иль-де-Франс , или уроженцем этого региона, около 1213–14. ^{[ 1 ]}^{[ 2 ]} Это хронирует жизнь Юлия Цезаря . ^{[ 3 ]}

Подробности

В первую очередь это сборник из работ четырех римских писателей : сам Цезарь, Лукан , Суэтоний и Саллуст . ^{[ 4 ]} Это первая биография, полностью посвященная римскому лидеру на родном языке ; ^{[ 5 ]} Исторический текст также использует литературные методы, заимствованные из романтики или Шансон -де -Гесте .

Анонимный компилятор и переводчик иногда заимствовали полные тексты других работ, таких как De Coniuratione Catilinae Цезаря или «Комментарий » , для которого Факты являются первыми переводами на французский. Он последовал за своими латинскими моделями шаг за шагом, постоянно адаптируя текст к цивилизации своего времени. В случае комментариев De Bello Gallico , как и другие средневековые писатели, он неправильно приписывает его не самому Цезарю, а грамматику, Юлиусу Целсусу Константинусу. ^{[ 6 ]} В своем рассказе о гражданской войне он следовал не работе Цезаря, а в эпическом стихотворении Лукана . В отличие от, например, автора современного гистоарного Ancienne Jusqu'à César , он делает все материалы в последовательно стилизованной прозе. ^[7]

Reception

The Faits des Romains was the most popular of several contemporary Old French works of primarily Roman history;^[1] beginning in the 14th century, it was a popular manuscript commission,^[8] and it remained popular until the end of the Middle Ages. The work was copied to more than fifty manuscripts, many illuminated.^[9] Notably, around 1470, Jean Fouquet painted the miniatures of a now dismembered manuscript, of which five sheets are currently held in the Louvre.^[10]

The text was translated into Italian in the 13th century and into Portuguese in the 15th century, before 1466, as Vida e feitos de Julio Cesar.^[11]

Medieval French authors who wrote about Caesar do not refer to the original Latin texts but to the Faits des Romains, and the text is thus the origin of Caesar's exceptional popularity in aristocratic circles throughout the Middle Ages.

The author portrays Caesar in more or less medieval terms,^[12] and focuses on the threat to liberty represented by his power, and on the fight of the Gauls under Vercingetorix for liberty from the Romans; he links the two by relating Caesar's fall to his conquest of Gaul; the text can thus be seen as an allegory of contemporary issues of the aristocratic struggle against the power of the crown.^[13]

Jeanette M. A. Beer in her book A Medieval Caesar criticizes the work for exaggerating the relationship between Caesar and the Mauretanian queen Eunoë, greatly expanding on their interactions than exist in historical records. She stated that Caesar is "transformed into a medieval chavillier" and that the author is clearly more interested in Caesar's sexual dominance over the queen than the political dominance he held over her husband Bogud.^[14]

References

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Gabrielle M. Spiegel, Romancing the Past: The Rise of Vernacular Prose Historiography in Thirteenth-Century France, New historicism 23, Berkeley: University of California, 1993, ISBN 9780520077102, p. 13.
^ Catherine Croizy-Naquet, "L'Histoire ancienne jusqu'à César, les Faits des Romains: Entre sermon et chronique, entre histoire et roman", in Textes et cultures: réception, modèles, interférences, ed. Pierre Nobel, volume 1 Réception de l'Antiquité, Journées d'étude du programme pluriformation Formes, langages et identités dans les sociétés multiculturelles 2.1, Besançon: Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté, 2004, ISBN 9782848670676, pp. 103–18, p. 104 (in French)
^ The beginning of the text announces that there will be twelve books, dedicated to the twelve Caesars, from the birth of Julius Caesar to the death of Domitian; but the work as we have it ends with Caesar's death.
^ Catherine Croizy-Naquet, p. 105.
^ Spiegel, p. 118.
^ Croizy-Naquet, p. 110.
^ Croizy-Naquet, p. 112.
^ Jaroslav Folda, Crusader Art in the Holy Land, From the Third Crusade to the Fall of Acre, 1187–1291, Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University, 2005, ISBN 9780521835831, p. 429.
^ Ten illuminated manuscripts are in the holdings of the French National Library in Paris; the illustrations of three of them are reproduced in the library's Mandragore online database.
^ RF 4143, recto Archived 2013-02-13 at archive.today; RF 5271, recto Archived 2013-02-13 at archive.today; RF 29493, recto Archived 2013-02-17 at archive.today; RF 29494, recto Archived 2013-02-13 at archive.today.
^ Maria Helena Mateus, ed., Vida e Feitos de Júlio César. Edição crítica da tradução portuguesa quatrocentista de 'Li fet des romains', Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1970, OCLC 4861275 (in Portuguese)
^ Croizy-Naquet, p. 109.
^ Spiegel, pp. 129, 144, 164–65, 151.
^ Beer, Jeanette; A Medieval Caesar - page: 16

Внешние ссылки

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[Romancing13-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b Gabrielle M. Spiegel, Romancing the Past: The Rise of Vernacular Prose Historiography in Thirteenth-Century France, New historicism 23, Berkeley: University of California, 1993, ISBN 9780520077102, p. 13.

[2] Catherine Croizy-Naquet, "L'Histoire ancienne jusqu'à César, les Faits des Romains: Entre sermon et chronique, entre histoire et roman", in Textes et cultures: réception, modèles, interférences, ed. Pierre Nobel, volume 1 Réception de l'Antiquité, Journées d'étude du programme pluriformation Formes, langages et identités dans les sociétés multiculturelles 2.1, Besançon: Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté, 2004, ISBN 9782848670676, pp. 103–18, p. 104 (in French)

[3] The beginning of the text announces that there will be twelve books, dedicated to the twelve Caesars, from the birth of Julius Caesar to the death of Domitian; but the work as we have it ends with Caesar's death.

[4] Catherine Croizy-Naquet, p. 105.

[5] Spiegel, p. 118.

[6] Croizy-Naquet, p. 110.

[7] Croizy-Naquet, p. 112.

[8] Jaroslav Folda, Crusader Art in the Holy Land, From the Third Crusade to the Fall of Acre, 1187–1291, Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University, 2005, ISBN 9780521835831, p. 429.

[9] Ten illuminated manuscripts are in the holdings of the French National Library in Paris; the illustrations of three of them are reproduced in the library's Mandragore online database.

[10] RF 4143, recto Archived 2013-02-13 at archive.today; RF 5271, recto Archived 2013-02-13 at archive.today; RF 29493, recto Archived 2013-02-17 at archive.today; RF 29494, recto Archived 2013-02-13 at archive.today.

[11] Maria Helena Mateus, ed., Vida e Feitos de Júlio César. Edição crítica da tradução portuguesa quatrocentista de 'Li fet des romains', Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1970, OCLC 4861275 (in Portuguese)

[12] Croizy-Naquet, p. 109.

[13] Spiegel, pp. 129, 144, 164–65, 151.

[14] Beer, Jeanette; A Medieval Caesar - page: 16

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Базы данных управления авторитетом
Международный	Виаф
Национальный	Германия Соединенные Штаты Франция BNF Данные Израиль Каталония
Другой	Idref

Подробности

Reception

References

Further reading

Внешние ссылки