Ранатк
 | |
| Классификация | Перкуссия ( идиофон ) |
|---|---|
| Связанные инструменты | |
| Ронат Эк , Ранат Эк Лек , Ранат Тум , Паттала | |
Ранат Эк ( тайский : ek xylophone , произносится [ranːt ʔèːk] , «также ксилофон»)-это тайский музыкальный инструмент в семействе перкуссии, который состоит из 22 деревянных баров, подвешенных шнурами над лодочным корыточным резонатором и пораженным двумя молотками. Он используется в качестве ведущего инструмента в ансамбле Piphat .
Бары Ранат Эк обычно изготавливаются из розового дерева ( Далбергия Оливери ; Тай : ไม้ชิงชัน ; Май Чинг Чан ), и это два типа Маллетов Ранат Эк. Жесткие молотки создают острый и яркий звук, обычно используемый для более быстрой игры. Мягкие молотки создают мягкий и мягкий тон, используемый для более медленных песен.
В тайском семействе ксилофонов есть несколько аналогичных инструментов с барами, изготовленными из разных типов материала, таких как металл ( Ranat Ek Lek , Ranat Thum Lek ) и стекло ( Ranat Kaeo ). Есть еще один подобный тайский ксилофон, который имеет другой деревянный бар, называемый « Ранат Тум ». Его внешний вид похож на Ranat EK , но он ниже и шире. Обычно его играют в сопровождении Ранат Эк . Кроме того, Ранат Эк очень похож на камбоджийский ксилофон, называемый « roneat ek », [ 1 ] и бирманский бамбук ксилофон под названием « Паттала ». [ 2 ]
History
[edit]The earliest known description of ranat in Thailand [3] Ranat ek was originally an instrument called Krap. A pair of krap was used to keep the rhythm in ensembles. Later, krap were put into a series. However, the tones when the bars were struck were out of tune. Then it was decided to make a series of krap on two tracks to support it. After the instrument makers gained some experience and knowledge, the krap were made in a series of sizes with a track to hold them together making the tone clearer. To make them into a series, a heavy string was threaded through holes made near the ends of the krap. The krap were placed near each other on this cord and the entire “keyboard” was hung on a supporting stand. Later on, the keyboard was improved using krap and beeswax with lead shavings attached underneath each krap to improve the tone. This whole instrument was called “ranat” and the krap which make up the keyboard are called “luk ranat”. The whole series of krap or the keyboard is called “pern”. At first the keys of ranat were made of two kinds of bamboo, Dendrocalamus Nees (Dendrocalamus Nees; Thai: ไผ่ตง; phai tong), and Indian Timber Bamboo (Bambusa tulda; Thai: ไผ่บง; phai bong). Later on, different types of hardwood were used, such as rosewood (Dalbergia oliveri; Thai: ไม้ชิงชัน; mai ching chan), Lakoochaand (Artocarpus lacucha; Thai: ไม้มะหาด; mai mahat) or Siamese Rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis; Thai: ไม้พะยูง; mai pa yung). Normally Indian timber bamboo is preferred because of its tone. The support of the keyboard is shaped like a Thai riverboat, curving at each end.[4]
The first Thai instrument ensembles only used one ranat, and this had fewer keys than the ranat nowadays. More and more keys were added until the ranat became too large for one stand to hold. So a second ranat with lower toned keys was created. This was called ranat thum, with the original ranat with the higher-toned keys being called ranat ek.[5]
Structure
[edit]The modern ranat ek model has 22 keys. The lowest-toned key is 38 cm long, 5 cm wide and 1.5 cm thick. The keys decrease in size and become thicker as the tones go higher. The highest-toned key is 30 cm long.[6]
Tuning
[edit]Each octave is divided into seven equal parts, which results in complex musical ratios but easy transposition between keys (analogous to the benefits and drawbacks of Western 12-pitch equal temperament).[7][8]
References
[edit]- ^ "Thai Music". Retrieved 1 October 2013.
- ^ "Myanmar Bamboo Xylophonel". Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- ^ Seelig, Peter (2013-02-04). "ประวั ติ และปรั ชญาของดนตรี ไทย".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "ranad". Retrieved 1 October 2013.
- ^ "ranat ek". Retrieved 1 October 2013.
- ^ "ระนาทเอก". Retrieved 1 October 2013.
- ^ Joseph Yasser, A Theory of Evolving Tonality (New York: Da Capo Press, 1975; original published 1932), 45-46, 57.
- ^ Terry E. Miller. "Thailand" in The Garland Handbook of Southeast Asian Music (UK: Routledge, 2008), 140-143
