Вильгельм, принц Албании
| Вильгельм | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||
| Принц Албании | |||||
| Правление | 21 февраля 1914 - 31 января 1925 г. [ А ] | ||||
| Коронация | 21 февраля 1914 года [ B ] | ||||
| Предшественник | Монархия установлена | ||||
| Преемник | Регентство Zog I как следующий монарх, 1928–1939 гг. | ||||
| Рожденный | 26 марта 1876 г. Schloss Neuwied, Neuwied , Германия | ||||
| Умер | 18 апреля 1945 г. (в возрасте 69 лет) Предул , Румыния | ||||
| Погребение | |||||
| Супруг | |||||
| Проблема | Принцесса Мари Элеоноре из Албании Кэрол Виктор, наследственный принц Албании | ||||
| |||||
| Дом | Wied-Tewied | ||||
| Отец | Вильгельм, принц Вид | ||||
| Мать | Принцесса Мари из Нидерландов | ||||
| Религия | Протестантизм | ||||
| Подпись |  | ||||
Вильгельм, Принц Албания (Вильгельм Фридрих Генрих; Албанский : Вильгельм, Принчик I Шкейприс , 26 марта 1876 г. - 18 апреля 1945 г.) был сувереном княжества Албании с 7 марта по 3 сентября 1914 года. Его правление официально дошло до конца 31 Январь 1925 года, когда страна была объявлена Албанской Республикой .
За пределами страны и в дипломатической переписке он был в стиле «Суверенный принц », но в Албании его называли Мбрет или Король.
Семья и ранняя жизнь
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Уильям родился 26 марта 1876 года в замке Нойвид , недалеко от Кобленца , в прусской Рейнской местности , как принц Уильям Вид ( немецкий : Вильгельм Фридрих Генрих Принц Зуид ). Родившись в посредническом доме Вид -Нейуида , он был третьим сыном Уильяма, 5-го принца Вида (брата королевы Элизабет Румынии ) и его жены принцессы Мари из Нидерландов (сестра королевы Луизы Швеции ). Он был вторым двоюродным братом Вильгельма II, немецкого императора .
Принц Уильям служил в качестве прусского кавалерийского офицера, прежде чем стать капитаном Генерального штаба Германии в 1911 году. [ 1 ]
Кандидат на албанский трон
[ редактировать ]Тетя принца Уильяма, королева Элизабет из Румынии , узнав, что великие державы ищут аристократа, чтобы править Албанией, попросила Ионеску попытаться убедить их назначить ее племянника на пост. [ 1 ]
Eventually the European Great Powers – Austria-Hungary, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the French Third Republic, the German Empire, the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy – selected William, a member of the German princely house of Wied, and related to the Queen of the Netherlands to rule over the newly independent Albania. The announcement was made in November 1913 and the decision was accepted by Ismail Kemal, the head of the provisional government.[1] The offer of the Albanian throne was first made to him in the spring of 1913 but he turned it down. Despite rejecting the offer, the Austrians put pressure on Prince William in an attempt to change his mind.[2] Kaiser Wilhelm was not pleased with the selection of the prince as the king of Albania; considering the choice to be unwise. The Kaiser claimed that he tried to have "a Mohammedan Prince chosen, if possible".[3]
Europeans consider Albania to be a poor, lawless and backward country, and some foreign opinion was scathing. The French press referred to Wilhelm as "le Prince de Vide", meaning "the prince of emptiness"; vide being a pun on his homeland of Wied.
Prince of Albania
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On 7 February 1914, William let the Great Powers know that he would accept the throne. On 21 February 1914 a delegation of Albanian notables led by Essad Pasha Toptani and Arbëreshë ones (headed by Luigi Baffa and Vincenzo Baffa Trasci), made a formal request, which he accepted thereby becoming By the grace of the powers and the will of the people the Prince (Mbret) of Albania. One month after accepting the throne on 7 March, he arrived in his provisional capital of Durrës and started to organise his government, appointing Turhan Pasha Përmeti to form the first Albanian cabinet.[2] This first cabinet was dominated by aristocrats (prince Essad Pasha Toptani defence and foreign affairs, prince Gjergj Adhamidhi bej Frashëri finances, prince Aziz Pasha Vrioni agriculture).
His brief reign proved a turbulent one. Immediately following his arrival, revolts of Muslims broke out in central Albania against his Chief Minister, Essad Pasha, and against foreign domination that was not Turkish. Greece encouraged the formation of a separatist provisional government in North Epirus. William's position was also undermined by his own officials, notably Essad Pasha himself, who actually accepted money from Italy to finance a revolt and to stage a coup against William. The plot was exposed, Pasha was arrested on 19 May 1914, tried for treason and sentenced to death. Only the intervention of the Italian government saved his life and he escaped to exile in Italy.[1]
The outbreak of World War I presented more problems for Prince William as Austria-Hungary demanded that he send Albanian soldiers to fight alongside them. When he refused, citing the neutrality of Albania in the Treaty of London, the remuneration that he had been receiving was cut off.[4]
Reign in exile, overthrow, and death
[edit]
Prince William left the country on 3 September 1914 originally heading to Venice.[5] Despite leaving Albania he did so insisting that he remained head of state.[4] In his proclamation he informed the people that "he deemed it necessary to absent himself temporarily."[6] He was also styled Skanderbeg II, in homage to Skanderbeg, the national hero.[7]
He returned to Germany and rejoined the Imperial German Army under the pseudonym "Count of Kruja".[8] The name derived from the city of Krujë in Albania. When the Austro-Hungarians forced the Serbian and Montenegrin armies out of Northern Albania in the early months of 1916, William's hopes of being restored were raised although ultimately they came to nothing. After the war, he still harboured ambitions that he might be restored, but the participants at the Paris Peace Conference were unlikely to restore the throne to someone who had just fought against them.[citation needed]
Although several of the factions competing for power in post-war Albania billed themselves as regencies for William, once central authority was definitively restored in 1924, the country was declared a republic on 31 January 1925, officially ending his reign.
With the monarchy in Albania set to be restored with President Ahmet Zogu becoming king, Prince William reaffirmed his claim to the throne announcing he still claimed the throne for himself and his heirs.[1]
Prince William died in Predeal, near Sinaia, in Romania, leaving his son, Hereditary Prince Carol Victor, as heir to his Albanian claims.[9] He was buried at the Lutheran Church in Bucharest.[citation needed]
Marriage and children
[edit]On 30 November 1906 at Waldenburg, Saxony, Prince William married Princess Sophie of Schönburg-Waldenburg (1885–1936), member of the House of Schönburg, daughter of Hereditary Prince Otto Karl Viktor I von Schönburg-Waldenburg (1856-1888) and his wife, Princess Lucie zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (1859-1903). She had remotely distant Albanian roots, through Orthodox Ghica family.[10] They had two children:
- Princess Marie Eleonore (1909–1956) ⚭ Prince Alfred of Schönburg-Waldenburg (1905–1941), son of Prince Heinrich of Schönburg-Waldenburg and Princess Olga of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg ⚭ Ion Octavian Bunea (1899–1977)
- Hereditary Prince Carol Victor (1913–1973) ⚭ Eileen de Coppet (1922–1985)
Honors
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Albania: Founder and Sovereign of the Princely Order of the Black Eagle, 26 March 1914
Russia: Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky, 27 February 1914
Sweden: Commander Grand Cross of the Polar Star, 1896[11]
Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Friedrich Order, 29 October 1898
Romania:
Italy: Grand Cross of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, 10 February 1914
Austria-Hungary: Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Leopold, 13 February 1914
France: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, 19 February 1914
Prussia:
- Grand Cross of the Red Eagle, 25 February 1914
- Knight of Honor of the Johanniter Order[13]
- Knight of the Prussian Crown, 3rd Class
Bulgaria: Knight of the Royal Order of Military Merit, 5th Class
Gallery
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1909 -
1913 (circa) -
1913 -
Prince Wilhelm of Wied, Isa Boletini and officers of the International Gendarmerie: Duncan Heaton-Armstrong and Colonel Thomson near Durrës in June 1914 -
1914 -
1914 -
Prince Wilhelm on horseback in front of the palace in Durrës. -
Royal Monogram
Ancestry
[edit]| Ancestors of Wilhelm, Prince of Albania |
|---|
In popular culture
[edit]Prince Wilhelm is portrayed in the 2008 Albanian film Time of the Comet (based on Ismail Kadare's novel "The dark year" (Viti i mbrapshtë), which takes place during his reign. He is played by the German actor Thomas Heinze.
References
[edit]- ^ De facto, however, his reign ended on September 3, 1914
- ^ An official delegation of Albania, led by Essad Pasha Toptani, made a formal request, which he accepted thereby becoming By the grace of the powers and the will of the people the Prince (Mbret) of Albania.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Pearson, Owen (2006). Albania in the Twentieth Century: a history. IB Tauris. pp. 50, 64, 292. ISBN 1-84511-013-7.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Heaton-Armstrong, Duncan (2005). The Six Month Kingdom: Albania 1914. IB Tauris. pp. xii, 12. ISBN 1-85043-761-0.
- ^ William II, German Emperor; Ybarra, T. R. (Thomas Russell) (1922). The Kaiser's memoirs, Wilhelm II, emperor of Germany, 1888-1918; English translation by Thomas R. Ybarra. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Library. New York; London, Harper. p. 164.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Kola, Paulin (2003). The Search for Greater Albania. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 16. ISBN 1-85065-596-0.
- ^ Спрингер, Элизабет; Леопольд Каммерхофер (1993). Архив и исследования . Олденбургский научный издатель. п. 346. ISBN 3-486-55989-3 .
- ^ Миллер, III Уильям (1966), Османская империя и ее преемники, 1801–1927 (пересмотренный и облегченный издатель), издательство Фрэнка Касса, с. 529, ISBN 0-7146-1974-4 3 сентября 1914 года
принц Уильям закончил свое бесславное царствование шести месяцев с прокламацией, сообщив своему народу, что «он считал необходимым временно отсутствовать».
- ^ Пирсон, Оуэн (2006). Албания в двадцатом веке: история . Ib tauris . п. 568. ISBN 1-84511-013-7 .
- ^ Элси, Роберт (2010). Исторический словарь Албании . Исторические словаря Европы. Тол. 75 (2 изд.). Пресс чучела. п. 255. ISBN 978-0810861886 .
- ^ Пирсон, Оуэн (2006). Албания в оккупации и войне: от фашизма до коммунизма 1940–1945 . Ib tauris. п. 436. ISBN 1-84511-104-4 .
- ^ "Les Ghika et" la Вопрос d'Orient " " (PDF) (по -французски) . Получено 2023-10-15 .
- ^ «Сверигс Статскалендер» (на шведском языке). 1905. с. 489 . Получено 2018-01-06 -через Runeberg.org.
- ^ «Принц Вильгельм» . Архивировано из оригинала на 2006-03-07 . Получено 2016-04-08 .
- ^ Юстус Пертес, Альманах де Гота 1921 (1921) Стр. 2
Внешние ссылки
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- 1876 Рождения
- 1945 Смерть
- Монархи 20-го века в Европе
- Албанский народ 20-го века
- Люди из Neuwied
- Люди из провинции Рейн
- Члены прусской палаты лордов
- Албанские монархи
- Протестантские монархи
- Дом Вид-Нейвед
- Албанская дворянство
- Персонал немецкой армии Первой мировой войны
- Великие кресты Ордена Короны (Румыния)
- Командиры Большой Крест Ордена Полярной звезды
- Почетные рыцари Большой Крест Королевского викторианского ордена
- Немецкие эмигранты
- Иммигранты в Албанию
- Претенденты