Галлоуайелла Вебер
| Галлоуайелла Вебер | |
|---|---|
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| в Дельмарве , на восточном побережье Соединенных Штатов | |
Научная классификация 
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| Домен: | Эукариота |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Teloschistales |
| Family: | Teloschistaceae |
| Genus: | Gallowayella |
| Species: | G. weberi
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| Binomial name | |
| Gallowayella weberi | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Gallowayella weberi- это вид кортиколазного и саксиколозного (кора и скалы), фолиозного лишайника в семействе Toloschistaceae . [ 2 ] В восточной части Соединенных Штатов, это маленький лишайник с гладкой желтой до оранжевой верхней поверхностью и контрастной белой нижней поверхностью.
Таксономия
[ редактировать ]Лишайник был сначала официально описан как новый вид в 2003 году лихенологами Сергеем Конратюком и Ингваром Кернефельтом , которые назвали его Xanthoria weberii . Типовый образец был собран в графстве Граймс, штат Техас, в 1970 году. Он был обнаружен Уильямом Альфредом Вебером в лесах, где преобладал Quercus Stellata (Post Oak), где он был в изобилии на дубах как в пыльных местах, так и в городских районах. [ 3 ] Правописание с двумя "I 'S было ошибочным, и оно было исправлено Вебери в последующей публикации. [ 4 ] После еще нескольких предложенных общих переводов, в Oxneria [ 5 ] а позже к Xanthomendoza , [ 6 ] Kondratyuk, Kärnefelt и их коллеги, наконец, реклассифицировали таксон в тогдашнем недавно ограниченном роде Gallowayella в 2012 году. [ 4 ]
Description
[edit]Gallowayella weberi is a foliose lichen that forms small thalli up to 4 mm wide, which adhere to surfaces ranging from closely to somewhat loosely attached. The lobes of the thallus are flat, ranging from horizontal to slightly ascending, and measure between 0.3 and 0.5 mm in width. The tips of these lobes often curve inward, and the outermost parts of mature lobes are truncated or cut off squarely.[6]
The upper surface of Gallowayella weberi has a yellow to orange color and is smooth to the touch. Its lower surface contrasts with a white color. The cortex, or the outer layer of the lichen, is made of tightly packed cells and is colorless, except for the presence of external anthraquinone crystals, which are chemical compounds often found in lichens. The photobiont (photosynthetic partner) is a unicellular green alga from the genus Trebouxia.[6]
The medulla, which is the inner tissue beneath the cortex, has a net-like structure made of short cells. Rhizines, which are root-like structures helping the lichen to anchor to its substrate, are mostly present and are white in color, turning yellow when exposed. They can be either attached to the substrate or free. Soralia, the structures for asexual reproduction, are found at the lobe tips and often form small structures resembling bird nests, with the soredia (powdery reproductive propagules) being yellow in color.[6]
Apothecia (fruiting bodies) are rare in this species and range from 0.7 to 2.0 mm in width. The ascospores measure between 12.7 and 14.0 by 7.0 to 7.7 μm, with a septum thickness of 2.9 to 4.6 μm. Pycnidia, an asexual reproductive structure, are common on the surface (laminal) and are orange in color, measuring about 0.1 to 0.2 mm in diameter. The conidia (asexual spores) are rod-shaped and measure 3.2 to 3.6 μm in length.[6]
Chemically, the cortex and apothecia react to a solution of potassium hydroxide by turning purple, but show no reaction to other chemical spot tests (C−, PD−, and I−). The medulla also shows no reaction to these tests. The major secondary metabolites (lichen products) found in Gallowayella weberi are parietin, fallacinal, and teloschistin, with emodin and parietinic acid as minor components.[6] This distribution of secondary metabolites corresponds to the chemosyndroma A proposed by Ulrik Søchting in 1997.[7][6]
Habitat and distribution
[edit]Gallowayella weberi is found in arid environments and can grow on diverse substrates including both natural surfaces like bark and rock, as well as on artificial ones such as concrete and tombstones. It is native to North America, predominantly in the eastern regions, with its most significant population density in the Southeast.[6]
Species interactions
[edit]Tremella xanthomendozae is a lichenicolous fungus that infects Gallowayella weberi (it was named when its host was classified in genus Xanthomendoza).[8]
References
[edit]- ^ "Synonymy. Current Name: Gallowayella weberi (S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y. Kondr., Fedorenko, S. Stenroos, Kärnefelt, Elix, Hur & A. Thell, in Fedorenko, Stenroos, Thell, Kärnefelt, Elix, Hur & Kondratyuk, Biblthca Lichenol. 108: 60 (2012)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
- ^ "Gallowayella weberi (S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y. Kondr., Fedorenko, S. Stenroos, Kärnefelt, Elix, Hur & A. Thell". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
- ^ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Kärnefelt, I. (2003). "Five new Xanthorias from Holarctic". Ukrainskiy Botanichnyi Zhurnal. 60 (2): 121–130.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Fedorenko, Natalya M.; Stenroos, Soili; Thell, Arne; Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Elix, John A.; Hur, Jae-Seoun; Kondratyuk, Sergij Y. (2012). "Molecular phylogeny of xanthorioid lichens (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota), with notes on their morphology". In Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Seaward, Mark R.D.; Thell, Arne (eds.). Systematics, Biodiversity and Ecology of Lichens. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 108. J. Cramer in der Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung. pp. 45–64. ISBN 978-3-443-58087-2.
- ^ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Kärnefelt, I. (2003). "Revision of three natural groups of xanthorioid lichens (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota)". Ukrainskiy Botanichnyi Zhurnal. 60 (4): 427–437.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Lindblom, Louise (2006). "Xanthomendoza galericulata, a new sorediate lichen species, with notes on similar species in North America". The Bryologist. 109 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2006)109[0001:xgansl]2.0.co;2. JSTOR 20110748.
- ^ Søchting, Ulrik (1997). "Two major anthraquinone chemosyndromes in Teloschistaceae". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 68: 135–144.
- ^ Diederich, Paul; Millanes, Ana M.; Wedin, Mats; Lawrey, James D. (August 20, 2022). Flora of Lichenicolous Fungi. Basidiomycota (PDF). Vol. 1. Luxembourg: National Museum of Natural History. p. 351. ISBN 978-2-919877-26-3.