Шкаф Нельсона Манделы
| |
|---|---|
 1 -й кабинет Республики Южная Африка (С момента выборов 1994 года ) | |
| 1994–1999 | |
 Президент Мандела в 1994 году | |
| Дата сформирована | 10 мая 1994 г. |
| Дата распадается | 14 июня 1999 г. (5 лет, 1 месяц и 4 дня) |
| People and organisations | |
| President | Nelson Mandela |
| Deputy President |
|
| No. of ministers | 27 ministers |
| Member party | |
| Status in legislature | Majority (national unity) |
| Opposition party |
|
| Opposition leader |
|
| History | |
| Election | 1994 election |
| Legislature term | First Parliament |
| Predecessor | De Klerk (TEC) |
| Successor | Mbeki I |
Нельсон Мандела принял клятву в качестве президента Южной Африки 10 мая 1994 года и объявил правительство национального единства 11 мая 1994 года. [ 1 ] Кабинет министров включал членов Африканского национального конгресса Манделы , Национальной партии и Партии свободы Инкаты , поскольку пункт 88 Временной конституции Южной Африки требовал, чтобы все стороны, выигравшие более 20 мест в Национальном собрании, должны были представлять в кабинете. После его формирования он состоял из 27 министров, с еще 13 заместителями министров. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Фон
[ редактировать ]На выборах от 27 апреля 1994 года Африканский национальный конгресс (АНК) получил большинство мест в Национальном собрании и, таким образом, мог создать правительство самостоятельно. Две главные партии, которые использовали положение для правительства национального единства (GNU), были Национальной партией (NP) и Партия свободы Инкаты (IFP), которые получили портфели кабинета для их лидеров и других членов парламента. Президент Нельсон Мандела также пригласил другие стороны присоединиться к кабинету, даже если они не получили минимальные двадцать мест в Национальном собрании.
The aims of the GNU centred on governing by consensus and building peace while correcting the social and economic injustices left by the legacy of apartheid.[4] It also oversaw the development of the final post-apartheid Constitution, which was carried out by the two chambers of parliament, the Senate and National Assembly.
On 8 May 1996 the final Constitution was adopted by the National Assembly and one day later, second Deputy President of the Republic F. W. de Klerk announced the withdrawal of his National Party from the GNU, with effect from 30 June. De Klerk said that the withdrawal was related to the need for a strong opposition to the ANC and that it was an "important step in the growing maturity and normalization of our young democracy".[5]
The requirement for the GNU lapsed at the end of the first Parliament in 1999. Even so, the IFP continued to hold seats in the government, as minority partners, until the elections of 2004.
Membership
[edit]
Reshuffles
[edit]The first cabinet change occurred in mid-1994, when Derek Keys resigned as Minister of Finance and was replaced by Chris Liebenberg.[6] Sankie Mthembi-Mahanyele became Minister of Housing in January 1995 after Joe Slovo died.[7] In February 1996, Roelf Meyer resigned as Minister of Constitutional Development Provincial Affairs after being appointed secretary-general of the NP; the NP nominated John Mavuso to replace him in the cabinet, but in a newly created position as Minister of General Services.[8]
On 28 March 1996, Mandela announced that Liebenberg himself had resigned and would be succeeded by Trevor Manuel; Liebenberg's deputy, Alec Erwin, in turn took over Manuel's portfolio as Minister of Trade and Industry.[9][10] Later the same week, Pallo Jordan was fired as Minister of Posts and Telecommunications and was replaced by Jay Naidoo, formerly a minister without portfolio with responsibility for the Reconstruction and Development Programme office (subsequently closed).[11]
The first and only major cabinet reshuffle was announced after de Klerk announced the NP's withdrawal from the cabinet, which would take effect on 30 June 1996. The NP's seats in the cabinet were ceded to the ANC, and in May, Mandela announced four new ministerial appointments: the shuffle saw Valli Moosa named as Minister of Constitutional Development and Provincial Affairs, Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi named as Minister of Welfare and Population Development, Penuell Maduna named as Minister of Minerals and Energy, and Pallo Jordan returned to the cabinet as Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism. Derek Hanekom's land affairs portfolio was expanded to become the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Affairs. The second deputy presidency, formerly held by de Klerk, was abolished, as was Mavuso's general services portfolio.[12]
Peter Mokaba replaced Bantu Holomisa as Deputy Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism in August 1996,[13] and Lionel Mtshali succeeded Ben Ngubane as Minister of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology in September 1996 after Ngubane resigned to join the KwaZulu-Natal government.[14]
See also
[edit]- History of the Cabinet of South Africa
- Negotiations to end apartheid
- 22nd Parliament of South Africa
References
[edit]- ^ "Mandela Completes His Cabinet, Giving Buthelezi a Post". The New York Times. 12 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
- ^ "South African Government Meets National Unity Test". Christian Science Monitor. 13 May 1994. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
- ^ "Glance At Mandela's Cabinet With AM-South Africa". AP News. 11 May 1994. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
- ^ Southern, Neil (2020). "The pitfalls of power sharing in a new democracy: the case of the National Party in South Africa". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 58 (2): 281–299. doi:10.1017/S0022278X2000018X. ISSN 0022-278X.
- ^ Daley, Suzanne (10 May 1996). "De Klerk's Party Quits Government". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
- ^ "The Banking Bureaucrat". The Mail & Guardian. 8 July 1994. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
- ^ "A Tearful Exit for Outgoing Housing Minister". allAfrica. 24 February 2003. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
- ^ "White-Led Party Appoints First Black to Cabinet Post". AP News. 9 February 1996. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
- ^ "Mandela's First Shuffle Of Cabinet Jitters Some". Christian Science Monitor. 1 April 1996. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
- ^ "Liebenberg replaced by Manuel". The Mail & Guardian. 29 March 1996. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
- ^ "Flood of support for Jordan". The Mail & Guardian. 12 April 1996. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
- ^ "Mandela Revamps Cabinet in South Africa". Los Angeles Times. 14 May 1996. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
- ^ ANC Daily News Briefing, 27 July 1996[permanent dead link]
- ^ Спенсер Джонс, Джонатан (6 сентября 1996 г.). «Новый министр поднимает эстафету» . Наука . 273 (5280): 1333. DOI : 10.1126/Science.273.5280.1333.a . ISSN 0036-8075 .