Элегантный хохлатый Тинаму
| Элегантный хохлатый Тинаму | |
|---|---|
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| В зоопарке Бронкса , Нью -Йорк | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Infraclass: | Palaeognathae |
| Order: | Tinamiformes |
| Family: | Tinamidae |
| Genus: | Eudromia |
| Species: | E. elegans
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| Binomial name | |
| Eudromia elegans Saint-Hilaire, 1832[2]
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| Subspecies[2] | |
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E. e. elegans(Saint-Hilaire, 1832) | |
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| Synonyms | |
Элегантный хохлатый Тинаму или Мартинета Тинаму ( Eudromia elegans среднего размера )-это Тинаму , которую можно найти в южной части Чили и Аргентины [ 6 ] в кустарнике . [ 7 ] Птица имеет всеядную диету. Этот вид является наземным из -за их плохой летной способности.
Описание
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Элегантный хитрый Тинаму -это куропапая птица в форме с округлыми крыльями. Птица представляет собой оливко-коричневый цвет с оперением в основном черно-белыми вермикуляциями . Птица имеет длинную не совсем белую полосу, которая начинается над глазами и продолжается вниз по боковой стороне шеи. Клюк короткий, доходит до резкой вертикальной точки. Ноги и ноги видов короткие и прочные, построены для бега. Обе эти функции имеют беловамую серую окраску. [ 8 ] Элегантный хитрый Тинаму составляет в среднем от 39 до 41 см (15–16 дюймов). Их можно найти в стадах около 5-10 птиц, и их часто обнаруживаются с помощью свистков. [ 8 ]
Среда обитания
[ редактировать ]The elegant crested tinamou avoids tall and dense grasses and very thick stands of brush. Ideal environments include dry arid grasslands, open thicket, dry savanna, exposed hills with outlying patches of bushes, and cultivated farmlands.[9] This bird is found in higher elevations(2,500 m (8,200 ft)) and found all the way down to sea level.[7] They live throughout Argentina and Chile. In 1970, there was an attempted introduction of 89 birds near Benkelman, Nebraska, but it was unsuccessful.[10]
Diet and foraging
[edit]While the elegant crested tinamou is classified as omnivorous, their diet varies depending on the season. During winter their diet consists of plant grain, fruits, leaves, and buds, However, in the summer they eat an abundant amount of insects that inhabit the area. When searching for food they cover large distances unless the food is plentiful, they will stay in that same area.[11]
Behavior
[edit]The crested-tinamou is very terrestrial, it often runs and walks on the ground, unlike other birds. They spend the night at regular roost-sites. To clean, they perform regular dust-bathing in order to remove parasites from their plumage.[11] In case of being hunted the birds are extremely wary. When one is alarmed they stand very tall to look for the source of danger then retreat to cover; they either hide behind vegetation or flatten themselves on the ground and bow their head down to feet level.[8] The call they use is a loud sad whistle.[12]
Breeding
[edit]The nest is a hollow on the ground formed by both birds and situated close to a low bush.[13] Only the male provides parental care, incubates the eggs, and raises the young. When the young chicks hatch, they are down-covered and can run. They leave the nest almost immediately, but remain with the male for a certain period of time, becoming independent by three to four months of age.[8] The tinamou, unlike others, flocks regularly, especially in winter.[13]
Flight
[edit]The elegant crested tinamou can fly short distances, but they are not adequately built to fly. They can only fly about 500 meters, before landing again. In areas where there are very few obstacles, they glide with interspersed flaps, recalling partridges. Due to the short wings and tail, if the bird loses control at take-off, it may fly into obstacles such as branches, wires, or walls, which can have fatal consequences.[11]
Migration
[edit]The elegant crested tinamou stays stationary in its range, during winter they move in groups and cover large territories in the search for food.[11]
Etymology
[edit]Eudromia comes from two Greek words, eu meaning well or nicely, and dromos meaning a running escape. These definitions together mean, nice running escape, which refers to their habit of escaping predators by running. Finally, elegans means neat or elegant, and martinete is Spanish for night heron because its elegant crest is reminiscent of a night heron's crest.[13]
Taxonomy
[edit]
All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also ratites. Unlike other ratites, tinamous can fly, although in general they are not strong fliers. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds, and tinamous are the closest living relative of these birds.[12]
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire first identified the elegant crested tinamou from a specimen from South America, in 1832.[12]
Subspecies
[edit]Source:[6]
- E. e. elegans, the nominate race, occurs in central Argentina; Neuquén and Rio Negro Provinces
- E. e. intermedia occurs in the Andes of northwestern Argentina; Salta and Catamarca Provinces
- E. e. magnistriata occurs in the Andes of northwestern Argentina; Tucumán and northern Córdoba Provinces
- E. e. riojana occurs in the Andes of northwestern Argentina; La Rioja and San Juan Provinces
- E. e. albida occurs in the dry savannah of western Argentina, in San Juan Province
- E. e. devia occurs at the base of the Andes in southwestern Argentina in Neuquén Province
- E. e. patagonica occurs in southern Argentina; Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, and Santa Cruz Provinces and adjacent southern Chile; Biobío to Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Provinces
- E. e. numida occurs in dry grasslands of central Argentina
- E. e. wetmorei occurs in the Andean foothills of north central Mendoza Province, western Argentina
Conservation
[edit]
Although this species is heavily hunted for food and sport, the elegant crested tinamou is not uncommon and has a large range of 1,400,000 km2 (540,000 sq mi).[7] It is evaluated as Least Concern of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[1] Their predators include skunks, foxes, wild cats, and raptors, such as the red-backed hawk.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b BirdLife International (2016). "Eudromia elegans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22678289A92765892. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678289A92765892.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Brands, Sheila, ed. (2021). "Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Eudromia elegans". Project: The Taxonomicon. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ Birds of the Lower Uruguay (Concluded). Walter B. Barrows, The Auk, Vol. 1, No. 4 (Oct., 1884), description # 206, page 318, doi:10.2307/4067223 (Stable URL)
- ^ On the alimentary canal of the Martineta Tinamou (Calodromas elegans). FE Beddard, Ibis, Volume 32, Issue 1, January 1890, pages 61–66 , doi : 10.1111/j.1474-919x.1890.tb06466.x
- ^ Dabbene, R. (1923-12) La Martineta (Calopezus elegans) в Санта-Крус (Патагония). Хорнеро 003 (02): 195a-195
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Клементс, Джеймс (2007). Контрольный список Клементских Птиц мира (6 -е изд.). Итака, Нью -Йорк: издательство Корнелльского университета. ISBN 978-0-8014-4501-9 .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в BirdLife International (2008). «Элегантный хитрый Тинаму - Фактический лист видов птиц» . Зона данных . Получено 12 февраля 2009 года .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в дюймовый и Гомес, Витор (2020-03-04). Шуленберг, Томас С (ред.). «Элегантный гребень-Тинаму (Eudromia elegans)» . Птицы мира . doi : 10.2173/bow.elctin1.01 . S2CID 216482464 .
- ^ «Зоопарк Торонто | Животные» . www.torontozoo.com . Получено 2021-10-19 .
- ^ Silcock, WR и JG Jorgensen. 2023. Элегантный хриплый Тинаму (Cygnus Buccinator). В «Птицах Небраски» - онлайн. www.birdsofnebraska.org
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в дюймовый "Элегантный гребень-Тинаму" . www.oiseaux-birds.com . Получено 2021-10-19 .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в Дэвис, SJJF (2003). "Тинамоус". В Хатчинсе, Майкл (ред.). Энциклопедия животной жизни Грзимека . Тол. 8 птиц I Tinamous и Ratites to Hoatzins (2 -е изд.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. с. 57–59, 66. ISBN 0-7876-5784-0 .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в Gotch, AF (1995) [1979]. "Тинамоус". Латинские имена объяснены. Руководство по научным классификациям рептилий, птиц и млекопитающих . Нью -Йорк, Нью -Йорк: Факты в файле. п. 183. ISBN 0-8160-3377-3 .
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]- фактические таблицы видов Birdlife Архивировал 2007-09-29 на машине Wayback