Королевство Собрбе
Королевство Собрбе было легендарным предшественником Королевства Арагона и современного региона Собрбе (из Латинского Супер Арбема , на горе Арбе). Согласно поздней средневековой легенде, Королевство с его столицей в Aínsa было продуктом Reconquista . Легенда частично основана на историческом происхождении Королевства Памплона .
Легенда и историография
[ редактировать ]After the Muslim invasion of Spain, the local Christians of what was to become Sobrarbe met at "Espelunga de Galión" in the year 724, in the place where today stands the monastery of San Juan de la Peña. There they created an army to fight the invaders and elected as their leader a certain García (Garzía) Ximéniz. Since the Muslims had already taken Jaca, the chief city of the region, the Christians decided to attack Aínsa. After a prolonged siege they took the city and re-fortified it effectively. When the Muslims counter-besieged it with four times the troops the fall of the city appeared imminent. Then out of the sky appeared a vermillion cross atop an oak tree on a gold field. Interpreted as a sign from God, the cross encouraged the Christians and the Muslims were put to flight. In accordance with vows taken at Espelunga, García Ximéniz, in response to the victory, founded a hermitage dedicated to John the Baptist at the site. This evolved into the monastery of San Juan de la Peña under García's successors. The kingdom that was baptised at Aínsa they named Sobrarbe, because it was founded "on a tree" (Sobre Arbre ) Когда там появился крест.
According to Gualberto Fabricio de Vagad in his Crónica de Aragón (1499), the second king of Sobrarbe, García Ennéguiz (Garci Íñigo), conquered Pamplona from the Muslims in the time of Charlemagne. He gives all the kings of Aragon a number as king of Sobrarbe, thus making Alfonso III of Aragon into the 20th king of Sobrarbe.[1]
The image of the red cross on a tree against field of gold was incorporated into the Aragonese coat-of-arms in the top left quarter. By the fifteenth century the legend had been incorporated into the Aragonese national consciousness. It was given a full, historicising treatment in the five-volume Renaissance history of Aragon, De Aragoniae Regibus et eorum rebus gestis libri V (1509), by Lucio Marineo Sículo, who describes the reigns of its kings in turn. By the late sixteenth century its historicity was widely accepted and it appears in the fourth volume of the Corónica general de España (Córdoba: 1584) by Ambrosio de Morales, court historian of Philip II of Spain, among other general histories of the peninsula and of its kingdoms.
Laws
[edit]The Fueros de Sobrarbe were the most influential component of the legend and a school of legal thought, the "foralists", arose in defence of Aragon's supposedly ancient customs. Mostly fabricated, the laws have been studied in depth in English by Ralph E. Giesey.[1] The Aragonese jurist Juan Ximénez Cerdán in his Letra intimada describes how the office of Justicia of Aragon was said to have arisen:
Certain peoples conquered from the Moors a certain part of the kingdom in the mountains of Sobrarbe, and since these were communities with neither governor nor alderman, and given that there were many disputes and debates among them, it was determined that, to avoid such problems and so that they might live in peace, they should elect a king to reign over them ... but that there should be a Judge between them and the king, who would hold the title of Justicia of Aragon. It is held by some that the Justicia was elected before the king, and that the king was elected under such conditions. Since then there has always been a Justicia of Aragon in the kingdom, cognisant of all procedures regarding the king, as much in petitioning as in defence.[2]
Спустя более столетия после того, как в 1552 году Чердан в 1552 году был Фуэрос Арагона опубликован , был опубликован с предисловием, переживающим легенду о Собрбе в защиту концепции верховенства закона и приоритета закона королю. В 1588 году Jerónimo de Blancas опубликовал влиятельный трактат Aragonensium rerum Commentarii , который содержит наиболее полный отчет о происхождении Justicia и шесть Fueros de Sobrarbe (Catalan Furs de Sobrarb ), которые король должен принять, чтобы управлять. [3] In the 1580s in a number of cases argued before the tribunals in Zaragoza the laws of Sobrarbe were cited against royal authority, as in the "dispute of the foreign viceroy", when Philip II's appointment of a non-Aragonese viceroy was rejected. In 1625 Bartolomé Leonardo de Argensola wrote that the fueros "united those once irreconcilable qualities, monarchy and liberty, and for this reason the fueros of vassalage in Aragon are called liberties."[4]
Список легендарных королей (и их исторические коллеги)
[ редактировать ]- Гарсия Ximéniz (724–758)
- García Ennégui I (758–802)
- Fortún Garcés I (802–815)
- Санчо Гарсес (815–832)
- Enneco Ariesta (868-870) → íñigo arista
- García Ennéguiz II (870–885) ^ cor garcía i '
- Fortún Garcés II (885–901) → Удача
Примечания
[ редактировать ]- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Посмотрите , нет ли нет: клятва арагонских и легендарных законов Собрбе (Принстон, Нью -Джерси: издательство Принстонского университета, 1968).
- ^ Цитируется и переводится в Ксавье Гил (2003), «Конституционализм арагона и правило Габсбурга: различные значения свободы», в Испании, Европе и Атлантике: эссе в честь Джона Х. Эллиотта, под редакцией Ричарда Л. Кагана и Джеффри: эссе в честь Джона Х. Эллиотта, под редакцией Ричарда Л. Кагана и Джеффри: эссе в честь Джона Х. Эллиотта, под редакцией Ричарда Л. Кагана и Джеффри: эссе в честь Джона Х. Эллиотта , под редакцией Ричарда Л. Кагана и Джеффри: эссе в честь Джона Х. Эллиотта, под редакцией Ричарда Л. Кагана и Джеффри: эссе в честь Джона Х. Эллиотта , под редакцией Ричарда Л. Кагана и Джеффри. Паркер (Кембридж: издательство Кембриджского университета), 164. Лета Интимада была опубликована в Fueros y Obsersancias de Aragón (Zaragoza: 1624), Fos. 44–50. Выдержка от FO. 44 В
- ^ Бланкас был переведен на испанский как комментарии из вещей Арагона М. Эрнандеса (Зарагоса: 1878).
- ^ Гил, 166.
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]- Sobrarbe Archived 2016-03-04 в The Wayback Machine в Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa