Nocera dei pagani
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Nocera dei pagani | |
|---|---|
| Языки Nuceria | |
 Буксир Nocera dei pagani. | |
Расположение Nocera dei pagani | |
  Nocera dei Pagani Location of Nocera dei Pagani in Italy | |
| Coordinates: 40°44′N 14°37′E / 40.733°N 14.617°E | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Campania |
| Province | Province of Salerno |
| Area | |
| • Total | 62 km2 (24 sq mi) |
| Demonym | Nucerian[a] |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 84010; 84014 to 84016 |
| Patron saint | St. Alphonse |
| Saint day | August 1 |
Nocera dei pagani [ B ] ( Латынь : Nuceria paganorum как было известно между 16-м и 1806 годами, была цивитасом которая большую часть -сарнезии , соответствующей пяти современным муниципалитетам: Nocera Inferior агро - ) , включала , носерино Del Monte Albino и Corbara .
История
[ редактировать ]Нукурия
[ редактировать ]In the period before the Roman supremacy in southern Italy, the whole territory was known as Nuceria, the chief town in the Sarnus valley – Herculaneum, Pompeii, Stabiae and Surrentum all being dependent upon it, according to many archaeologists. It maintained its allegiance to Rome until 309 BC, when it joined the Samnites in revolt.[1] In 308 BC it repulsed a Roman attempt to land at the mouth of the Sarnus, but in 307 BC it was besieged and surrendered. It obtained favourable terms, and remained faithful to Rome even after the Battle of Cannae.[1]
In 216 BC Hannibal weakened the town by starvation, then destroyed it. The inhabitants returned when peace was restored. During the Social War, it remained true to Rome. In 73 BC it was plundered by Spartacus.[1]
Saracen colony
[edit]In the Middle Ages (around the 9th century) a small colony of Saracens was introduced in the annexed territory of modern-day Pagani by permission of the Dukes of Naples; according to most sources, it lasted only a few decades, but other sources state that a second colony of Muslim Saracens was later introduced by Frederick II.[2] The town was described as "a genuine Muhammadan town with all its characteristic mosques and minarets."[3] It is said that, through their darker complexion and features, the townsfolk maintain the heritage of these Muslim settlers.[4]
After the mid-9th century the town was part of the principality of Salerno first, and then of the principality of Capua.
Pagano family
[edit]The House of Pagano, an ancient noble family of local lords living in the castle of Cortimpiano (Latin: Curtis in Plano), in the territory of Pagani, apparently took this surname from the Saracen pagans who previously inhabited the area. A family member named Ugo dei Pagani is credited as a crusader knight and founder of the Knights Templar. Reference to Nocera as his birthplace is found at least as early as Baedeker's Southern Italy (1869)[5] and is also found in the Old Catholic Encyclopedia.[6] Two more recent writers say that the theory is supported by a letter that Hugues wrote from Palestine in 1103, in which he talked of writing to "my father in Nocera" to tell him of the death of his cousin Alessandro.[7][8]
Second millennium
[edit]The citadel of Nuceria, located where the future Nocera Inferiore would rise, was besieged by Roger II of Sicily in the battle in 1132. After four months he razed the town to the ground. After its reconstruction, the birth of the modern Nocera began with many hamlets and villages which gradually expanded and became small towns.
During the Angevin dominion (1266–1435) Nocera was rebuilt and took the name of Nuceria Christianorum (Italian: Nocera dei Cristiani, lit. 'Nocera of the Christians'). In 1385 Pope Urban VI was besieged in the city castle by Charles III of Naples.
In the 15th century the town name was changed to Nuceria Paganorum (Italian: Nocera dei Pagani, lit. 'Nocera of the Pagans') in honor of the Pagano family, itself named after the Saracen pagans who previously inhabited the area. Throughout the Spanish domination, the town was subdivided into two departments (Nocera Soprana and Nocera Sottana), each one composed of multiple municipalities.
Every year in August, the male adults of each municipality gathered in public assembly to elect their particular mayor; then – in a different assembly – each department elected the universal mayors: two for Nocera Soprana and one for Nocera Sottana, which together led Nocera dei Pagani as a triumvirate.
| Department | Municipality | Territory |
|---|---|---|
| Nocera Soprana |  Nocera Corpo
|
|
 San Matteo[d]
|
| |
 Tre Casali[d]
|
| |
 Sperandei
|
| |
 Pucciano[g]
|
| |
| Nocera Sottana |  Barbazzano
|
|
 Pagani
|
||
 Sant'Egidio
|
||
 Corbara
|
The town survived until 1806. In 1807 five comuni were established: Barbazzano merged into the comune of Pagani; Sperandei merged into San Matteo Tre Casali,[d] forming the comune of Nocera San Matteo; while Nocera Corpo, Sant'Egidio and Corbara stayed autonomous. In 1834, the remnants of Nocera Soprana (Nocera Corpo and Nocera San Matteo) merged back into a single comune, but fourteen districts of Nocera Corpo (including Pucciano)[g] later asked for self-administration, which was granted by decree No. 1960 on 11 November 1850, with effect from 1 January 1851; thus were born the contemporary comuni of Nocera Superiore (corresponding to most of Nocera Corpo) and Nocera Inferiore (formerly Nocera San Matteo).
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ See Nucerian alphabet.
- ^ Often shortened as Nocera de' Pagani.
- ^ Districts of Piedimonte, Pietraccetta and Borgo.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Tre Casali was autonomous from the 1500s to the 1700s, then merged into the municipality of San Matteo, forming San Matteo Tre Casali.
- ^ Districts of San Matteo, Merichi and Liporta.
- ^ Districts of Capo Casale, Casale Nuovo and Casale del Pozzo.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Formerly part of Nocera Corpo, Pucciano was autonomous from 1570 to 1580, then merged back into the municipality of Nocera Corpo.
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b c Belsito & De Pascale 2013.
- ^ Chisholm 1911, p. 730.
- ^ Browning 1984, p. 300.
- ^ Scott 2013, p. 470–1.
- ^ Baedeker 1869, p. 145.
- ^ Benigni 1911, p. 11087a.
- ^ Rotundo 1983, p. 38.
- ^ Moiraghi 2005.
Works cited
[edit]- Baedeker, Karl (1869) [1867]. Italy: handbook for travellers (in English and German). Vol. III (2 ed.). Coblenz. p. 145.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Belsito, Francesco; De Pascale, Carmine (2013). Storia di Pagani. Monumenti, personaggi, tradizioni (in Italian). Angri: Gaia.
- Бениньи, Умберто (1911). "Nocera dei pagani" . Католическая энциклопедия . Vv.aa. Тол. Xi. Нью -Йорк: Роберт Эпплтон Компания. п. 11087a .
- Браунинг, Роберт (1984). Поэтические произведения Роберта Браунинга . Тол. II Strafford, Sordello (перепечатка, аннотированное изд.). Кларендон Пресс. п. 300. ISBN 9780198123170 .
- Чисхолм, Хью , изд. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica . Тол. 19 (11 -е изд.). Издательство Кембриджского университета. п. 730.
- Moiraghi, Mario (2005). Итальянец, который основал тамплиеры. Hugo de Paganis Cavaliere из Кампании (на итальянском языке). Издания снова. ISBN 978-8851402792 .
- Rundo, Domenico (1983). Тамплиеры, загадки и соборы (на итальянском языке). Рим. п. 38. ISBN 9788865010006 Полем Получено 24 ноября 2023 года .
Я написал своему отцу в Ноцере, который благодарен мне, приехал в Россано, чтобы утешить против имени Мадамы тети Ипполиты
{{cite book}}: CS1 Maint: местоположение отсутствует издатель ( ссылка ) - Скотт, Уолтер (31 августа 2013 г.). Дуглас, Дэвид (ред.). Журнал сэра Уолтера Скотта . Тол. 2: из оригинальной рукописи в Эбботсфорде (иллюстрировано изд.). Издательство Кембриджского университета. С. 470–1. ISBN 9781108064309 Полем
В последней деревне [nocera inferiore] сарацины получили место убежища, от которого он берет имя. Также говорится, что обстоятельства сохраняются в памяти цветом лица и особенностями этой второй ноцеры, которые своеобразно из африканской касты и настойки.
Дальнейшее чтение
[ редактировать ]- Fortunato, Teobaldo, ed. (2006). Nuceria, написанная в честь Раффаэле Пуччи (на итальянском языке). Postiglione (SA).
{{cite book}}: CS1 Maint: местоположение отсутствует издатель ( ссылка ) - Орландо, Геннаро (1888). История Nocera de 'pagani (на итальянском языке). Неаполь.
{{cite book}}: CS1 Maint: местоположение отсутствует издатель ( ссылка ) - Silvestri, Salvatore (1993). S. egidio между историей и легендой. Примечания, гипотезы и документы с 216 AC до 1946 года (на итальянском языке).
- Сильвестри, Сальваторе; Vollaro, Salvatore (2001). С. Эгидио, С. Лоренцо и Корбара. История и семьи (на итальянском языке).
- Silvestri, Salvatore (2010). С. Эгидио. Место под названием Preturo (на итальянском языке). Gaia Editions. ISBN 978-88-89821-75-6 .
Внешние ссылки
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