Речная акула

Речная акула ; Временный диапазон: миоцена - недавний Предварительный Ꞓ А С Дюймовый В П Т Дж K Пг Не ↓
	Speartooth Shark (Glyphis glyphis) в Мельбурнском аквариуме
Научная классификация
Домен:	Эукариота
Королевство:	Животное
Филум:	Chordata
Class:	Chondrichthyes
Subclass:	Elasmobranchii
Subdivision:	Selachimorpha
Order:	Carcharhiniformes
Family:	Carcharhinidae
Genus:	Glyphis; Agassiz, 1843
Type species
	Carcharias (Prionodon) glyphis; Müller & Henle, 1839

Glyphis является родом в семействе Carcharhinidae , обычно известных как речные акулы . Они живут в реках или прибрежных регионах в Юго-Восточной Азии, Африке и некоторых частях Австралии и его окрестностях.

Таксономия

Этот род содержит только три существующих вида. Дальнейшие виды могут легко остаться неоткрытыми из -за их скрытных привычек. ^{[ 2 ]} Считалось, что этот род содержит пять различных видов , но недавние исследования молекулярных данных показали, что вид Glyphis Gangeticus имеет нерегулярное распределение в Индо-западной части Тихого океана. ^{[ 3 ]}

Разновидность

Признанные виды в этом роде: ^{[ 4 ]}

Glyphis foowlerae Compagno, White & Cavangh, 2010 (Borneo River Shk) Синоним G. gangicus ^{[ 2 ]}
Glyphis gangeticus ( JP Müller & Henle , 1839) ( Ганг -акула)
Glyphis garricki L. J. V. Compagno, W. T. White & Last, 2008 (northern river shark)
Glyphis glyphis (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (speartooth shark)
†Glyphis hastalis Agassiz, 1843^[1]
†Glyphis pagoda (Noetling, 1901)
Glyphis siamensis (Steindachner, 1896) (Irrawaddy river shark) synonym of G. gangeticus^[2]

Distribution and habitat

Their precise geographic range is uncertain, but the known species are documented in parts of Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, New Guinea^[5] and Australia. Of the three currently described species, the Ganges shark is restricted to freshwater, while the northern river shark and the speartooth shark are found in coastal marine waters, as well. While the bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) is sometimes called both the river shark and the Ganges shark, it should not be confused with the river sharks of the genus Glyphis. River sharks evolved to have their offspring in freshwater, therefore, making them safe to roam in the water while other sharks are able to survive in saltwater.

Conservation

River sharks remain very poorly known to researchers. River sharks were thought to be extinct until the end of the 20th century, when small populations were discovered in Borneo and Northern Australia.^[6] Now, they face a critically endangered status as they are so poorly studied, and people know very little about their population and life history.

Glyphis gangeticus uses the Ganges River as nursery grounds and the birthplace of many Ganges shark offspring, however the population has been severely diminished owing to a long history of fishing and other pollution-related issues in the Northern Arabian Sea. Additionally, India, where the Ganges river flows, is reported to be one of the top three greatest shark and ray capturers in the world, accounting for up to 9 percent of reported global landings (Jabado et al., 2018). They are reported from the Zambezi river in Africa. They have been found in nine different tidal areas, which consist of muddy waters with a low salinity. Their placement in connection to coastal marine waters indicates that they are usually born around October.^[5]

Images

Ganges shark (G. gangeticus)
Northern river shark (G. garricki)
Speartooth shark (G. glyphis)

Media related to Glyphis at Wikimedia Commons

References

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Glyphis Agassiz 1843 (river shark)". Fossilworks.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Li, Chenhong; Corrigan, Shannon; Yang, Lei; Straube, Nicolas; Harris, Mark; Hofreiter, Michael; White, William T; Naylor, Gavin J. P (2015). "DNA capture reveals transoceanic gene flow in endangered river sharks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (43): 13302–7. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11213302L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1508735112. PMC 4629339. PMID 26460025.
^ Jabado, R. W.; Kyne, P. M.; Nazareth, E.; Sutaria, D. N. (2018). "A rare contemporary record of the Critically Endangered Ganges shark Glyphis gangeticus". Journal of Fish Biology. 92 (5): 1663–1669. Bibcode:2018JFBio..92.1663J. doi:10.1111/jfb.13619. ISSN 1095-8649. PMID 29611178.
^ Bailly, Nicolas (2014). "Glyphis Agassiz, 1843". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b White WT; Appleyard SA; Sabub B; Kyne PM; Harris M; Lis R; et al. (October 7, 2015). "Rediscovery of the Threatened River Sharks, Glyphis garricki and G. glyphis, in Papua New Guinea". PLoS ONE. 10 (10): e0140075. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1040075W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140075. PMC 4596488. PMID 26445387.
^ Li, Chenhong; Corrigan, Shannon; Yang, Lei; Straube, Nicolas; Harris, Mark; Hofreiter, Michael; White, William T.; Naylor, Gavin J. P. (2015). "DNA capture reveals transoceanic gene flow in endangered river sharks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (43): 13302–13307. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11213302L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1508735112. ISSN 0027-8424. JSTOR 26465770. PMC 4629339.

[FW-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b "Glyphis Agassiz 1843 (river shark)". Fossilworks.

[pmid26460025-2] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Li, Chenhong; Corrigan, Shannon; Yang, Lei; Straube, Nicolas; Harris, Mark; Hofreiter, Michael; White, William T; Naylor, Gavin J. P (2015). "DNA capture reveals transoceanic gene flow in endangered river sharks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (43): 13302–7. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11213302L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1508735112. PMC 4629339. PMID 26460025.

[3] Jabado, R. W.; Kyne, P. M.; Nazareth, E.; Sutaria, D. N. (2018). "A rare contemporary record of the Critically Endangered Ganges shark Glyphis gangeticus". Journal of Fish Biology. 92 (5): 1663–1669. Bibcode:2018JFBio..92.1663J. doi:10.1111/jfb.13619. ISSN 1095-8649. PMID 29611178.

[4] Bailly, Nicolas (2014). "Glyphis Agassiz, 1843". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 6 July 2023.

[P1-5] Jump up to: ^a ^b White WT; Appleyard SA; Sabub B; Kyne PM; Harris M; Lis R; et al. (October 7, 2015). "Rediscovery of the Threatened River Sharks, Glyphis garricki and G. glyphis, in Papua New Guinea". PLoS ONE. 10 (10): e0140075. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1040075W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140075. PMC 4596488. PMID 26445387.

[6] Li, Chenhong; Corrigan, Shannon; Yang, Lei; Straube, Nicolas; Harris, Mark; Hofreiter, Michael; White, William T.; Naylor, Gavin J. P. (2015). "DNA capture reveals transoceanic gene flow in endangered river sharks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (43): 13302–13307. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11213302L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1508735112. ISSN 0027-8424. JSTOR 26465770. PMC 4629339.

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