Kuang (surname)
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|
 Kuang surname in traditional Chinese | |
| Pronunciation | Kuàng (Pinyin) |
|---|---|
| Language(s) | Chinese |
| Origin | |
| Word/name | Central Plains China, Henan province |
| Derivation | State of Kuang |
| Other names | |
| Variant form(s) | Kwong, Kuong, Kwang, Quong, Kong, Khong Toisan: Fong, Fhon |
| See also | Lei |
Kuang (traditional Chinese: 鄺; simplified Chinese: 邝; pinyin: kuàng; Wade–Giles: k'uang; Jyutping: Kwong3) is a Chinese surname that originated from central China. Although Kuang is not amongst the 100 most common Chinese surnames, it is common amongst the Chinese diaspora in Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Philippines, United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Fiji, Thailand, Peru, Cuba, Burma, Indonesia and Reunion Island.[citation needed]
Origin
[edit]Since the Han dynasty, the Kuang family had a prominent role in the Han aristocracy. Several high generals and commissioners were from the Kuang clan. The last recorded Kuang aristocracy was of the Ming dynasty.[citation needed]
Since the collapse of the Han dynasty and the start of an era of political unrest, during the Three Kingdoms period in 220 CE, several members of the Kuang clan migrated south in pursuit of a brighter future for their descendants in more fertile and peaceful lands.[citation needed]
Variations
[edit]Variations of the surname Kwong are also common. These include different spellings of the English term and versions from other countries and cultures. In the overseas communities, those with the spelling Kwong trace their origins to families who have emigrated overseas before the 1970s when mainland China reformed its romanisation system, adjusting the surname spelling to Kuàng. Hong Kong residents continue to use the spelling Kwong along with most overseas Chinese communities, especially those that emigrated before the 1970s.[citation needed]
Alternatively, since the majority of Kwongs trace their origins to Toishan[clarify] and Panyu, both coastal counties in Kwangtung[clarify] province, many Kwongs pronounce the name Fong,[citation needed] in accordance with the pronunciation of the local dialect.
In addition, at the beginning of the 20th century, when many new Chinese immigrants were entering the U.S., those filling out ships' manifests sometimes spelled it in a variety of ways, including Kuàng, Kuang, Kong, Kwang, Kuong, Kwong, and Fong. In Australia, the surname can be spelled as Quong. In Peru, the surname can be spelled Fohn or Fong.
In Trujillo, Peru, the surname Fhon comes from Panyu. The surname of a man named 鄺其莊[clarification needed] who emigrated to Peru in the early 1900s was translated by a Chinese consulate member in Lima, Peru, to Aurelio Kin Chong Fhon at his arrival from China, with Aurelio probably picked by the man. His mother's maiden name was Huayno (Ou-Yang 歐陽) also from Panyu, Kwangtung province. The surname Fhon started in Trujillo and nowadays they can be found in many regions of the American continent, including the United States of America.
Family motto
[edit]The Kuang clan ancestral ritual motto (traditional Chinese: 鄺姓宗祠通用對聯; simplified Chinese: 邝姓宗祠通用对联; pinyin: kùang xìng zōngcí tōngyòng duìlían; Wade–Giles: k'uang sheng tsungch'h t'ungyung tuiliehn) is "One origin evolved into three ancestries" (traditional Chinese: 源同一脈；衍以三宗; simplified Chinese: 源同一脉；衍以三宗; pinyin: yuán tóngyī mài; yǎn yǐ sān zōng)
This motto reflects the unique familial history of the Kuang's, as the Kuang, the Lei, and the Fang families all evolved from a common ancestor.
The Kuang clan ancestral seven-character motto (traditional Chinese: 鄺姓宗祠七言通用聯; simplified Chinese: 邝姓宗祠七言通用联; pinyin: kùang xìng zōngcí qīyán tōngyòng lían; Wade–Giles: k'uang sheng tsungch'h ch'ihyan t'ungyung liehn) is
"the official dies in Haixue Hall; the warrior dies in defense of the fort" (traditional Chinese: 海雪堂遺臣死節； 土木堡兵部殉忠; simplified Chinese: 海雪堂遗臣死节； 土木堡兵部殉忠; pinyin: Hǎixuě Táng yíchén sǐjié; Tǔmù Bǔ bīngbù xùnzhōng
The motto commemorates two of the greatest Ming dynasty officials in the family. The first line records Kuang Lu (鄺露)'s suicide in Haixue Hall in the face of invading Manchurian rebels and memorializes his loyalty to the country and the emperor. And the second line tells Kuang Ye (鄺埜)'s death in the defense of a southern Ming city against Mongol invasion and reminds people of the exemplar's loyalty and valor.
Dispersion
[edit]
Early dispersion in Guangdong Province
[edit]According to the Chinese classical text Sheng Yuan (姓苑), "Many in Guangdong's Nanhai County bears the Kuang surname."
The fourth son of Yiping, Kuang Zhun (邝谆) had three sons. Ordered by their father to disperse and spread the family name, the second son of Kuang Zhun, Kuang Yizheng (邝一声) migrated to Kukang in Xinhua County, Guangdong where he became the ancestor of the Xinhua, Kaiping, and Taishan lineage of the Kuang family. Zhun's third son, Kuang Yijun (一俊), returned to the original home of the Kuang family in Guangdong, located in Dazhan, Nanhai County, Guangdong.
Dispersion in Taishan County, Guangdong
[edit]During the reign of Emperor Lihong of the Song dynasty, Kuang Xing (邝兴, style name Gong Biao 公表), the fourth-generation ancestor of the Kuang clan in Guangdong, migrated from Pan Village, Kaiping County to Chengyun Village, Zhongxin Village, Xining County, now known as Zhongxin Village, Chengyun Administrative District, Sanba Village, Taishan Municipality, and became the ancestor of the Kuang clan in Taishan, the largest today in mainland China. Since the founding of Huaxing's Taishan-based ancestral branch, over 30 generations of Kuang's have taken root in Chengyun Village, with a total of 13,835 individuals dispersed in 12 towns and 154 villages sharing the surname in Taishan alone according to municipal statistics.
Dispersion overseas
[edit]Originating from mainland China, there are over 5 million Kuang's today (including variations), dispersed mostly in China and in the ethnic Chinese communities in Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Philippines, United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Fiji, Thailand, Cuba, Burma, Indonesia.
In the United States, 0.001% of the population has the last name "Kwong."
Notable individuals
[edit]Kuang Zhun (鄺諄), Kuang Yiping's fourth son, won the imperial examinations in AD 1142. In 1146, he received his commission and in 1152, is appointed the administrative governor of Anching in Lin'an (臨安京城), a Song dynasty capital. In 1168, he was named the Advisor to the Crown Prince (Chinese: 太子太保; pinyin: tàizǐ tàibǎo; Wade–Giles: taizi t'aipao); the imperial inspector of the emperor's dining (simplified Chinese: 光禄大夫; traditional Chinese: 光祿大夫; pinyin: guānglù dàfū; Wade–Giles: kuanglu-tafu); and the rank of nobility and peerage and remained the governor of Lin'an for 60 years. Zhun's wives, He and Feng, were named noble women (一品夫人) at the same time. In AD 1217, the Mongol army invaded the Song and Kuang Zhun ventured north to Yunjing to lead the defense against the Mongols. In AD 1218, Zhun resigned from the court and moves his entire clan back to Heyuan County, Huizhou, Guangdong. He died in AD 1219 of exhaustion. His eldest son, Kuang Yi yuan (鄺一元), remained in Huizhou to guard Zhun's grave until his death.
Kuang Yasheng (鄺一聲), was the third-generation ancestor of the Guangdong clan of the Kuang surname and the third son of Kuang Zhun. Born 2 October 1155, he won the imperial examinations at age 26 and during his thirty years of government service was named the Chief Imperial Doctor (Chinese: 朝奉大夫; pinyin: cháofèng dàifu)，director of the Ministry of Punishments (Chinese: 刑部主政; pinyin: Xíngbù zhǔchèng)，Chancellor of the Imperial college (simplified Chinese: 国子监忌酒; traditional Chinese: 國子監祭酒; pinyin: Guózǐjiàn jìjiǔ), administrative director (simplified Chinese: 尚宝司暑; traditional Chinese: 尚寶司署; pinyin: Shàngbàosī shǔ), Governor of Palace Security (simplified Chinese: 钦差提督; traditional Chinese: 欽差提督; pinyin: Qīnchāi tídū), Minister of Punishments (simplified Chinese: 刑部尚书; traditional Chinese: 刑部尚書; pinyin: Xíngbù shàngshū), and the Advisor to the Crown Prince (Chinese: 太子太保; pinyin: tàizǐ tàibǎo; Wade–Giles: taizi t'aipao). He died 8 July 1246, leaving behind two sons, Kui (奎，style name Gong Shao 字公昭) who became the ancestor of the Kuang clan in Pan Village, Kaiping County, and Xing (興, style name Gong Biao 字公表).
Kuang Lu (鄺露, style name Zhan Ruo "湛若" and psedo-name "Haixue" 海雪) (AD 1604–1650), of Hainan County, Guangdong, was a Ming dynasty literato, specializing in poetry, literature, and calligraphy. In 1634, seventh year of the Chongzhen Emperor's reign (崇禎七年), he offended the magistrate of Hainan County and was exiled to Guangxi province where he became the scribe for five clans, the Cen, Lan, Hu, Hou, and P'an (岑、藍、胡、侯、槃). He later became employed by Yunshan (雲鄲娘), a female warrior of the Yao tribe (瑤族), an ethnic Chinese tribe, and became familiar with the cultural anthropology, geography, and agriculture of the Yao peoples. He later authored Chiya (赤雅), now considered an authoritative book of the ethnic minority cultures and geography of the Guangxi region. He was later employed by King Tang in the Southern Ming period (南明唐王) where he was sent as an emissary to Guangzhou by the Yongli Emperor. When the Manchurian armies conquered the Ming empire, Kuang Lu committed suicide while embracing a traditional Chinese zither, weapon, and a classical text. Kuang Lu, the word Cham if the Hoi snow; the Guangdong Nanhai person (now Hainan Otsu). Famous late Ming Minister.
Kuang Ye (鄺埜, style name "Mengzhi" 孟質), of Yizheng County, Hunan, was a Ming dynasty literato, winning the imperial examination in the reign of the Yongle Emperor and was appointed a position in the Imperial Defense department (兵部右侍郎). Ye's father, Kuang Zifu (鄺子輔), was an Anfu county magistrate (安福縣令) and later the chief educational minister of Chüjung County (句容縣教諭). According to the biography of Kuang Ye in the History of Ming, Zifu was known as a remarkable educator and parent, shaping Mengzhi to become a studious, righteous, incorrupt, serious person exhibiting the utmost filial piety towards his parents. When he was appointed the magistrate of Shan-Tso County, Ye became overcome with solitude from his parents, and decided to employ his father as the county examinations official. When Zifu was notified of this, he became angry, telling his son that as a magistrate, he should not appoint an elder as an employee, due to improper observation of filial piety, remarking that "A son cannot control or complain about a father's work." On another occasion, Mengzhi sent some robes made of a rough cloth to Zifu, and Zifu repudiated Ye, telling him that, "Why then do you insult me by sending me such clothes?" When Ye learned of his father's reaction he broke into tears, accepting his father's scolding. The Kwong Wild Yizhang people (1385 to 1449 years), the Yongle nine (1411 years) Scholars, the word Meng quality, the Yizhang people, Bingbushangshu.[ нужно разъяснения ]
Куанг Юэ Гуан (鄺曰廣 鄺曰廣), литератора Мин и уроженец округа Пану , Гуандун, был администратором крепости Мин Сяньгиинг . В правлении императора Чунгшана Монголь Бандиты окружили город, Руиганг защищал город и был убит под мечом Бандита, рядом со своей женой, наложней, двумя сыновьями и двумя дочерьми. Квонг сказал, что Кантон десятилетие Чунгшан (1637 лет) ученых, Южно -Китайское море, династия Мин, Сяньгическое толкование. [ нужно разъяснения ]
Хирам Фонг * (鄺友良), уроженец округа Тайшан, Кантон, был американским политиком 20-го века. Истинная легенда Горацио Алджера , Фонг родился в бедной семье в Калихи, Гавайи, 1 октября 1907 года, как Яу Леонг Фонг . Будучи молодежью, Фонг посещал государственные школы и провел множество рабочих мест, чтобы поддержать свою семью, продавая бобы и газеты, сияющие туфли и кэдинг гольф на четверть за девять лунок. Позже он учился в Гавайском университете, где он был редактором Ka Leo и Ka Palapala, ежегодника, и был кадетом ROTC, который платил 30 центов в день, «который заплатил за мой обед», - рассказал Фонг. В 1930 году Фонг с отличием окончил UH и посещал Гарвардскую юридическую школу в 1932 году, позже работая заместителем городского прокурора в Гонолулу. 31 и был выбран спикером дома. Его служба в территориальном доме остановилась с началом Второй мировой войны в 1942 году, однако, когда его призвали к действию, служив в качестве адвоката судьи с 7 -м истребителем Седьмого ВВС, заработав звание майора, а затем уходя на пенсию как полковник в Заповедник ВВС США . После его службы Второй мировой войны Фонг вернулся на свое место территориального законодательного собрания, завершив свой срок в качестве вице-президента территориальной конституционной конвенции в 1950 году. В 1959 году, после успешного наращивания одной из крупнейших страховых финансовых империй на Гавайях. Он баллотировался на одно из двух новых мест в Сенате США для государства, став единственным республиканцем, который когда -либо представлял Гавайи в Сенате и единственным азиатским американец, который служил в Соединенных Штатах. Фонг занимал место до 2 января 1977 года, когда он ушел из политики в качестве ранжирования республиканца в шести комитетах от сельского хозяйства до выхода на пенсию. Он вернулся в свою финансовую империю в 1976 году, занимая должность председателя Finance Enterprises, Ltd. Он умер из -за почечной недостаточности 18 августа 2004 года и пострадал в Мемориальном парке Nuuanu и Mortuary.
Джозеф Ненг Шун Квонг был химическим инженером, который вместе с Отто Редлихом разработал уравнение штата Редлих -Квонг .
Питер Квонг , или самый преподобный доктор Питер Конг-Кит Квонг (鄺廣傑), является архиепископом англиканской провинции Гонконг и служил первым китайским приматом англиканского причастия до 2006 Пол Квонг.
Ли-Джен Квонг (鄺麗貞), первая женщина-мэр Тай-Тун, Тайвань, Китайская Республика. Жена бывшего мэра Тай-Тун Ву Джун-Ли, Ли-Джен Квонг, представляет Куминтана , китайской националистической партии.
Пол Квонг , или самый преподобный доктор Пол Квонг (鄺保祿) является приматом Гонконга Шенг Кунг Хуи Гонконгский остров Епархия．
Мэтт Фонг † (鄺傑靈) - приемный сын бывшего государственного секретаря Демократической партии марта Фонг ЕС Калифорнии. Он является выпускником ВВС США в 1975 году в 1975 году и юридической школой Юго -Западного университета в Лос -Анджелесе в 1985 году, которая служила подполковником в ВВС. Фонг был заместителем председателя государственного совета по выравниванию с 1990 по 1994 год и в качестве государственного казначея до 1998 года. На выборах в Сенат в США, 1998 года он бросил вызов заседанию сенатора Калифорнии Барбары Барбары Барбары Барбары Барбары безуспешно . С тех пор он вернулся к юридической практике и был назначен президентом Джорджем Бушем в качестве председателя Консультативного совета по гарантийной корпорации пенсионных пособий.
- † Примечание. Из -за диалекта Тайшана, который произносит Квонг как «Фонг», имя было транслитерировано на Фонг на английском языке.
Кэлли Квонг (鄺美雲 鄺美雲) выиграл мисс Хонконг в 1982 году и впоследствии вошла в китайскую индустрию развлечений в качестве актрисы и успешного музыканта, выпустив много хитов в восьмидесятых. Она также известна своим интересом к традиционной китайской оперу и инструментам.
Кайли Квонг (родилась в 1968 году в Австралии) - известный австралийский телевизионный шеф -повар , автор, телевизионный докладчик и ресторатор .
Чи-кин Квонг , или 鄺志堅, (родился в 1958 году), является членом Законодательного совета Гонконга, представляя негеографический функциональный избирательный округ, и член коллегии адвокатов Англии и Гонконга.
Fong See (鄺泗)-прадедушка по отцовской линии Лизы Сит , американский романист. Китайский предок имеет 鄺 в качестве фамилии, но по какой -то причине указанное имя передается как фамилия для Лизы . Китайский предок мог возникнуть из Тайшана.
Организационная принадлежность
[ редактировать ]See: Soo Yuen Benevolent Association
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