Ситху Паук Хла из Яметина
Ситху Яметина | |
|---|---|
Рин тонкий | |
| Губернатор Яметина | |
| В офисе в Ноябрь 1400 - c. середина 1413 года | |
| Монарх | Минкхаунг я |
| Предшествует | Многие Пяу |
| Преуспевает | Ситху Тихапат |
| Личные данные | |
| Рожденный | Pauk Hla в до 1368 года Вун Зин , Ава Королевство |
| Умер | в 1413 |
| Родители |
|
| Военная служба | |
| Верность | Королевство Ава |
| Филиал/сервис | Королевские вооруженные силы Ава |
| Годы службы | 1400– c. 1413 |
| Rank | General |
| Battles/wars |
|
-сито ( бирманский : Сит Яметина произносится [jəmɛ́ðɪ́ɰ̃ sìðù] ; в До 1368 - c. 1413 ), известный под его именем при рождении Паук Хла ( [paʊʔ l̥a̰] ), был губернатором Яметина с 1400 до c. 1413 . Он был старшим ребенком главного министра Мин Язы , а также служил старшим командиром в Королевских вооруженных силах Ава . Он сражался во всех основных кампаниях сорок лет войны между 1408 и 1412 годами.
Ранний период жизни
[ редактировать ]Вероятно, родился до 1368 года, [ Примечание 1 ] Паук Хла был старшим ребенком Ати [ Примечание 2 ] Обычная семья NGA NYO и ME CHIT от Вуна Зин , сельской деревни в Королевстве Ава . [ 1 ] [ 3 ] У него было по крайней мере два братья и сестры: одна полная младшая сестра увидела, как Маят лежал, и половина младшего брата, увидела Инь; Возможно, у него также был еще один младший брат. [ Примечание 3 ]
Он вырос в королевской столице Авы (Inwa) с 1368 года. Его отец поступил на службу королю Сва , и вся семья переехала в Аву с 1368 года. Его отец стал главным министром суда с титулом Мин Язы. [ 1 ] [ 3 ]
Career
[edit]Pauk Hla's career rose alongside his father's. His career defining appointment came in 1400 when the new king of Ava, Minkhaung I, appointed him governor of Yamethin, a major irrigated district traditionally held by the most senior royals,[note 4] and gave him the command of a 50-strong royal war elephant company.[5][6][11][12] The appointments came alongside Minkhaung's other appointments which included Yaza's son-in-law Thado Theinkhathu being made governor of Badon and Tabayin.[5][6] The appointments were designed to retain Min Yaza's support by the new king, who had come to power only after a contentious succession crisis.[5][6][13] Indeed, the Yamethin governorship previously belonged to Maha Pyauk of Yamethin, who had tried to seize the Ava throne from Minkhaung.[14][15]
Pauk Hla, now known by the title of Sithu, loyally served as governor for the next dozen plus years. As governor of a major fief, Sithu served in the Royal Ava Armed Forces, and fought in various campaigns—from Hanthawaddy in the south (1408–1410),[16] to Arakan in the west (1411–1412)[17] to Hsenwi in the northeast (1412).[18] He led entire armies in the 1408,[19] and 1409–1410 campaigns,[20] and later served as one of the deputy commanders in Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa's armies from 1410 onwards.[21][18]
He is not mentioned in the royal chronicles again after 1412. The Yazawin Thit chronicle cursorily mentions that King Minkhaung appointed Sithu Thihapate governor of Yamethin in late 1413 but does not say what had ever happened to the previous governor.[note 5] While it is not clear if Sithu Pauk Hla had fallen in action or had died by natural causes, he did not lose the governorship because his father had lost power. Min Yaza remained the chief minister of the Ava court until his death in 1421.[3]
Military service
[edit]The following is a list of military campaigns in which Sithu of Yamethin is explicitly mentioned in the royal chronicles as a commander.
| Campaign | Duration | Troops commanded[note 6] | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ava invasion of Hanthawaddy | May 1408 | 1 regiment (1000 troops) | Commanded a regiment in the 20,000+ strong vanguard invasion army[23][24][25] |
| Ava withdrawal from Hanthawaddy | August 1408 | Rearguard Army (8000 troops) | Commanded the rearguard army (8 regiments, 8000 troops, 800 cavalry, 20 elephants)[26][27][19] |
| Ava invasion of Hanthawaddy | 1409–1410 | Vanguard Army (10,000 troops) | Commanded the vanguard army that invaded Hanthawaddy[28][29][20] |
| Ava invasion of Hanthawaddy | late 1410 | Navy (7000 troops) | One of the commanders of the naval invasion force (7000 troops, 7 war ships, 70 war boats, 20 armored war boats, 20 transport boats, 30 supply boats)[30][31][32] |
| Siege of Sandoway | late 1411–March 1412 | 1 regiment | Commanded a regiment in the 8000-strong army led by Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa that invaded Sandoway[33][17][21] |
| Battle of Wetwin | c. April 1412 | 1 regiment | Commanded a regiment in Minye Kyawswa's army from Sandoway that went to meet invading Hsenwi forces at Wetwin.[34][18] |
| Siege of Hsenwi | May–November 1412 | 1 regiment | Part of Minye Kyawswa's army that laid siege to Hsenwi[34][18] |
Notes
[edit]- ^ Per Khin Maung Nyunt, Pauk Hla's father Nga Nyo (b. 1347/48) married Me Chit when Nyo was in his late teens, meaning (c. 1365 or 1366). Nyunt continues that Nyo, Chit and their "household" moved to Ava in 1368, meaning at least the eldest child may have been born by then.[1]
- ^ The athi (အသည်) did not live on royal land and paid substantial taxes but owed no regular military service.[2]
- ^ The main chronicles mention only Saw Myat Lay as Pauk Hla's full sibling;[4][5][6] and Gov. Saw Yin of Badon as his half-sibling.[7] The Mani Yadanabon says Min Yaza had another son, governor of Yenantha without specifying the mother.[8]
- ^ Yamethin was one of the "Five Irrigated Districts" of Ava: (1) Yamethin, (2) Petpaing, (3) Pyakaung, (4) Taung Nyo and (5) Tamyinhsan—all part of the modern Yamethin District.[9] Previous governors of Yamethin include Swa Saw Ke[10] later king of Ava; Thilawa of Yamethin and Maha Pyauk of Yamethin.[11]
- ^ The Yazawin Thit says King Minkhaung appointed Thihapate governor of Yamethin after the rainy season of 775 ME had ended (c. October/November 1413), citing a stone inscription about King Tabinshwehti's genealogy that lists Thihapate as governor of Yamethin.[22]
- ^ Chronicle reported troop levels reduced by an order of magnitude per (Harvey 1925: 333–336)
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b c Khin Maung Nyunt 2016: 8
- ^ Lieberman 2003: 113
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Aung-Thwin 2017: 80
- ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 308
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 212
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 443
- ^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 470
- ^ Mani Yadanabon 2009: 191
- ^ Thein Hlaing 2011: 151
- ^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 403
- ^ Jump up to: a b Wilkie 1934: 28
- ^ Aung-Thwin 2017: 72
- ^ Aung-Thwin 2017: 69, 72
- ^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 439
- ^ Aung-Thwin 2017: 71
- ^ Тол, то Vol. 1 2012: 229, 233, 236–238
- ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный Thit vol. 1 2012: 238
- ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный в дюймовый Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 8
- ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 484
- ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 2
- ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 6–7
- ^ Тол, то Vol. 1 2012: 246–247
- ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 334
- ^ Тол, то Vol. 1 2012: 229
- ^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 476–4
- ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 339
- ^ Тол, то Vol. 1 2012: 233
- ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 26-27
- ^ Тол, то Vol. 1 2012: 236
- ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 28-29
- ^ Тол, то Vol. 1 2012: 237–238
- ^ Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 5–6
- ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 30
- ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 31
Библиография
[ редактировать ]- Aung-Thwin, Michael A. (2017). Мьянма в пятнадцатом веке . Гонолулу: Университет Гавайской прессы. ISBN 978-0-8248-6783-6 .
- Мой Weema SweatDrop (по -бирманцы). Тол. 8 (2 изд.). Янгар ( Сампай Бикман ) 1979. стр. 362-363.
- Правильно, U (2006) [1724]. Махавин (на бирманском). Тол. 1–3 (4 -я печать изд.). Янгон: Ya-публикация.
- Хин Маунг Нйнт (6 июля 2016 г.). «Minkyi Swa увидел Ке, Вунзин Фо Яза и озеро Мейхтила» (PDF) . Глобальный новый свет Мьянмы . Янгон. С. 8–9 . Получено 12 мая 2024 года .
- Либерман, Виктор Б. (2003). Странные параллели: Юго -Восточная Азия в глобальном контексте, c. 800–1830, том 1, интеграция на материке . Издательство Кембриджского университета. ISBN 978-0-521-80496-7 .
- Маха Ситху (2012) [1798] Kyaw Win; Тейн Хлаинг (ред. Yazawinar thit (на бирманском). Тол. 1–3 (2 -е изд.). Янгон: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
- Королевская историческая комиссия Бирмы (2003) [1832] Ханданан Язавин (в Буурмасе). Тол. 1–3 Министерство: Министерство информации, Мьянма.
- Sandalinka, Shin (2009) [1781]. Мани Яданабон (на бирманском) (4 -я печать изд.). Янгон: Seit-Ku Cho Cho.
- [2000] Бирманская бирманская история (3 -е изд. Крест: Хит-Пья Тайк.
- Wilkie, Rs, ed. (1934). Burma Gazetteer: район Яметин . Тол. А. Рангун: суперинтендант, правительственная печать и стационарная, Бирма.