Bona crusade
| The Bona Crusade | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Crusades | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Hafsid Dynasty | Crown of Aragon | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz II | Martin the Humane | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
3,000 cavalry 15,000 infantry |
13 galleys 77 ships 5,000 men | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
The Bona Crusade or the Annaba crusade was a military campaign initiated by the King of Aragon Martin the Humane against the Hafsid sultanate, carried out in the summer of 1399.
Background
[edit]Main articles: Sack of Torreblanca (1397) and Crusade of Tedelis
In 1398, as a result of the Sack of Torreblanca (1397)[1] in which Telmeceni pirates captured the consecrated host[2] and 108 prisoners,[3] King Martin of Aragon after repelling the invasion of Matthew I of Foix ordered a retaliatory attack on Dellys.
The fleet gathered in Ibiza, amassing a total force of 70 ships and 7,500 crusaders. The fleet set sail in August 1398, and successfully reached Tedelis, which was sacked, killing around 1,000 villagers. After attacking the North African Coast, the expedition then headed towards Avignon to try to relive Pope Benedict XIII from a siege led by Geoffrey Boucicaut who was opposed to the Avignon Pope. However, the fleet could not cross the Rhône due to the low water levels and directly grant aid, though they did manage to grant a three-month truce for the besieged. The following year, Martin ordered a repeat of the campaign, this time, directed at Bona.[4]
Crusade
[edit]After gathering a fleet of 6 galleys and 54 ships, and the Valencian, of 7 galleys and 23 ships[5] in Mahón, Martin the Humane set sail on August 21. The war began on September 1, and the next day the disembarkation of most of the military personnel began. The Muslims, warned by Majorcan merchants, had defended the city and gathered a large number of fighters. After taking a small fortress near the city, the attack was abandoned.[6]
After the siege, the Valencian and Majorcan navy separated and ended up returning to the ports of origin without having achieved any victory.[7]
Consequences
[edit]The failure of the campaign forced Martin the Humane to Treaty of Tunis (1403) sign a peace treaty with Abu-Faris Abd-al-Aziz on 15 May 1403, which soon became ineffective.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ La Cultura catalana en projecció de futur : homenatge a Josep Massot i Muntaner. Germà Colón, Tomàs Martínez Romero, Maria Pilar Perea, Lola Badia, Antoni M. Badia i Margarit, Joan Bastardas. [Barcelona]: Institut Ramon Llull. 2004. ISBN 84-8021-500-3. OCLC 803750360.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Insa Montava, Josep (2006). La Costa Daurada arran de mar : de Cunit a Alcanar i Ulldecona, travessa i excursions per fer en BTT, a peu o a cavall (1 ed.). Valls, tarragona: Cossetània Edicions. ISBN 84-9791-173-3. OCLC 74884713.
- ^ Sanchis Pallarés, Antonio (2005). Historia del Grau (1a. ed.). València: Carena. ISBN 84-96419-11-8. OCLC 433220759.
- ^ La Cultura catalana en projecció de futur : homenatge a Josep Massot i Muntaner. Germà Colón, Tomàs Martínez Romero, Maria Pilar Perea, Lola Badia, Antoni M. Badia i Margarit, Joan Bastardas. [Barcelona]: Institut Ramon Llull. 2004. ISBN 84-8021-500-3. OCLC 803750360.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "PAESI EVOLUTI E PAESI ARRETRATI", A che ora si mangia?, Quodlibet, pp. 45–61, doi:10.2307/j.ctt1vxm84x.9, ISBN 978-88-229-0906-0, retrieved 2021-06-19
- ^ "Royal Navy and Army Medical Services". BMJ. 1 (2423): 1398–1399. 1907-06-08. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.2423.1398-b. ISSN 0959-8138. S2CID 220032889.
- ^ "Royal Navy and Army Medical Services". BMJ. 1 (2423): 1398–1399. 1907-06-08. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.2423.1398-b. ISSN 0959-8138. S2CID 220032889.
- ^ Mallol, Maria Teresa Ferrer i; Vives, Josefa Mutgé (2005). La corona catalanoaragonesa i el seu entorn mediterrani a la baixa edat mitjana: actes del seminari celebrat a Barcelona, els dies 27 i 28 de novembre de 2003 (in Catalan). Editorial CSIC - CSIC Press. ISBN 978-84-00-08330-4.