Диссис
| Диссис Временный диапазон:
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|---|---|
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| Череп дискуссии Занабазари | |
Научная классификация 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | †Mesonychia |
| Family: | †Mesonychidae |
| Genus: | †Dissacus Cope, 1881[1] |
| Type species | |
| †Dissacus navajovius | |
| Species | |
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Dissacus -это род вымершего хищного шакала для койоте , размещенных в млекопитающих , в семействе Mesonychidae , ранней группе копытных млекопитающих, которые превратились в охотников и всеядных . Их окаменелости в палеоцене до раннего эоценового выдержанного возраста во Франции , Азии и юго -западе Северной Америки , с 66 до 50,3 млн лет , существовали примерно 15,7 миллиона лет .
Анализ ориентации молярных зубов североамериканского D. praununtius предполагает, что это всеядное, которое ели много мяса, а не эксклюзивный мясо-любитель, как кошка или ласка. Он разделял свою среду с более всеядными млекопитающими сходного размера тела. [ 2 ] Хотя они не являются наследственными для плотоядных животных , у видов дискуссии , возможно, была сходная роль в палеоцен-рано-эоценовой среде, как лисицы и другие мелкие кандеры , которые развивались позже: генерализованные охотники, которые также ели фрукты или другие продукты, и поймали мелких животных, которые жили на земля.
The bear-sized Ankalagon is closely related to Dissacus. Some palaeontologists consider it a sister or daughter genus, while others suggest Ankalagon is just a larger species of Dissacus, and that Dissacus is paraphyletic.[3]
Dissacus species lived across the Northern Hemisphere, a Holarctic distribution. Dissacus europaeus may have evolved in North America migrated to Europe, and first appeared in European strata in the Thanetian (c. 57-58 MYA). A phylogenetic analysis of European mesonychids suggests that Dissacus was part of an early diversification of species in the Paleocene, and other genera diversified in a later episode in the early Eocene. D. europaeus survived the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, a period of severe global warming, which suggests it had flexible habits. Its distribution in Europe over time suggests it may have been unable to expand into areas occupied by Pachyaena, which may mean it filled a similar ecological role. However, fossil records are still too incomplete to reach any conclusion.[4] The fossil record of D. europaeus is fragmentary; remains in Cernay, France, include a mandible, a complete radius, and fragments of a humerus. A morphological study of these bones suggests this animal was digitigrade and more cursorial than is usually assumed for the genus. [5] Analysis of the elbow joint shows it was specialized for extra flexion and extension, an adaptation usually found in running species; the amount of specialization is unusual for a Paleocene mammal. This does not mean Dissacus species were swift runners by modern standards, but that D. europaeus was more adapted for running than other mammals of its time. It may be part of a trend among early Cenozoic mammals toward developing more specialized bodies to fill different ecological niches.[6]
Species
[edit]- Dissacus argenteus
- Dissacus europaeus
- Dissacus indigenus
- Dissacus magushanensis
- Dissacus navajovius
- Dissacus praenuntius
- Dissacus rotundus
- Dissacus serior
- Dissacus serratus
- Dissacus zanabazari
- Dissacus zengi
References
[edit]- ^ PaleoBiology Database: Dissacus, basic info
- ^ Stephen G. B. Chester; Jonathan I. Bloch; Ross Secord & Doug M. Boyer (2010). "A New Small-Bodied Species of Palaeonictis (Creodonta, Oxyaenidae) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 17 (4): 227–243. doi:10.1007/s10914-010-9141-y. S2CID 15058311 – via U. of Nebraska digital commons.
- ^ "Mesonyx and the other mesonychid mesonychians (mesonychians part IV) | ScienceBlogs". scienceblogs.com. Retrieved 2019-06-20.
- ^ Solé, Floréal; Godinot, Marc; Laurent, Yves; Galoyer, Alain; Smith, Thierry (2018-09-01). "The European Mesonychid Mammals: Phylogeny, Ecology, Biogeography, and Biochronology". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 25 (3): 339–379. doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9371-8. ISSN 1573-7055. S2CID 254701971.
- ^ Agusti, Jordi; Anton, Mauricio (2002). Mammoths, Sabertooths, and Hominids: 65 Million Years of Mammalian Evolution in Europe. Columbia University Press. pp. 13, 14. ISBN 0-231-11640-3.
- ^ Thewissen, J.G.M. (1991). "Limb Osteology and function of the primitive Paleocene ungulate Pleuraspidotherium with notes on Tricuspiodon and Dissacus (Mammalia)". Geobios. 24 (4): 483–495. Bibcode:1991Geobi..24..483T. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(06)80249-4.
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