Cyperus
| Cyperus Временный диапазон:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Карликовая зонтика, Cyperus albostriatus | |
Научная классификация 
| |
| Королевство: | Plantae |
| Клада : | Трахеофиты |
| Клада : | Покрытосеменные |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Cyperaceae |
| Genus: | Cyperus L. |
| Species | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
List | |
Cyperus является большим родом около 700 видов сэдров из , распределенных на всех континентах как в тропических, так и в умеренных областях. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Описание
[ редактировать ]Это годовые или многолетние растения , в основном водные и растущие в неподвижной или медленной воде до 0,5 метра (20 дюймов) глубиной. Виды сильно различаются по размеру, с небольшими видами всего 5 сантиметров (2 дюйма), в то время как другие могут достигать 5 метров (16 футов) в высоту. Общие названия включают в себя папирусные укрепления , плоски , орехи , зонтичные пленки и Галингинги . Стебли имеют круговые по поперечному сечению в некоторых, треугольные у других, обычно безлистные для большей части их длины, с тонкими травяными листьями у основания растения и в обороте на вершине цветущих стеблей. Цветы ; зеленоватые и ветром насыщенные Они производятся в кластерах среди апикальных листьев. Семя - маленький орех . [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ]
Экология
[ редактировать ]Cyperus species are eaten by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including Chedra microstigma. They also provide an alternative food source for Bicyclus anynana larvae.[7] The seeds and tubers are an important food for many small birds and mammals.
Cyperus microcristatus (from Cameroon) and C. multifolius (native to Panama and Ecuador) are possibly extinct; the former was only found once, in 1995, and the latter has not been seen in the last 200 years. The "true" papyrus sedge of Ancient Egypt, C. papyrus subsp. hadidii, is also very rare today due to draining of its wetland habitat; feared extinct in the mid-20th century, it is still found at a few sites in the Wadi El Natrun region and northern Sudan.
Some tuber-bearing species on the other hand, most significantly the purple nutsedge, C. rotundus, are considered invasive weeds in much of the world.
Diversity
[edit]Around 700 species are currently recognised in the genus Cyperus.[8]
Fossil record
[edit]Many fossil fruits of a Cyperus species have been described from middle Miocene strata of the Fasterholt area near Silkeborg in Central Jutland, Denmark.[9] Several fossil fruits of †Cyperus distachyoformis have been extracted from borehole samples of the Middle Miocene fresh water deposits in Nowy Sacz Basin, West Carpathians, Poland.[10]
Use by humans
[edit]Papyrus sedge (C. papyrus) of Africa was of major historical importance in providing papyrus. C. giganteus, locally known as cañita, is used by the Yokot'an Maya of Tabasco, Mexico, for weaving petates (sleeping mats) and sombreros. C. textilis and C. pangorei are traditionally used to produce the typical mats of Palakkad in India, and the makaloa mats of Niihau were made from C. laevigatus.
The chufa flatsedge (C. esculentus) has edible tubers and is grown commercially for these; they are eaten as vegetables, made into sweets, or used to produce the horchata in the Valencia region. Several other species – e.g. Australian bush onion (C. bulbosus) – are eaten to a smaller extent. For some Northern Paiutes, Cyperus tubers were a mainstay food, to the extent that they were known as tövusi-dökadö ("nutsedge tuber eaters")[11]
Priprioca (C. articulatus) is one of the traditional spices of the Amazon region and its reddish essential oil is used commercially both by the cosmetic industry, and increasingly as a flavoring for food.[12][13] Interest is increasing in the larger, fast-growing species as crops for paper and biofuel production.
Some species are grown as ornamental or pot plants, notably:
- Cyperus alternifolius syn. C. involucratus (umbrella papyrus)[14]
- Cyperus albostriatus (dwarf umbrella sedge), formerly called C. diffusus)[14]
- Cyperus haspan[15]
- Cyperus longus[14][16]
- Cyperus papyrus (papyrus)[14]
Some Cyperus species are used in folk medicine. Roots of Near East species were a component of kyphi, a medical incense of Ancient Egypt. Tubers of C. rotundus (purple nut-sedge) tubers are used in kampō.
An unspecified Cyperus is mentioned as an abortifacient in the 11th-century poem De viribus herbarum.[17]
See also
[edit]- Amphoe Nong Prue, a district in Thailand. The name of its capital Nong Prue (หนองปรือ) literally means "Cyperus swamp".
- The sedge Carex pseudocyperus is a related plant convergent in appearance to Cyperus.
References
[edit]- ^ "Cyperus L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- ^ "Cyperus L., Sp. Pl.: 44 (1753)". Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 22 March 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Win Huygh; Isabel Larridon; Marc Reynders; A. Muthama Muasya; Rafaël H. A. Govaerts; David A. Simpson; Paul Goetghebeur (2010). "Nomenclature and typification of names of genera and subdivisions of genera in Cypereae (Cyperaceae): 1. Names of genera in the Cyperus clade". Taxon. 59 (6): 1883–1890. doi:10.1002/tax.596021.
- ^ Gordon C. Tucker; Brian G. Marcks; J. Richard Carter (2003). "Cyperus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 44. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 26. 1754". In Flora of North Americaial Committee (ed.). Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae. Flora of North America. Vol. 23. Oxford University Press. pp. 141–191.
- ^ C. D. Adams (1994). "5. Cyperus L.". In G. Davidse; M. Sousa Sánchez; A. O. Chater (eds.). Flora Mesoamericana. Vol. 6. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. pp. 423–440.
- ^ G. E. Schatz, S. Andriambololonera, Andrianarivelo, M. W. Callmander, Faranirina, P. P. Lowry, P. B. Phillipson, Rabarimanarivo, J. I. Raharilala, Rajaonary, Rakotonirina, R. H. Ramananjanahary, B. Ramandimbisoa, A. Randrianasolo, N. Ravololomanana, Z. S. Rogers, C. M. Taylor & G. A. Wahlert (2011). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar. Monographs in Systematic Botany. Missouri Botanical Garden.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Rinny E. Kooi; Paul M. Brakefield; William E. M.-T. Rossie (1996). "Effects of food plant on phenotypic plasticity in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 80 (1): 149–151. Bibcode:1996EEApp..80..149K. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1996.tb00906.x. S2CID 221678693.
- ^ "Cyperus". The Plant List. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
- ^ Angiosperm Fruits and Seeds from the Middle Miocene of Jutland (Denmark) by Else Marie Friis, The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters 24:3, 1985
- ^ Łańcucka-Środoniowa M.: Macroscopic plant remains from the freshwater Miocene of the Nowy Sącz Basin (West Carpathians, Poland) [Szczątki makroskopowe roślin z miocenu słodkowodnego Kotliny Sądeckiej (Karpaty Zachodnie, Polska)]. Acta Palaeobotanica 1979 20 (1): 3–117.
- ^ Hittman, Michael (1996). Corbett Mack: The Life of a Northern Paiute. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 274–275. ISBN 9780803223769.
- ^ Atala, A. (2012). "A new ingredient: The introduction of priprioca in gastronomy". International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science. 1: 61–81. doi:10.1016/j.ijgfs.2011.11.001.
- ^ Natura. "Perfumes baseados em Priprioca". Archived from the original on 3 April 2009.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Brickell, Christopher, ed. (2008). The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 302. ISBN 9781405332965.
- ^ «Как посадить и выращивать карликовую папирус ( Cyperus Haspan )» . Пруд информатор . 29 января 2021 года . Получено 4 января 2022 года .
- ^ Тридстра, км (2022). «Красная циперграсс - легкие Cyperus » . Ветры в Нидерландах и Бельгии (голландцы). КМ Тистра . Посмотрел 2 января 2022 года .
- ^ Джон М. Риддл (1994). Контрацепция и аборт от древнего мира до эпохи Возрождения . Кембридж, Массачусетс : издательство Гарвардского университета . ISBN 978-0674168763 .
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]
СМИ, связанные с Cyperus в Wikimedia Commons 
Данные, связанные с Cyperus в Wikispecies - Cyperus Interactive Identification Key от DM Ferguson @ LSU Гербарий Архивировал 29 августа 2015 года на машине Wayback
- Cyperaceae интерактивные идентификационные клавиши @ LSU Гербарий архив 9 июля 2010 года на машине Wayback
- of China Vol Flora .
- Флора Пакистана, V. 206 Page 89, Cyperus Linnaeus, sp. Пл. 1: 44. 1753; Генерал Pl., Ed. 5: 26. 1754; Boiss., FL. Или. 5: 363. 1882; Cbclarke in hook.f., fl. Брит Ind. 6: 597. 1893; RR Стюарт, LC 86. 1972; Kukkonen в Rech.f., fl. Ираника 173: 85. 1998.
- Шнуры и сетка с рыбкой от Cyperus & Scirpus
| Базы данных управления авторитетом : национальный |
|---|
