Индийский шакал
| Индийский шакал | |
|---|---|
| |
Научная классификация 
| |
| Домен: | Эукариота |
| Королевство: | Животное |
| Филум: | Chordata |
| Сорт: | Млекопитающая |
| Заказ: | Хищник |
| Семья: | Canidae |
| Genus: | Canis |
| Species: | |
| Subspecies: | C. a. indicus
|
| Trinomial name | |
| Canis aureus indicus | |
| |
| Canis aureus indicus range (blue) | |
Индийский шакал ( Canis aureus indicus ), также известный как гималайский шакал , является подвидом , золотого шакала уроженца Пакистана , Индии , Бутана , Бирмы и Непала . Его кариотип весьма отличается (2n = 78; nf = 84) от таковых его евразийских и африканских аналогов (2n = 80). [ 2 ]
Описание
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Его мех представляет собой смесь черного и белого, с бафф на плечах, ушах и ногах. Цвет баффа более выражен в образцах с больших высот. Черные волосы преобладают в середине спины и хвоста. Живот, грудь и стороны ног являются сливочным белым, в то время как лицо и нижние фланги сжимаются серым мехом. [ 3 ] Как правило, это более богатый цвет, чем общий шакал , бледные участки спины имеют бледного баффа, а не беловатого или серебра. [4] Black specimens have been reported in Bengal.[5] Adults are slightly larger than common jackals,[4] and grow to a length of 100 cm (39 in), 35–45 cm (14–18 in) in height and 8–11 kg (18–24 lb) in weight.[3]
It typically inhabits lowlands on the outskirts of towns, villages and farms, where they shelter in holes among ruins or dense brush. Except during hot periods, the Indian jackal usually only leaves its den at dusk and retires at dawn. Though primarily a scavenger which subsists on garbage and offal, it will supplement its diet with rodents, reptiles, fruit and insects. It will form small packs when hunting small deer and antelopes.[3] Although it will occasionally kill poultry and young kids and lambs, it is largely harmless. When wild prey is scarce, it will usually take to eating vegetable matter, including maize and Jujube fruit.[6][7] It is extremely harmful to the vineyards of western India, and eats large quantities of coffee beans in the Wayanad district.[5]
Lone jackals expelled from their pack have been known to form commensal relationships with tigers. These solitary jackals are known as kol-bahl,[8] bhálú in southern India, phéall, phao, pheeow or phnew in Bengal and ghog in other regions.[5] They will attach themselves to a particular tiger, trailing it at a safe distance in order to feed on the big cat's kills. A kol-bahl will even alert a tiger to a kill with a loud pheal. Tigers have been known to tolerate these jackals: one report describes how a jackal confidently walked in and out between three tigers walking together a few feet away from each other.[8]
Presence in folklore and literature
[edit]Golden jackals appear prominently in Indian and Nepali folklore, where they often take over the role of the trickster taken by the red fox in Europe and North America. The story of The Blue Jackal for example has the jackal disguising itself with blue paint as Neelaakanth, the guardian of all animals, and tricking the other animals into providing food for him, so that he may continue protecting them. He is driven away once the monsoon washes the paint from him.[9][10][11] In some tales, jackals are portrayed as malevolant and treacherous. The Mahabharata describes the story of a jackal who sets his friends, the tiger, wolf, mongoose and mouse against each other, just so he can eat a gazelle without sharing it.[12] In Hinduism, the name of Shiva itself means jackal, and a jackal was often illustrated as the consort of Kali. Jackals are the vahanas of various Hindu and Buddhist deities, particularly in Tibet. Durga was often linked to the jackal.[13]
In Rudyard Kipling's Mowgli stories collected in The Jungle Book, the character Tabaqui is a jackal despised by the Sioni wolf pack, due to his mock cordiality, scavenging habits and his subservience to Shere Khan. He appears in the beginning of the book, visiting Mowgli's adoptive parents, Mother and Father Wolf, and they are clearly annoyed by his presence, since he announces that Shere Khan the tiger is hunting in their territory. Tabaqui is later killed by one of Mowgli's 'siblings', Grey Brother, who crushes his back.
References
[edit]- ^ Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ (in Italian) Lapini, L. (2003). "Canis aureus (Linnaeus, 1758)". In: Boitani L., Lovari S. and Vigna Taglianti A. (eds.) Fauna d’Italia. Mammalia III. Carnivora-Artiodactyla, Calderini publ., Bologna, pp. 47–58
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Mammals of Nepal: (with reference to those of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Pakistan) by Tej Kumar Shrestha, published by Steven Simpson Books, 1997, ISBN 0-9524390-6-9
- ^ Jump up to: a b Pocock, R. I. (1941). Fauna of British India: Mammals Volume 2. Taylor and Francis
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Jerdon, Thomas Claverhill (1867). The mammals of India: a natural history of all the animals known to inhabit continental India, Thomason college press
- ^ Robert Armitage Sterndale (1884). Natural history of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink – via Project Gutenberg.
- ^ Robert Armitage Sterndale (1884). Natural history of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink – via Google Books.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Perry, Richard (1965). The World of the Tiger. p. 260. ASIN: B0007DU2IU.
- ^ Panchatantra The Story of The Blue Jackal. Panchatantra.org. Retrieved on 2012-12-30.
- ^ The Blue Jackal : A Panchtantra Story by Swapna Dutta. Bolokids.com. Retrieved on 2012-12-30.
- ^ История синего шакала . Indiaoz.com.au
- ^ Зоологическая мифология или легенды о животных 1872 г., часть 2 Анджело де Губернатис, опубликованная Kessinger Publishing, 2003, ISBN 0-7661-4895-5
- ^ Werness, Hope B (2004). Континуум энциклопедия символики животных в искусстве , Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 0-8264-1525-3
Внешние ссылки
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СМИ, связанные с Canis aureus indicus в Wikimedia Commons
