PNS Saad

История
Пакистан
Имя	PNS Saad
Тезка	Sa'd
Заказано	21 сентября 1994 года
Строитель	Ksew Ltd в Пакистане
Заложено	6 июня 1998 года
Запущен	24 августа 2002 г.
Приобретенный	20 января 2003 г.
Введено в эксплуатацию	12 декабря 2003 г.
В эксплуатации	2003 - Present
Homeport	Джинна военно -морская база
Идентификация	S138
Статус	В активном обслуживании
Общие характеристики
Класс и тип	агоста 90bravo / khalid -класс Подводная лодка
Displacement	1,570 long tons (1,595 t); (Surface); 2,050 long tons (2,083 t); (Submerged);
Length	249.4 ft (76.0 m)
Beam	22.3 ft (6.8 m)
Draught	27.0 ft (8.2 m); 26.7 ft (8.1 m);
Installed power	2 × Jeumont-Schneider alternators producing: 4,600 hp (3,400 kW).
Propulsion	2 × SEMT Pielstick 16 PA4 V 185 VG AIP MESMA: 3,600 hp (2,700 kW), 1 × shaft.
Speed	12.0 knots (22.2 km/h; 13.8 mph); (surface); 20.5 knots (38.0 km/h; 23.6 mph); (submerged);
Range	8,500 miles (13,700 km) at 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph)
Endurance	90 Days
Test depth	1,312 ft (400 m); (Submerged)
Complement	41 (7 officers, 35 enlisted)
Sensors and ; processing systems	Towed array sonar
Electronic warfare ; & decoys	ESM: Thomson-CSF DR-3000U; intercept.; Low-probability-of-intercept;
Armament	DM2A4 SeaHake mod 4; Stonefish naval mines; 4 × 533 mm (21 in) bow torpedo tubes Up to 16 F17P Mod 2 torpedoes.; SSM: Exocet SM 39; SLCM: Babur–III;

PNS / M SAAD (S-138) представляет собой дизель-электрическую подводную лодку с быстрым атакой , оснащенную воздушной двигательной системой и второй из Agosta-90B / Khalid, подводных лодок совместно спроектированных и построенных Францией и Пакистаном . ^{[ 4 ]}

PNS Saad считается первой домашней подводной лодкой Пакистана на больших расстояниях и одной из сложных проектов подводной строительства с использованием стали военного уровня, которая будет построена в Пакистане. ^{[ 5 ]}^{[ 6 ]}

Обзор

После серии сложных и продолжительных переговоров между правительствами Пакистана и Франции она была поставлена по приказу Пакистанским флотом 21 сентября 1994 года. ^{[ 7 ]}

В июне 1998 года она была заложена французским подрядчиком DCNS , в Шербурге во Франции . ^: 530^{[ 8 ]} Saad is unique among her class because she was partially built in Cherbourg and was shipped to Naval Base Karachi to be completed by the KSEW Ltd. in Karachi.^: 308^[9] Meanwhile, Khalid, the lead ship, was built entirely in France, while Hamza, the third submarine of the class, was built entirely in Pakistan.^[10] In 2009, there were several proposals that called for a further three submarines of the class to all be built entirely in Pakistan.^[10]

Prior to her launch, the 11 of the 80 French naval personnel in Pakistan to supervise the completion of Saad were killed when their transit bus was struck by a car filled with explosives.^[10] Contemporary news accounts reported that the French Chief of the Defence Staff, General Jean-Pierre Kelche, blamed the al-Qaeda for the attack took place on 8 May 2002.^[11]

On 24 August 2002, Saad was launched in Karachi's coast before being set for further trials in deep sea.^: 143^[12]

On 20 January 2003, Saad was tested for its propulsion system, chain steering system, fuel system, speed monitoring system, communication system and submarines habitability and atmospheric control system, according to the Pakistani military's ISPR.^[13] She was reportedly tested for her depth ratings, reaching at 400m under the sea.^[14] Her successful depth ratings were reported by the French Navy who later marked Pakistan's entry into the small club of countries to be able to build the modernized diesel-electric submarines.^[14]

On 12 December 2003, she was commissioned into the Pakistan Navy as PNS Saad, a namesake after Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas– the companion of Muhammad.^[5] At the time her launching, India reportedly bought the aircraft carrier from Russia to counter the submarine's threat in the Indian Ocean but did not enter in the service of the Indian Navy until 2013.^[5] Her complement crew varies but is reported at 41 personnel (7 officers, 35 enlisted).^[2]

Upgradations

In 2011, she underwent with overhauling, and retrofitted her propulsion system with the air-independent propulsion (AIP) systems by the technicians at the KSEW Ltd.^[15]

On 6 March 2018, the DCNS, its original builder, lost the bidding competition with the Turkish firm, STM, for its refitting and upgradation of her weapon system, combat control system, missile rooms, and periscope upgrades, and will receive her upgrades by the Turkish technical firms at the KSEW Ltd. in 2021 following the delivery of the PNS Khalid that is slated to be return to her military service in 2020.^[4]

References

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Editorial, Naval Tech. "SSK Agosta 90B Class Submarine". www.naval-technology.com. New York, USA: Naval Technology. Archived from the original on 1 September 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018. (The Agosta 90B's performance remains the same in all other respects, except that the length increases from 67m to 76m and submerged displacement from 1,760t to 2,050t.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Agosta 90B". www.deagel.com. Archived from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
^ Jane, Frederick Thomas (1999). Jane's Fighting Ships. S. Low, Marston & Company. ISBN 9780710619051.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Gady, Franz-Stefan (6 March 2018). "Turkey to Upgrade Pakistan Navy Attack Sub". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Habib, Younis (20 January 2003). "Pakistan submarine ready for trials". BBC Pakistan Burea. BBC. BBC. Archived from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
^ "Pakistan Navy commissions indigenously built Agosta 90B". Kuwait News Agency. Kuwait News Agency. 12 December 2003. Archived from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
^ Waters, Conrad (2011). "§(Pakistan Navy)" (google books). Seaforth World Naval Review 2012. Barnsley, Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth Publishing. p. 191. ISBN 9781783466320. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
^ Wertheim, Eric (2005). The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 9781591149347. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
^ Selections from Regional Press. Institute of Regional Studies. 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Khalid Class (Fr Agosta 90B)". GlobalSecurity.org. 20 February 2009. Archived from the original on 24 July 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
^ "Al-Qa'eda 'behind' Karachi car bomb". The Daily Telegraph. 8 May 2002. Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2009.
^ Sea Breezes: The Ship Lovers' Digest. C. Birchell. 2003. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
^ "Sea trial of Agosta sub begins". DAWN.COM. Dawn newspapers. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Jane's International Defense Review: IDR. Jane's Information Group. 2003. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
^ Syed, Baqir Sajjad (7 October 2015). "China to build four submarines in Karachi". Dawn Newspaper. Dawn Newspaper. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.

[Naval_Technology-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b Editorial, Naval Tech. "SSK Agosta 90B Class Submarine". www.naval-technology.com. New York, USA: Naval Technology. Archived from the original on 1 September 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018. (The Agosta 90B's performance remains the same in all other respects, except that the length increases from 67m to 76m and submerged displacement from 1,760t to 2,050t.

[www.deagel.com-2] Jump up to: ^a ^b "Agosta 90B". www.deagel.com. Archived from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.

[3] Jane, Frederick Thomas (1999). Jane's Fighting Ships. S. Low, Marston & Company. ISBN 9780710619051.

[The_Diplomat,_Gady,_2018-4] Jump up to: ^a ^b Gady, Franz-Stefan (6 March 2018). "Turkey to Upgrade Pakistan Navy Attack Sub". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.

[BBC,_Habib,_2003-5] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Habib, Younis (20 January 2003). "Pakistan submarine ready for trials". BBC Pakistan Burea. BBC. BBC. Archived from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.

[KUNA,_2003-6] "Pakistan Navy commissions indigenously built Agosta 90B". Kuwait News Agency. Kuwait News Agency. 12 December 2003. Archived from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.

[Seaforth_Publishing,_Waters,_2011-7] Waters, Conrad (2011). "§(Pakistan Navy)" (google books). Seaforth World Naval Review 2012. Barnsley, Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth Publishing. p. 191. ISBN 9781783466320. Retrieved 19 December 2018.

[Naval_Institute_Press,_Wertheim-8] Wertheim, Eric (2005). The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 9781591149347. Retrieved 19 December 2018.

[9] Selections from Regional Press. Institute of Regional Studies. 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2018.

[GS.org-10] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Khalid Class (Fr Agosta 90B)". GlobalSecurity.org. 20 February 2009. Archived from the original on 24 July 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2009.

[11] "Al-Qa'eda 'behind' Karachi car bomb". The Daily Telegraph. 8 May 2002. Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2009.

[12] Sea Breezes: The Ship Lovers' Digest. C. Birchell. 2003. Retrieved 29 December 2018.

[Dawn_newspapers,_2003-13] "Sea trial of Agosta sub begins". DAWN.COM. Dawn newspapers. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.

[Jane's_Information_Group-14] Jump up to: ^a ^b Jane's International Defense Review: IDR. Jane's Information Group. 2003. Retrieved 29 December 2018.

[Dawn_Newspaper,_BS_Syed,_2015-15] Syed, Baqir Sajjad (7 October 2015). "China to build four submarines in Karachi". Dawn Newspaper. Dawn Newspaper. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.

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Обзор

Upgradations

See also

References