Помарин Джегер
| Помарин Джегер | |
|---|---|
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Научная классификация 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Charadriiformes |
| Family: | Stercorariidae |
| Genus: | Stercorarius |
| Species: | S. pomarinus
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| Binomial name | |
| Stercorarius pomarinus (Temminck, 1815)
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| Range of S. pomarinus Breeding Non-breeding Passage Vagrant (seasonality uncertain)
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| Synonyms | |
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Помарин Jaeger ( Stercorarins Pomarinus ), Помарин Скуа или Поматорахан Скуа , [ 2 ] это морская птица в семействе Skua Stercoraridae. Это мигрант , зима и море в тропических океанах.
Таксономия
[ редактировать ]Его отношения не полностью разрешены; Его митохондриальная ДНК наиболее похожа на Великую Скуа , [ 3 ] Но от морфологии и поведения это ближе к меньшим скисам (например, паразитическим Jaeger ). Наиболее вероятным объяснением является обширная гибридизация между великим и одним видом меньших ски, что привело к гибридной популяции, которая в конечном итоге превратилась в отдельный вид, Pomarine Jaeger; Или альтернативно между помарином и видом южного полушария Skua, причем великий Skua является гибридным потомством, возможно, появляется еще в 15 -м веке. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Судя по характеристикам скелета и поведения , первое представляется более вероятным, поскольку Pomarine Jaeger разделяет несколько сходств с Skuas "Catharacta", в то время как великий Skua не сильно отличается от своих родственников южного полушария.
The mtDNA difference between the pomarine jaeger and the great skua is one of the smallest between any two vertebrate species yet analyzed, being less than the variation found between different individuals of widespread species. The apparent capability for hybridization has led to the abolition of the separate genus Catharacta for the Southern Hemisphere and great skuas.
Etymology
[edit]The word "jaeger" is derived from the German word Jäger, meaning "hunter".[5][6] The genus name Stercorarius is Latin and means "of dung"; the food disgorged by other birds when pursued by skuas was once thought to be excrement. The specific Pomatorhinus is from Ancient Greek poma, pomatos, "lid" and rhis, rhinos, "nostrils".[7] This refers to the cere, which the pomarine jaeger shares with the other skuas. Although it is sometimes erroneously referred to as the Pomeranian skua, the name of this species is unrelated to the Baltic Sea region of Pomerania.[2]
Description
[edit]
This species ranges from 46 to 67 cm (18 to 26 in) in length, 110 to 138 cm (43 to 54 in) in wingspan and 540–920 g (1.19–2.03 lb) in weight.[8][9][10] The upper limit of the length includes the elongated tail streamer of breeding adults, which is about 10 cm (3.9 in) in length. Identification of this jaeger is complicated by its similarities to parasitic jaeger and the existence of three morphs. Pomarine jaegers are larger than common gulls. They are much bulkier, broader-winged and less falcon-like than the parasitic jaeger, but show the same wide range of plumage variation. The flight is more measured than that of the smaller species. It has many harsh chattering calls and others which sounds like which-yew.
Light-morph adult pomarine jaegers have a brown back, mainly white underparts and dark primary wing feathers with a white "flash". The head and neck are yellowish-white with a black cap. Dark morph adults are dark brown, and intermediate morph birds are dark with somewhat paler underparts, head and neck. All morphs have the white wing flash, which appears as a diagnostic double flash on the underwing. In breeding adults of all morphs, the two central tail feathers are much longer than the others, spoon-shaped, and twisted from the horizontal. Juveniles are even more problematic to identify, and are difficult to separate from parasitic jaegers at a distance on plumage alone.
Behaviour
[edit]Breeding
[edit]
This species breeds in the far north of Eurasia and North America. It nests on Arctic tundra and islands, laying 2–3 olive-brown eggs in grass lined depressions. Like other skuas, it will fly at the head of a human or other intruder approaching its nest. Although it cannot inflict serious damage, the experience is frightening and painful.
Feeding
[edit]This bird feeds on fish, carrion, scraps, smaller birds up to the size of common gull and rodents, especially lemmings. It robs gulls, terns and even gannets of their catches. Like most other skua species, it continues this piratical behaviour throughout the year, showing great agility as it harasses its victims. Only the Great Black Backed Gull, White-Tailed Eagle and Golden Eagle are known to take adult, healthy pomarine jaeger.
References
[edit]- ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Stercorarius pomarinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22694240A132534251. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22694240A132534251.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Cocker, Mark; Mabey, Richard (2005). Birds Britannica. Random House. p. 228. ISBN 0701169079. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Blechschmidt, Karin; Peter, Hans-Ulrich; de Korte, Jacobus; Wink, Michael; Seibold, Ingred; Helbig, Andreas (1993). "Untersuchungen zur molecularen Systematik der Raubmöwen (Stercorariidae)" [Investigations on the Molecular Systematics of Skuas (Stercorariidae)] (PDF). Zoologisches Jahrbuch für Systematik (in German). 120: 379–387. Cited in DeBenedictis, Paul A. (1997). "Skuas". Birding. XXIX (1): 66–69.
- ^ Furness, Robert W.; Hamer, Keith (2003). "Skuas and Jaegers". In Perrins, Christopher (ed.). Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds. Firefly Books. pp. 270–273. ISBN 1-55297-777-3.
- ^ "Jaeger". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ "Skua". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 314, 365. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ "Pomarine jaeger (Stercorarius pomarinus)". arkive.org. 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-10-21. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ^ "Pomarine Jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus". enature.com. 2011. Archived from the original on 2006-06-15.
- ^ Dunning, John B. Jr., ed. (1992). CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-4258-5.
External links
[edit]
- Pomarine skua species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds
- BirdLife species factsheet for Stercorarius pomarinus
- "Stercorarius pomarinus". Avibase.
- "Pomarine jaeger media". Internet Bird Collection.
- Pomarine jaeger photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
- Interactive range map of Stercorarius pomarinus at IUCN Red List maps
- Audio recordings of Pomarine skua on Xeno-canto.
- Stercorarius pomarinus in Field Guide: Birds of the World on Flickr
