Bewick и Beanley Moors
| Сайт специального научного интереса | |
 Лесной корпус на Beanley Moor | |
  Location within Northumberland | |
| Location | Northumberland |
|---|---|
| Grid reference | NU102225 |
| Coordinates | 55°29′54″N 1°51′13″W / 55.498205°N 1.853601°W |
| Interest | Biological |
| Area | 3,434.95 hectares (8,500 acres) |
| Notification | 2010 |
| Location map | DEFRA MAGIC map |
| Natural England website | |
Bewick и Beanley Moors -это название, которое дано месту особого научного интереса (SSSI) в Северном Нортумберленде , на северо-востоке Англии . Маурс утверждается, что природная Англия имеет национальное значение для степени, качества и разнообразия типов нагорья, включая пустоши , фен , мокрые пастбища, приливы, микросхемы и одеяло , вместе создавая обширную мозаичную среду обитания, поддерживающую исключительное сообщество амфибий. Мавры тоже важны для их реликтных лесных массивов и кустарника. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Обозначенные в 2010 году, Bewick и Beanley Moors включают в свои границы два в настоящее время обозначенные SSSIS, Ханна Хилл, Харехоп (впервые уведомлены в 1968 году) и карьера -бортовые пруды (впервые уведомлены в 1986 году). [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
Расположение и природные функции
[ редактировать ]Bewick and Beanley Moors, as defined for the purposes of the SSSI, are three distinct and non-contiguous moorland areas in north Northumberland, located to the north and north-west of Alnwick, and to the south-east of Wooler, extending to about 8.6 miles (13.8 km) north to south, and up to 3.8 miles (6.1 km) east to west. The moors are to the west of the A1, east of the A697 and south of the B6348 roads.[1]
- The southernmost section, south-east of Beanley, south of Eglingham and the B6346 road, and north of Bolton and Titlington, is an irregularly shaped area of moorland, some 2.3 miles (3.7 km) north to south, and 3.0 miles (4.8 km) east to west. It is composed of, from the west,
- Titlington Pike, a round hill rising from circa 170 metres (560 ft) to 288 metres (945 ft) above sea level;
- Titlington and Beanley Plantations and Beanley Moss, wetlands falling gently to the east from about 200 metres (660 ft) to 175 metres (574 ft);
- Beanley Moor, making up the majority of the area, wetlands falling very slowly from 175 metres (574 ft) to 125 metres (410 ft) before descending to about 90 metres (300 ft) at Kimmer and Hunterheugh Crags, a semicircle escarpment of steeply descending land with rock outcrops; and
- Kimmer Lough, a 3.2 hectares (7.9 acres) ovaloid kettle hole (a deep pond formed in the void remaining after a submerged glacial calf block melted) at circa 75 metres (246 ft) above sea level. Kimmer Crags, at the centre of the area, is 5.2 miles (8.4 km) north-east of Alnwick and 1.25 miles (2.01 km) south of Eglingham.[1][2]
- The middle and largest section, north of Eglingham and south-east of Chillingham and Hepburn, extends to some 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north to south, and 3.8 miles (6.1 km) east to west, and is composed of
- in the south, Bewick Moor;
- in the north west, Hepburn Moor; and
- in the north east, Quarryhouse Moor,
- which rise from about 100 metres (330 ft) in the south-east at Harehope in a series of escarpments to a wetland plateau area starting at about 210 metres (690 ft) with Cateran Hill, a 267 metres (876 ft) local peak, at the centre. At the far north west, the site includes Ross Castle, a 315 metres (1,033 ft) hill just east of Chillingham Castle. Cateran Hill (notable locally for the Cateran Hole) is about 2.3 miles (3.7 km) north of Eglingham.[1]
- The northernmost section, situated on the east-falling slopes of moors from 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Chillingham and south of the B6348 road, is again irregularly shaped, extending some 3.2 miles (5.1 km) north to south, and 2.8 miles (4.5 km) east to west. It is composed of parts of Chatton Moor in the north, Sandyford Moor in the centre and to the south-east, Rossbrough Moor and Wandylaw Bog; the site incorporates part of Wandylaw Wind Farm, and the Chatton transmitting station.
The moors rise very slowly from about 150 metres (490 ft) and 180 metres (590 ft) at the eastern boundary, to a number of local maxima ranging from 189 metres (620 ft) to 215 metres (705 ft).[1]
Bewick Moor is drained by Harehope Burn. The river at Bewick Moor is marked by a sandstone river ghyll or gorge known as Harehope Canyon.[5] The canyon is marked at its northernmost end by Dove Crags. The river drains, via the Eglingham Burn, into the River Aln.[6]
Vegetation
[edit]Bewick and Beanley Moors sit on Fell Sandstone of the Border Group, falling from 315 metres (1,033 ft) in the west to 70 metres (230 ft) in the east, and are a nationally important example of a mosaic of habitats supporting a wide range of vegetation types associated with the transition from lowand to upland moors. The SSSI citation for the moors defines the principal vegetation and describes a number of specific landforms and transitional areas occurring throughout the site which give rise to specific local flora communities.[2]
The dominant flora of the site is characterised as a wet heath composed of heather (Calluna vulgaris), purple moor-grass (Molinia caerulea), cross-leaved heath (Erica tetralix), deergrass (Trichophorum cespitosum), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and tormentil (Potentilla erecta), and occasional bog-moss (Sphagnum capillifolium).[2]
A repeated feature of the moors, notably found in the central parts of Bewick Moor and at Beanley Moss, are bogs formed in the depressions and basins abounding throughout the site, and on flat land found on higher ground above valleys. The bogs - waterlogged peat accumulations - fall in type between basin mires and blanket bogs, and are an important factor in the significance of the site on their own account, as they transition to other landforms, and because they are the easternmost examples in Britain of such habitats. Bog sites on the moors give rise to heather, cross-leaved heath, common and hare’s-tail cotton-grasses (Eriophorum angustifolium and E. vaginatum) amongst a variety of bog-mosses including (Sphagnum papillosum), (S. capillifolium) and (S. magellanicum). Less common are crowberry (Empetrum nigrum ssp. nigrum), cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos), bog asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum) and round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia).[2]
Transitional bog sites of the sort found on the moors, within heathland, are uncommon and give rise to noteworthy flora. At a bog site west of Cateran Hill there is a transition into a fen supporting bottle-sedge (Carex rostrata), marsh cinquefoil (Potentilla palustris), and the bog-moss (Sphagnum fallax). A Quarryhouse Moor example shows a transition from bog to an area of purple moor-grass, bottle sedge, star and carnation sedges (Carex echinata and C. panicea), bog-moss (Sphagnum palustre), and related species.[2]
Watercourses across the site support soft or sharp-flowered rush (Juncus effusus and J. acutiflorus), haircap moss (Polytrichum commune), and occasional associated flora such as star-sedge, marsh pennywort (Hydrocotyle vulgaris) and bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata).[2]
Rich wetlands occur especially at the east of the moors, and have species mixes arising in part out of the effects of a limestone understratum dominated by purple moor-grass with, in less-grazed areas, bog-myrtle (Myrica gale), and in more-grazed areas, cross-leaved heath and tormentil, with sweet vernal-grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), compact rush (Juncus conglomeratus), sneezewort (Achillea ptramica), marsh thistle (Cirsium palustre) and wild angelica (Angelica sylvestris), and limestone indicators including carnation, glaucous and flea sedges (Carex panicea, C. flacca and C. pulicaris), fen bedstraw (Galium uliginosum), tufted vetch (Vicia cracca) and moss (Hylocomium splendens).[2]
The site has local wetland areas strongly influenced by limestone, with marsh valerian (Valeriana dioica), butterwort (Pinguicula vulgaris), lesser club-moss (Selaginella selaginoides), grass-of-Parnassus (Parnassia palustris), dioecious sedge (Carex dioica), few-flowered spike-rush (Eleocharis quinqueflora) and black bog-rush (Schoenus nigricans). Dry limestone flora are for the most part not found on the moors, with the exception of areas of mat-grass (Nardus stricta).[2]
Rocky outcrops on the site, when accompanied by free draining soil, provide habitat for heather, bilberry and bell-heather (Erica cinerea), with local dry-heath cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) and petty-whin (Genista anglica). Lesser twayblade (Listera cordata) is found in association with old collapsing heather bushes.[2]
Помимо плантаций хвойного дерева, у мавров мало лесного покрова; То, что существует, встречается на границах и по пути потоков на более низких высотах. Виды включают ольху ( alnus glutinosa ), боярышник ( Crataegus monogyna ), коричневая береза ( Betula pubescens ), Rowan ( Sorbus aucuparia ) и случайный пепел ( Fraxinus excelsior ) и земля желтого пимпернеля ( Lysimachia nemorum ), деревянный коррель ( Oxalis Acetosella ) и сглаживаемой сглаженной сан ( Carex Laevigata ). Как и в случае с болотами, лесные массивы также обеспечивают переходные места, например, от влажной березы до фиолетового болота или болот с меньшим прудом ( Carex acutiformis ). Другие виды древесины включают скрабы ушечщенной Sallow ( Salix aurita ), Acid Oakwood ( Quercus petraea и, в частности, один из крупнейших стендов можжевельника ( Juniperus communis ssp. ) ) к западу от Эглингема. [ 2 ]
Киммер Лох, самый большой из множества водных судей по всему маврам, поддерживает желтую водопроводную лилию ( Nuphar Lutea ) и тростника ( Phragmites communis ), окруженная буридом ивы с болотом-мирллом. Кабрал Мур-пруды, к северо-востоку от средней части участка, известен как среда обитания амфибий, включая великих гребня, ладонь и гладких новых ( Triturus cristatus , T. helveticus и T. vulgaris ), общая лягушка ( Rana tomeraria ) и общая жаба ( Bufo Bufo ). [ 2 ]
Дополнительными заметными чертами сайта являются присутствие большой бабочки Хит ( Coenonympha Tullia ), популяции птиц наверх и стендов Bracken ( Pteridium aquilinum ) с цыпочками Wintergreen ( Trientalis Europaea ). [ 2 ]
- Состояние
Bewick и Beanley Moors SSSI разделены на 25 единиц для целей мониторинга. Инспекции в 2009 и 2014 годах обнаружили, что условие большинства подразделений «нечестными», с чрезмерным выпадением и неблагоприятными режимами сжигания верески являются основными причинными проблемами. [ 7 ]
Смотрите также
[ редактировать ]Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в дюймовый и "Magic Map Application - Bewick и Beanley Moors" . Defra Magic Map . Дефра
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в дюймовый и фон глин час я Дж k л м «Bewick и Beanley Moors SSSI Citation» (PDF) . Натуральная Англия.
- ^ «Bewick и Beanley Moors Sssi Northumberland - уведомление в соответствии с разделом 28C Закона о дикой природе и сельской местности 1981 года» (PDF) . Натуральная Англия .
- ^ «Хилл Ханны, Хархоп Ссиси Цитата» (PDF) . Английская природа.
- ^ «Каньон Харехопа» . Британский альпинизм . Получено 21 марта 2024 года .
- ^ Каррутерс, Роберт Джордж; Бернетт, Джордж Александр; Андерсон, Уильям (1930). Геология района Алнвик . HM канцелярские товары. п. 92 Получено 21 марта 2024 года .
- ^ «Состояние единиц SSSI для сайта Bewick и Beanley Moors» . Натуральная Англия. 26 июня 2012 года.
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]- Натуральная Англия SSSI Record для Bewick и Beanley Moors