Ширж Церковь
Св. Ширги и Баку Монастырь | |
 Изображение 1890 -х годов Жюля Александр Теодор Дегранд | |
| Информация о монастыре | |
|---|---|
| Заказ | Бенедиктин [ 1 ] |
| Учредил | 1290 |
| Disestablished | No longer active |
| Dedicated to | Sergius and Bacchus |
| Diocese | Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Shkodër–Pult |
| People | |
| Founder(s) | Helen of Anjou |
| Architecture | |
| Status | ruin |
| Heritage designation | Cultural Monument of Albania |
| Style | Gothic architecture with features from the Romanesque |
| Site | |
| Location | near Shirgj, Shkodër County, Albania |
| Coordinates | 41°59′26″N 19°26′24″E / 41.9905°N 19.4399°E |
| Visible remains | southern wall |
| Public access | yes |
Церковь Ширгжа (Албанца: Киша и Ширкит/Ширгджит ), также известная как монастырь Святых Сергия и Бахуса ( Албанский : Манастири И Шин Ширгит Дхэ Бакут , является разрушенным бывшим бенедиктинским монастырем в деревне Ширдж на реке . ) Северная Албания . Церковь была построена сербской королевой Хелен из Анжу в 1290 году, посвященной святым Сергиям и Бакхусу , предположительно, на вершине базилики до 6-го века в соответствии с косвенными доказательствами. Однако не существует археологических данных о предыдущей структуре.
История
[ редактировать ]Ранняя история
[ редактировать ]Церковь была построена по двум этапам, начиная с 1290 года Хелен Анжу , королева супруга Сербского королевства , женой сербского короля Стефана Уроша I , и Мать Кингс Драгутин и Милутин . [ 2 ] По -видимому, монастырь был построен поверх существующей структуры: согласно апокрифическим документам, оригинальный монастырь упоминается как возведенный Юстинианом , [3] whereas in other sources its existence is mentioned as an abbey starting from 1100.[2] The presence of a pillar of black granite, a material which originates from Syria and was often used in 6th-century basilicas in Albania, suggests that the construction of the original building may lie in the 6th century.[1] The Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja suggests that the monastery was built upon a church used as a royal mausoleum for several predominately Catholic members of the Serbian Vojislavljević dynasty of Duklja including Mihailo I, Constantine Bodin, Dobroslav, Vladimir and Gradinja.[4] However, no archaeological evidence exists of a pre-existing structure.[5]
Inscriptions by the Serbian King Stefan Milutin suggest that major construction works also commenced in 1318, suggesting that the monastery was not completely built at a single point in time.[5] A document dated 22 October 1330 mentions the monastery as the rendezvous point of the king of Rascia with ambassadors of Ragusa.[1] In another document dated 1333, the monastery is mentioned as the customs' place of the kingdom of Rascia.[1]
Modern history
[edit]
Marino Bizzi, the Archbishop of Antivari at the time, wrote in a 1611 report to the Vatican that heavy damages were inflicted to the church as a result of the Ottoman presence in Albania. In 1684, Pjetër Bogdani reported that the church's bell had been put underground. Daniele Farlati also mentioned the church in his Illyricum sacrum.[2] In 1790 archbishop Frang Borci informed Coletti, Farlati's assistant, who was about to republish Illyricum sacrum, that the church was the most beautiful of Albania.[2]
The French consul in Iskodra noted that the monastery's frescoes could still be seen in the church in 1905.[6] At that time only three of the four perimeter walls were still standing.[2] Ippen, then Austrian consul of Iskodra, observed that in the late 1800s and early 1900s the gravediggers of Shirgj would find old mosaics.[2] At present, only a single wall remains and the mosaics can no longer be seen.[1]
The monastery has been under the Vatican's jurisdiction during all of its active life.[2] It was listed as a Monument of Culture by the Albanian government in 1970.[7]
The ruins were visited by Patriarch Irinej of the Serbian Orthodox Church in 2014.[8]
Possible characteristics
[edit]Exterior
[edit]The monastery was a three-church basilica. The main entrance sat in the central bay of the western façade, consisting of a porch that was supported by pillars. A secondary entrance to the monastery was positioned on the southern façade. The triangular gable and walls of the monastery were constructed with alternating layers of stone and brick, while the lunette was solely made of bricks. The monastery was predominately illuminated by two large windows placed above the western side of the monastery. The roof was constructed using roof tiles at a 30 degree angle.[5]
Interior
[edit]The monastery had six square stone pillars in the interior. The interior walls were covered with frescoes and the interior articulation was crowned with arches. The monastery had a raised semicircular apse.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lala, Etleva. "Mansatiri i Shën Shergjit dhe Bakut, misteret ende të pazbuluara". Albasoul (in Albanian). Retrieved 20 September 2010.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Ndreca, Ardian (14 September 2008). "Rrënojat e Abacisë së Shirgjit dhe shpëtimi i tyne" (PDF). Gazeta 55. p. 6. Retrieved 20 September 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Erdeljan, Jelena (2017). "Two Inscriptions from the Church of Sts Sergius and Bacchus Near Shkodër and the Question of Text and Image as Markers of Identity in Medieval Serbia". In Moutafov, Emmanuel; Erdeljan, Jelena (eds.). Texts – Inscriptions – Images: Art readings (PDF). Sofia: Institute of Art Studies. pp. 132–133. ISBN 978-954-8594-65-3.
It is surmised that the church was founded in Justinian times, around 535, with the spread and especially with the imperial patronage of the cult of its patron saints, two Roman Christian soldiers martyred in Syria in the 4th century. [...] According to the testimony of the Chronicle of Bar, although a source considered unreliable, this basilica became the royal mausoleum of the 11th century Serbian Vojislavljević dynasty who ruled over Zeta and thus the burial place of kings Mihajlo and Bodin and their heirs, Vladimir and Gradihna. Documents form Kotor indicate that in 1166 the abbot of Sts Sergius and Bacchus, Petar, was present at the consecration of the cathedral of St Tryphon in Kotor and at that time, towards the end of the 12th century, Shkodër and its environs became a part of the Serbian Nemanide state
- ^ Prilozi za književnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor. Vol. 51–52. Državna Štamparija. 1988. p. 94.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Ožujski Živkov, Stanislav (2020). "Evidence for the architectural reconstruction of the church of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus (Kisha e Shirgjit) on the Bojana (Buna) River near Skhodra, Albania". Starohrvatska prosvjeta. 3 (47): 589–629. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
- ^ Alexandre Degrand, Souvenirs de la Haute-Albanie, 1905
- ^ Republic of Albania Community for the Cults. "Objekte fetare me statusin \"Monument Kulture\"" (in Albanian). Albanian Government. Retrieved 20 September 2010.
- ^ «Сербский патриарх Иринедж посетил церковь Светы Трохики в Враке и Церкви Святого Сергия и Бахуса-Идентификатор-Газета E InternetiT E Minoritetit Serbo-Malazez» . www.identitet.al .
Дальнейшее чтение
[ редактировать ]- Дегранд, Александр; Александр, Жюль; ДеГранд, Теодор (1901). Воспоминания о высокой альбании . Корбейл. п. 270
- «Забытое сердце государства » .
