Команда

Тимна/ *Тель Баташ*
Тель -Батиш или Тамана
	Shown within Israel
Alternative name	תמנתה
Location
Coordinates	31°47′06″N 34°54′40″E / 31.78500°N 34.91111°E
Area	10 acre
History
Periods	Middle Bronze Age
Site notes
Excavation dates	1979–1990s
Archaeologists	Amihai Mazar & George L. Kelm

Тимнатх или Тимна был филистимским городом в Ханаане , который упоминается в еврейской Библии в судьях 14 и в связи с Самсоном . Современные археологи идентифицируют древнее место с рассказыванием , лежащим на плоской аллювиальной равнине, расположенной в Совекской долине, ок. 7 километров (4,3 мили) к северо-западу от Бейт Шемеш , недалеко от Мошав Тал Шахар в Израиле , известный на иврите как Тель-Баташ (תל בטש בטש) или телулиот Баташи (множественное число), и на арабском языке , как рассказывать Буташи или Телелат Баташи (множество). Сайт не должен быть запутан ни с пока еще неопознанной Тимной из холма Иудеи ( Джош 15:57 ), ни с южным местом, сцепляющим медью Тимны в Арабе, недалеко от Эйлата .

Курган Тель-Баташ был обнаружен в 19-м веке К. Клермонтом-Ганно , который назвал его римским военным лагерем. ^{[ 1 ]} В последующие годы место было обнаружено до 1977–1989 годов, в 12 сезонах раскопок, Амихай Мазар и Джордж Л. Келм, в то время как Келм служил профессором библейского происхождения и археологии в юго -западном баптистском богословском семинарии , на раскопке, спонсируемым Семинария. ^[2]^[1]

Geography

Tel Batash is strategically located in the Sorek Valley, an access point from the Coastal Plain through the Shephelah and into the Central Judean Mountains.

Hebrew Bible references

In Genesis 38:13, a place called Timnah (Timnath) is mentioned in the context of the story of the Hebrew patriarch Judah and Tamar. Some think that Judah may have gone to this Timnah (Tibna) to shear his sheep, when he met his daughter-in-law in passing,^[3] while others suggest that this would have happened in the Timnath now known in Arabic as Khirbet et-Tibbaneh.^[4]^[5]^[6]

In Joshua 15:10, a place with this name is mentioned as a point on the border of the Tribe of Judah, and Judges 14:5 refers to Timnah's vineyards.

In Judges 14:1–20, Samson went down to Timnah in order to find a wife. On his way there, he tore apart a lion. Samson married a "girl of the Philistines" from Timnah and posed a riddle for the men of Timnah, which they were only able to resolve following the intervention of his wife.

History

Excavations under the leadership of Mazar and Kelm during the 1970s–1980s uncovered twelve strata of continuous settlement at the site through the Hellenistic period, with sparse settlement nearby during the Byzantine period.^[7]

Not far from the tell, on the edge of Nahal Sorek (Sorek Valley), are the remains of a Roman road as well as settlement dating to the Chalcolithic and Canaanite periods.

Bronze Age

Tel Batash was first settled in the Middle Bronze Age by creating an earthen rampart that enclosed the 10 acre (4 hectare) site.^[7]

Iron Age

Iron I

Tel Batash during the Philistine era (Late Bronze Age to Iron Age) was a fortified city with dense mud-brick construction.^[7]

Iron II

The archaeologists discovered fortifications and buildings from the Kingdom of Judah period, dating to the 7th and 8th centuries BCE. In one of the buildings, a ceramic potsherd bearing a written LMLK seal was found.^[7]

Old identification (Khirbet Tibneh)

Khirbet Tibna, also spelled Kh. Tibneh, is a ruin situated ca. 3.2 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Bet Shemesh, Israel,^[8] and lying at an elevation of 740 feet (230 m) above sea-level.^[9] In the Survey of Palestine Map of 1928–1947 (Pal 1157), preserved at the National Library of Israel, it is listed in map section 14-12, at Grid reference 144.1 / 127.9 [144/127 PAL], under coordinates 31^o44'36.587" N / 34^o56'12.72"E. The ruin lies ca. 2 kilometers north-east of Moshav Sdot Micha and about 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) south-west of Bîr el-Leimûn.^[10] Access to the site is now restricted, as it sits in a military area. Early explorers and historical geographers identified the ruin Kh. Tibna with the biblical town of Timnah, thought to be associated with stories of the biblical Samson (Judges 14:1–5).^[11]^[8]^[12]^[13] French orientalist Clermont-Ganneau also thought Tibna to be a corruption of the Hebrew word Timnah.^[14]

Edward Robinson visited the immediate area in 1838, and Tibna was already a deserted village.^[15] Archaeologist W.F. Albright visited the site in the winter of 1924–25, which he described as "Khirbet Tibneh, the Timnath of the Samson story." He wrote that the site was covered with "masses of Græco-Roman and Byzantine débris," although he was unable to come-up with Jewish potsherds.^[16] In the 1940s, archaeologist Benjamin Mazar conducted a surface survey in the region, including Tell Butashi, without digging.^[17]

Modern identification (Tell Butashi)

Today, modern archaeologists think the biblical Timnath (Timnah) associated with the saga of Samson to have been situated where Tell Butashi is now located and where extensive archaeological excavations had been conducted during the 1970s–1980s. With the town's demise, the name "Timnah" is thought to have migrated to the site now known as Khirbet Tibna, a few kilometers away from Tell Butashi.

References

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land (ed. E. Stern), vol. 1, Jerusalem 1993, p. 152 ISBN 965-220-209-6
^ Center for Online Judaic Studies, Excavating in Samson Country, George L. Kelm and Amihai Mazar, BAR 15:01, Jan-Feb 1989, accessed 11 November 2016
^ Genesis 38:14
^ See George L. Kelm & Amihai Mazar, p. 58 in: Kelm, George (1984). "Timnah: A Biblical City in the Sorek Valley". Archaeology. 37 (3): 58–59, 78–79. JSTOR 41729127.
^ F.M. Abel, Géographie de la Palestine (vol. II), Paris 1938, p. 481, s.v. Thimna (1), citing Conder & Kitchener's SWP, III, p. 53.
^ Samuel Klein, Eretz Yisrael: Geography of Israel for High Schools and for the People (Heb. ארץ ישראל -- גיאוגרפיה של ארץ ישראל לבתי ספר תיכוניים ולעם), Vienna 1922, p. 42 (Hebrew)
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land (ed. E. Stern), vol. 1, Jerusalem 1993, p. 156 ISBN 965-220-209-6
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Negev, Avraham; Gibson, Shimon, eds. (2001). 509 (snippet view). New York and London: Continuum. p. 509. ISBN 0-8264-1316-1. Retrieved 26 July 2021. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ The Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement, London 1871, p. 93
^ Bîr el-Leimûn lies perpendicular to the ancient ruin of Tibna and the biblical city of Beit Shemesh (ʻAin Shems), being a junction on the road between Zorah and Tibna and where there is a well. As late as 1835 it was still inhabited, but is now a ruin. See: Edward Robinson & Eli Smith, Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea (vol. III), Boston 1841, Arabic Lists – Second Appendix on p. 120.
^ Woudstra, Marten H., The Book of Joshua (1981)
^ Adolphe Neubauer, La Géographie du Talmud, Paris 1868, pp. 102–103
^ Guérin, Victor (1869). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale. pp. 29–31.
^ Page 214 in:Clermont-Ganneau, Charles Simon (1896). [ARP] Archaeological Researches in Palestine 1873–1874, translated from the French by J. McFarlane. Vol. 2. London: Palestine Exploration Fund.
^ Edward Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine, vol. II, section XI, London 1856, pp. 16–17
^ See p. 10 in: Albright, W.F. (1925). "Topographical Researches in Judæa". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 18 (18): 7+9–11. doi:10.2307/3218963. JSTOR 3218963. S2CID 163593964.
^ G. Kelm & A. Mazar, "Timnah: A Biblical City in the Sorek Valley", in: Archaeology, Vol. 37, No. 3 (May/June 1984), Archaeological Institute of America, p. 58

Other References

George L. Kelm; Amihay Mazar (December 1995). Timnah: a biblical city in the Sorek Valley. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-0-931464-97-3. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Amsterdam University Press. 31 December 2000. p. 1312. ISBN 978-90-5356-503-2 Полем Получено 27 октября 2010 года .
Джон Чарльз Хью Лафлин (2006). Пятьдесят крупных городов Библии: от Дэна до Бирсхабы . Routledge. С. 226 -. ISBN 978-0-415-22315-7 Полем Получено 27 октября 2010 года .
Лестер Л. Грабб (2003). «Как птица в клетке»: вторжение в Сеннахириб в 701 году до н.э. Continuum International Publishing Group. п. 12. ISBN 978-0-8264-6215-2 Полем Получено 27 октября 2010 года .
Джонатан Майкл Голден (ноябрь 2004 г.). Древние Ханаан и Израиль: новые перспективы . ABC-Clio. С. 70–71. ISBN 978-1-57607-897-6 Полем Получено 27 октября 2010 года .

Внешние ссылки

Обзор западной Палестины, карта 1880 года, карта 16: IAA , Wikimedia Commons Tell Butashi и регион Тимна, недалеко от Сорекской долины ( Wady Es Surar )

[Holy_Land_1993,_p._152-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land (ed. E. Stern), vol. 1, Jerusalem 1993, p. 152 ISBN 965-220-209-6

[2] Center for Online Judaic Studies, Excavating in Samson Country, George L. Kelm and Amihai Mazar, BAR 15:01, Jan-Feb 1989, accessed 11 November 2016

[3] Genesis 38:14

[4] See George L. Kelm & Amihai Mazar, p. 58 in: Kelm, George (1984). "Timnah: A Biblical City in the Sorek Valley". Archaeology. 37 (3): 58–59, 78–79. JSTOR 41729127.

[5] F.M. Abel, Géographie de la Palestine (vol. II), Paris 1938, p. 481, s.v. Thimna (1), citing Conder & Kitchener's SWP, III, p. 53.

[6] Samuel Klein, Eretz Yisrael: Geography of Israel for High Schools and for the People (Heb. ארץ ישראל -- גיאוגרפיה של ארץ ישראל לבתי ספר תיכוניים ולעם), Vienna 1922, p. 42 (Hebrew)

[NEAE156-7] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land (ed. E. Stern), vol. 1, Jerusalem 1993, p. 156 ISBN 965-220-209-6

[Negev-8] Jump up to: ^a ^b Negev, Avraham; Gibson, Shimon, eds. (2001). 509 (snippet view). New York and London: Continuum. p. 509. ISBN 0-8264-1316-1. Retrieved 26 July 2021. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[9] The Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement, London 1871, p. 93

[10] Bîr el-Leimûn lies perpendicular to the ancient ruin of Tibna and the biblical city of Beit Shemesh (ʻAin Shems), being a junction on the road between Zorah and Tibna and where there is a well. As late as 1835 it was still inhabited, but is now a ruin. See: Edward Robinson & Eli Smith, Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea (vol. III), Boston 1841, Arabic Lists – Second Appendix on p. 120.

[11] Woudstra, Marten H., The Book of Joshua (1981)

[12] Adolphe Neubauer, La Géographie du Talmud, Paris 1868, pp. 102–103

[13] Guérin, Victor (1869). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale. pp. 29–31.

[14] Page 214 in:Clermont-Ganneau, Charles Simon (1896). [ARP] Archaeological Researches in Palestine 1873–1874, translated from the French by J. McFarlane. Vol. 2. London: Palestine Exploration Fund.

[15] Edward Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine, vol. II, section XI, London 1856, pp. 16–17

[16] See p. 10 in: Albright, W.F. (1925). "Topographical Researches in Judæa". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 18 (18): 7+9–11. doi:10.2307/3218963. JSTOR 3218963. S2CID 163593964.

[17] G. Kelm & A. Mazar, "Timnah: A Biblical City in the Sorek Valley", in: Archaeology, Vol. 37, No. 3 (May/June 1984), Archaeological Institute of America, p. 58

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