Аритоидный хрящ
| Аритоидный хрящ | |
|---|---|
 The cartilages of the larynx seen from behind | |
| Details | |
| Precursor | 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch |
| Part of | Larynx |
| Articulations | Cricoid cartilage |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | cartilagines arytenoideae |
| MeSH | D001193 |
| TA98 | A06.2.04.001 |
| TA2 | 983 |
| FMA | 55109 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
Ареноидные хрящи ( / ær ɪ ˈ t iː n ɔɪ d / ) представляют собой пару маленьких трехсторонних пирамид , которые образуют часть гортани . Они являются местом привязанности голосовых связок . Каждый из них является пирамидальной или в форме ковша и имеет три поверхности, основание и вершину. Ареноидные хрящи позволяют двигаться вокальных связков, сочленясь с крикоидным хрящом . На них может быть затронут артрит , дислокации или склероз.
Структура
[ редактировать ]Ареноидные хрящи являются частью задней части гортани . [ 1 ]
Поверхности
[ редактировать ]Задняя поверхность является треугольной, гладкой, вогнутой и дает прикрепление к арийтоидной мышце и трансверсусу.
Передне -латеральная поверхность несколько выпуклая и грубая. На нем, рядом с вершиной хряща, находится округлая высота (колликулус), из которой хребет (Криста Аркуата) сначала кривые сначала назад, а затем вниз и вперед к вокальному процессу . Нижняя часть этого гребня вмешивается между двумя депрессиями или Foveæ , верхней, треугольной и нижней продолговатой формой; Последнее дает привязанность к мышцам тиреоридоидов (вокальная мышца).
The medial surface is narrow, smooth, and flattened, covered by mucous membrane.[1] It forms the lateral boundary of the intercartilaginous part of the rima glottidis.
Base and apex
[edit]The base of each cartilage is broad, and on it is a concave smooth surface, for articulation with the cricoid cartilage.
- Its lateral angle is called the muscular process.[1]
- Its anterior angle is called the vocal process.[1]
The apex of each cartilage is pointed, curved backward and medialward, and surmounted by a small conical, cartilaginous nodule, the corniculate cartilage. It articulates with the cricoid lamina with a ball-and-socket joint.[1]
Function
[edit]The arytenoid cartilages allow the vocal folds to be tensed, relaxed, or approximated. They articulate with the supero-lateral parts of the cricoid cartilage lamina, forming the cricoarytenoid joints at which they can come together, move apart, tilt anteriorly or posteriorly, and rotate.
Clinical significance
[edit]Arthritis
[edit]Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis can affect the cricoarytenoid joint.[1] This can cause airway obstruction, which may be life-threatening.[1]
Dislocation
[edit]Rarely, the arytenoid cartilage may be dislocated.[2] This is most often caused by tracheal intubation,[2][3] major trauma to the larynx, [2] or more rarely a laryngeal mask airway.[4] This may cause symptoms with problems breathing, such as "breathiness" when breathing.[2] Electromyography and CT scans of the larynx may be used to assess a dislocation in detail.[2] Dislocations may be reduced using an endoscope.[2]
Laryngeal cancer
[edit]Some cases of laryngeal cancer cause the arytenoid cartilage to appear sclerotic.[5] This may be observed, and is highly predictive of laryngeal cancer.[5]
History
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The term "arytenoid" comes from Ancient Greek ἀρύταινα arytaina meaning "ladle" and εἶδος eidos, meaning "form".[6] They are also often described as "pyramid" shaped.[1] The word "arytenoid" is pronounced /ærɪˈtiːnɔɪd/.[7]
Other animals
[edit]The arytenoid cartilages are in the larynxes of many animals, including horses.[8]
Additional images
[edit]-
Sagittal section of the larynx and upper part of the trachea. -
The entrance to the larynx, viewed from behind. -
Muscles of the larynx, seen from above. -
Arytenoid cartilage -
Arytenoid cartilage
References
[edit]
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1075 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Krohner, Robert G.; Ramanathan, Sivam (2007). "1 - Functional Anatomy of the Airway". Benumof's airway management: principles and practice (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby. pp. 3–21. doi:10.1016/B978-032302233-0.50005-6. ISBN 978-0-323-07017-1. OCLC 324998129.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Rubin, Adam D.; Hawkshaw, Mary J.; Moyer, Cheryl A.; Dean, Carole M.; Sataloff, Robert T. (2005-12-01). "Arytenoid Cartilage Dislocation: A 20-year Experience". Journal of Voice. 19 (4): 687–701. doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.11.002. ISSN 0892-1997. PMID 16301111.
- ^ Yamakana, H.; Hayashi, Y.; Watanabe, Y.; Uematu, H.; Mashimo, T. (September 2009). "Prolonged hoarseness and arytenoid cartilage dislocation after tracheal intubation". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 103 (3): 452–455. doi:10.1093/bja/aep228. ISSN 0007-0912. PMID 19556269.
- ^ Rosenberg, Michael K.; Rontal, Eugene; Rontal, Michael; Lebenbom-Mansour, Miriam (December 1996). "Arytenoid Cartilage Dislocation Caused by a Laryngeal Mask Airway Treated with Chemical Splinting". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 83 (6): 1335–1336. doi:10.1213/00000539-199612000-00037. ISSN 0003-2999. PMID 8942611.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Muñoz, A; Ramos, A; Ferrando, J; Gómez, B; Escudero, L; Relea, F; García-Prats, D; Rodríguez, F (1 November 1993). "Laryngeal carcinoma: sclerotic appearance of the cricoid and arytenoid cartilage--CT-pathologic correlation". Radiology. 189 (2): 433–437. doi:10.1148/radiology.189.2.8210372. ISSN 0033-8419. PMID 8210372.
- ^ Farlex dictionary: arytenoid cartilage Citing: Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition.
- ^ Murry, James A. H. (1888). A New English Dictionary on a Historical Basis. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 477.
- ^ Rakestraw, P. C.; Hackett, R. P.; Ducharme, N. G.; Nielan, G. J.; Erb, H. N. (1991). "Arytenoid Cartilage Movement in Resting and Exercising Horses". Veterinary Surgery. 20 (2): 122–127. doi:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1991.tb00319.x. ISSN 1532-950X. PMID 2042281.
