Немецкий археологический институт
 Логотип немецкого археологического института | |
| Основатель (ы) | Эдуард Герхард |
|---|---|
| Учредил | 1832 |
| Президент | Friederike Fless |
| Бюджет | 38 миллионов € [ 1 ] |
| Расположение | , |
| Координаты | ° nall ° 2 (уникальный »5. ° 53 50583356852886 ° только новый |
| Website | www.dainst.org |
Немецкий археологический институт ( немецкий : Deutsches Archäologisches Institut , DAI ) является исследовательским институтом в области археологии (и других связанных с ними областей). [ 2 ] DAI является «федеральным агентством» в рамках Федерального управления иностранных дел Германии . [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
Статус, задачи и цели
[ редактировать ]Институт попадает под зонтик Федерального министерства иностранных Германии дел . [ 5 ] Он имеет законное право на академическое самоуправление [ 5 ] но также является важным компонентом культурных, художественных и внешних политических программ Германии. [ 6 ] DAI часто заложил основу для установления межгосударственных отношений. Он поддерживает отношения со многими академическими организациями по всему миру. Его члены включают немецких археологов, немецких представителей аффилированных дисциплин и нескольких важных иностранных исследователей. Невозможно подать заявку на членство; Это может быть получено только с помощью копети . Отбор в качестве соответствующего или обычного члена, соответственно, является особой честью и знаком академического признания. DAI ведет исследовательские офисы во многих странах мира, и ряд комиссий, посвященных конкретным темам.
The DAI carries out archaeological and historical research worldwide and therefore often works with scholars of host countries and other international scholars. Traditionally, the Mediterranean region and the Near East are the main areas of activity, but since 1979, the institute's activities have transcended these regions and are carried out worldwide. The institute carries out excavations, expeditions, and other projects. Since 2009, the DAI has established "centres of excellence in research and teaching" in the context of the "Foreign Academic Policy Initiative" (Initiative Außenwissenschaftspolitik).[7] The institute is among the internationally recognised Top Research Institutes. To maintain this standard, the DAI receives special research from the Federal government's Genshagener Programme.
In 2019, it was decided to create a "KulturGutRetter-Mechanismus" under the leadership of the German Archaeology Institute in partnership with the Technisches Hilfswerk, the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, and other partners.[8] In crisis situations, it should provide mechanisms for the protection, maintenance, and salvage of artefacts and buildings.[9]
It is a goal of the DAI to support deeper mutual understanding between cultures. It seeks to make a contribution to intercultural dialogue. Additionally, through altruistic research of other cultures and academic interaction with other nations, it is meant to contribute positively to Germany's reputation in the world.[10]
History
[edit]Foundation
[edit]
The German Archaeological Institute was established in the early days of archaeology as a scholarly discipline. Even before its establishment, there were learned societies, like the Accademia Etrusca, focused on the material remains of ancient peoples, but they were antiquarian in approach. The first moves toward an archaeological organisation took place in Rome in the 1820s, with the establishment of the Roman Hyperboreans, a circle of European academics, artists, and diplomats. They realised that the new knowledge and artefacts then being discovered at an ever-accelerating rate required international academic collaboration. The early attempt to establish a "Roman-Hyperborean Society" to facilitate that collaboration are commemorated in the logo of the DAI, which depicts a Hyperborean griffin. On 2 January 1829, the archaeologist Eduard Gerhard, the Prussian envoy Christian Charles Josias von Bunsen, the Hannoverian chargé d'affairs in Rome, August Kestner, the commissario della antichità Carlo Fea, and the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen announced the foundation of an Instituto di corrispondenza archeologica (Italian for "institute of archaeological correspondence"). The founding event took place on 21 April 1829, the mythical foundation date of Rome. The Prussian crown prince Frederick William agreed to be the society's patron. The first president was the French ambassador to Naples, Pierre Louis Jean Casimir de Blacas. Administration was entrusted to a board of secretaries, led by a General Secretary. Among the founding members were Otto Magnus von Stackelberg and Theodor Panofka. After de Blacas' death in 1839, Klemens von Metternich was appointed as president in 1841. After Metternich's death in 1859, political and social representation ceased to play an important role in the organisation.
Initially, the Institute's goal was to gather and publish all archaeological discoveries relating to Classical Antiquity. The focus was on Greek and Roman antiquities, but finds from Egypt and the Near East were not excluded. There were two types of membership: corresponding members (socii) and ordinary members (membri). The socii ("fellows") were intended to form a dense network covering the whole of Europe. They were served by sections in Italy, Germany, France, and England. The Paris section under the leadership of Honoré Théodoric d'Albert de Luynes was particularly active in these early years. The membri were a smaller group who undertook long-term duties and were obliged to produce academic contributions and to review publications. The basic distinction is retained to this day.
The foundation of the institute was a significant milestone for the professionalisation of archaeology. For the first time, efforts were made to gather and publish all archaeological finds, rather than focusing on the significance of individual monuments in isolation. The Bullettino degli Annali dell'Instituto di Corrispondenza Archeologica was the first archaeological periodical, and created the possibility for new discoveries to be continually published. The creation of a large reading library, open to all researchers, was another new development. Along with this a continuously active research centre with public lectures and discussions was created for the first time. All of these innovations made the Roman institute a centre of archaeological research in Europe and a model for the later national institutes created in the Mediterranean and Near East.
When Eduard Gebhard left Rome in 1832, for the Altes Museum in Berlin, the institute's centre of gravity shifted to Berlin too.[11] Simultaneously, nationalist interests increased and the institute lost its international aspect. In 1836, the first modest buildings of the institute were erected in Rome on the land of the Prussian embassy. From 1842, the secretaries received salaries, the whole cost of which was taken over by the Prussian ministry of culture. The highest administrative organ, the central directorate, had several international members, until the Revolutions of 1848-1849, after which only German members were allowed.
Imperial Institute (1871–1945)
[edit]In 1871, the "Institute for Archaeological Correspondence" – as it was known at the time – formally became an organ of the Prussian state government. Three years later, it was renamed as the Kaiserlich Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (Imperial German Archaeological Institute).[12] After becoming an Imperial Institute (Reichsanstalt), the DAI opened a second foreign base, the Athens Division, in 1874. Like the Roman division, the Athenian Division was tasked with recording and publishing artefacts. However, from the beginning, its focus was carrying out archaeological excavations and topographical surveys. The Roman Division did not undertake this kind of research until after the Second World War. The Athenian Division was the second foreign research institute to be founded in Athens, after the French School, which was founded in 1846.
The foundation of the Romano-Germanic Commission (RGK) in 1902 was due to changing academic frameworks. The influence of historicism led to a shift in interest away from art historical and philological approaches to archaeology towards empirical research of objects derived from archaeological excavations. The goal was to create an organisation, which would provide a home for the newer archaeological sub-disciplines of prehistory and Roman provincial archaeology. The RGK was intended to be the central hub of archaeological research in Germany, which had hitherto been undertaken by a range of local heritage associations, antiquarian societies, and the Imperial Limes Commission. As in Italy, it did not initially undertake its own excavations, busying itself with investigations at Aliso and Trier.
On the hundredth anniversary of the DAI's establishment in 1929, it expanded further and took over existing structures elsewhere. In Egypt, the Cairo Division was established in this year, amalgamating several German predecessor organisations. In Turkey, the Istanbul Division was established, taking over projects and structures of the Berlin museums, which had been active in Asia Minor since the late 19th century. It was also planned to open a branch office in Madrid in 1929, but this did not actually take place until 1943.
Post-war history (1945–)
[edit]The Baghdad division was founded in 1955 and the Tehran division in 1961. In 1967, the Commission for Ancient History and Epigraphy, which had been established in 1955, was brought under the DAI's umbrella to facilitate the study of textual material recovered from archaeological excavations. The Lisbon division was founded in 1971 and subsequently closed in 1999, with its library passing under the control of the Portuguese Directorate General for Cultural Heritage. The Sana'a Office in Yemen was opened in 1978. The Commission for General and Comparative Archaeology (KAVA) was established in Bonn in 1979; it was later redubbed the Commission for Archaeology of Non-European Cultures (KAAK). The Damascus Office was established in 1980. With the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq War in 1980, the Baghdad division's library and offices were largely relocated to Berlin and it ceased excavations, shifting its focus to heritage protection. The Eurasian Division was established in 1995, to pursue research in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, which had become possible following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The Tehran Office became part of the new division in 1996. The Damascus, Sana'a, and Baghdad Offices were placed under the control of a new Eastern Division, based at the DAI's headquarters in Berlin in 1996. The Ulaanbaatar research centre was founded in Mongolia in 2007 under the umbrella of KAAK. The Beijing Office was established in 2009. The Baghdad office resumed archaeological excavations in Iraqi Kurdistan resumed in 2011, and in southern Iraq in 2015. Following the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War in 2011, the Damascus Office shifted its base to Amman in Jordan, where it formed a close partnership with the German Protestant Institute of Archaeology of the Holy Land (GPIA). Parts of the Damascus library were relocated to Berlin. The DAI and GPIA jointly established a new research centre in Amman in 2019, which has effectively subsumed the Damascus office. With the outbreak of the Yemeni Civil War in 2014, the Sana'a office's buildings in Sana'a were closed and its main focus has shifted to Northeast Africa, where it had been active since 2009. The Budapest research centre was set up in June 2016.
General Secretaries
[edit]- Alexander Conze (1887–1905)
- Otto Puchstein (1905–1911)
- Hans Dragendorff (1911–1922)
- Gerhart Rodenwaldt (1922–1926)
Presidents
[edit]- Gerhart Rodenwaldt (1926–1932)
- Theodor Wiegand (1932–1936)
- Martin Schede (1938–1945)
- Carl Weickert (1947–1954)
- Erich Boehringer (1954–1960)
- Kurt Bittel (1960–1972)
- Werner Krämer (1972–1980)
- Edmund Buchner (1980–1988)
- Helmut Kyrieleis (1988–2003)
- Hermann Parzinger (2003–2008)
- Hans-Joachim Gehrke (2008–2011)[13]
- Friederike Fless (since 2011)[14][15][16]
Structure and organisation
[edit]
The German Archaeological Institute is headed by a president (since 2011, this is Friederike Fless, the first woman to hold the position), who is supported by a general secretary (since 2014, this is Philipp von Rummel). The secretary represents the president and supports them, particularly in matters of academic organisation and policy. The president is bound by the determinations of the central directorate.
The central directorate (Zentraldirektion) is the highest monitoring and decision-making body of the DAI. It determines the annual budget and academic programme, as well as making decisions about publications. It also chooses the president and the directors of the divisions and commissions. A new statue governing the role of the central directorate came into force on 1 October 2019, which specified in particular that employees of the DAI can no longer be members of the central directorate.
As of May 2023, the central directorate consisted of the following members:[17]
- Ute Verstegen, chairman, Christian archaeology
- Carola Metzner-Nebelsick, deputy chairman, Prehistory
- Vito Cecere, Representative of the Foreign office
- Christina Norwig, Representative of the Federal Ministry for Education and Research
- Representatives of the various archaeological disciplines and affiliated topics from universities, museums, and other academic institutions
- Christof Berns, Classical archaeology
- Ruth Bielfeldt, Classical archaeology
- Ulrike Fauerbach, Architectural history
- Kaja Harter-Uibopuu, Ancient history
- Barbara Helwing, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin, Near Eastern archaeology
- Lutz Käppel, Classical philology
- Achim Lichtenberger, Classical archaeology
- Angelika Lohwasser, Egyptology
- Johannes Müller, Prehistory
- Marcus Reuter, Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier, Roman provincial archaeology
- Monika Trümper, Classical archaeology
The president, general secretary, and speaker of the directors of the DAI participate in meetings of the central directorate in an advisory capacity.
Until the introduction of a new statute on 1 January 2005, classical archaeology had even more representation in the directorate, since they supplied ten of the subject representatives on the directorate, with only one seat for representatives of other subjects. Until 2005, the general secretary of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum was an ex officio member of the directorate.
The central directorate is responsible for the award of scholarships, except for those awarded by the commissions. The most important of these is the travel stipend of the DAI (Reisestipendium ), which has been awarded annually since 1859. The members of the scholarship committee are Friederike Fless (chairwoman), Katja Sporn, Ruth Bielfeldt, Ulrike Fauerbach, Kaja Harter-Uibopuu, Lutz Käppel, Carola Metzner-Nebelsick und Monika Trümper.
The members of the heritage building committee are Ulrike Fauerbach (chairwoman), Friederike Fless, Philipp von Rummel, Katja Piesker, Steffen Laue, Klaus Nohlen, Andreas Schwarting, Axel Seemann and Josef Steiner.
Board of directors
[edit]The board of directors (Directorium) consists of the president, general secretary, and the directors of the divisions and commissions of the DAI. It is responsible for working out comprehensive academic plans, strategic objectives, and comprehensive organisational rules.[18]
- President: Friederike Fless
- General secretary: Philipp von Rummel
- Athens division: Katja Sporn
- Istanbul division: Felix Pirson
- Cairo division: Dietrich Raue
- Madrid division: Dirce Marzoli
- Rome division: Ortwin Dally, Speaker of the directors
- Eurasian division: Svend Hansen
- Eastern division: Margarete van Ess
- Commission for ancient history and epigraphy: Christof Schuler
- Commission for archaeology of non-European cultres: Jörg Linstädter
- Römisch-Germanische Kommission: Kerstin P. Hofmann, acting speaker of the board
Divisions and foreign schools
[edit]The institute contains the following divisions based outside Germany.[19][20]
- Eurasian Division, Berlin; director: Svend Hansen; deputy: Mayke Wagner
- Tehran Office, Iran. Director: Judith Thomalsky
- Beijing Office, China. Director: Mayke Wagner
- Eastern Division, Berlin. Director: Margarete van Ess; Deputy: Simone Mühl
- Damascus Office, Syria. Director: Claudia Bührig.
- Sana'a Office, Yemen. Director: Iris Gerlach
- Baghdad Office, Iraq. Acting director: Margarete van Ess.
- Athens Division, Greece. Director: Katja Sporn, Deputy: Oliver Pilz
- Istanbul Division, Turkey. Director: Felix Pirson; Deputy: Moritz Kinzel
- Cairo Division, Egypt. Director: Dietrich Raue; Deputy: Ralph Bodenstein
- Madrid Division, Spain. Director: Dirce Marzoli; Deputy: Felix Arnold
- Lisbon Office, Portugal, closed 1999.
- Rome Division, Italy. Director: Ortwin Dally; Deputy: Norbert Zimmermann
The German Protestant Institute of Archaeology of the Holy Land in Jerusalem is simultaneously an office of the German Archaeological Institute. It is led by Dieter Vieweger, the current director for Jerusalem and Amman, who is also director of the Jerusalem section. The Amman section Brita Jansen.
Commissions
[edit]- Romano-Germanic Commission in Frankfurt am Main, directed by Kerstin P. Hofmann, includes the world's largest library for prehistoric archaeology.
- Ingolstadt research centre (1984–2015)
- Budapest research centre at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (since June 2016)
- Commission for Ancient History and Epigraphy in Munich, directed by Christof Schuler; deputy is Rudolf Haensch
- Commission for Archaeology of Non-European Cultures (KAAK), previously the Commission for General and Comparative Archaeology (KAVA), in Bonn, led by Jörg Linstädter
- Ulaanbaatar research centre, led by Christina Franken
The commissions have academic advisory boards, whose members previously served for an unlimited period of time, but now have a maximum term of ten years.
Cross-disciplinary units of the central organisation
[edit]- Architecture unit (construction, reconstructions, research into the history of architecture): Katja Piesker
- Научная единица (Антропология / Палеопатология, Археоботания, Археозоология, Дендрохронология / Палеоклиматология ): Ферран Анколин
- Отдел информационных технологий (академическая ИТ, Разработка цифровых исследований): Reinhard Förtsch
- Подразделение для защиты наследия и управления площадками: Rainer Komp
Единицы и области в пределах Президиума:
- Единица для технологического развития и баз данных
- Внутренняя связь: Себастьян Добберштейн
- Пресс -офис: Николь Керер
Центральные офисы
[ редактировать ]- Центральная администрация
- Публикации, возглавляемые Питером Баумеистером
- Библиотека, возглавляемая Генриеттой Сенст
- Центральный архив
- Центральный фотоархив
- Колледж Лепзиуса
Публикации
[ редактировать ]Полный список публикаций Института (журналы, серии, монографии) доступны в Интернете. [ 21 ]
DAI производит некоторые из наиболее важных немецких археологических журналов (переведенное название и стандартные аббревиатуры в скобках):
- Археология по всему миру. Журнал немецкого археологического института (археология во всем мире) [ 22 ]
- Ежегодник Немецкого археологического института (Ежегодник Германии археологического института, JDI)
- Археологический Анзегер (археологическая газетта, АА)
- Archäologische Bibliographie (археологическая библиография), печатная публикация прекращена.
- Сообщения из немецкого археологического института. Департамент Рима = римские коммуникации (переписка Германского археологического института, Римский отдел, MDAI-RM)
- Сообщения из немецкого археологического института. Департамент Афин = Афинские сообщения (переписка Германского археологического института, Афинское отделение, MDAI-AM)
- Сообщения из немецкого археологического института. Департамент Стамбула = Стамбульские сообщения (переписка Германского археологического института, Стамбульское подразделение, ISTMITT)
- Мадридские сообщения (Мадридская корреспонденция, мм)
- Сообщения из немецкого археологического института. Департамент Каира (переписка Германского археологического института, Каирский отдел, MDAIK)
- С 1930 по 1944 год это было опубликовано в Берлине как послания Германского института египетской древности в Каире (переписка Германского института египетских древности в Каире), и аббревиатура была Mdiaak. [ 23 ]
- Специальный сценарий немецкого археологического института. Департамент Каира (Специальная публикация Германского археологического института, Каирский отдел, SDAIK)
- Специальный сценарий немецкого археологического института. Департамент Рима (Специальная публикация Германского археологического института, Римский отдел, SDAIR)
- Археологические коммуникации из Ирана и Турана (Археологическая переписка из Ирана и Турана , Амит)
- Объявления Baghdader (Corresponence Baghdad, BAM), прекращены.
- Damascus Communications (Damascene Counterence, Dam), прекращена.
- Вклад в общую и сравнительную археологию (вклад в общую и сравнительную археологию, Bava)
- Отчет римско-германской комиссии (доклад Римско-германской комиссии, Берргк)
- Германия. Римско-германская комиссия Немецкого археологического института (Германия: Газета римско-германской комиссии Германии археологического института, Германия)
- Хирон . Сообщения Комиссии по старой истории и эпиграфике Немецкого археологического института (Хирон: Переписка Комиссии по древней истории и эпиграфия немецкого археологического института, Хирон)
- Евразия Антиква. Журнал археологии Евразия (Евразия антиквария: журнал по археологии Евразии, Еварант)
- Журнал восточной археологии (журнал для восточной археологии)
Благотворительное общество
[ редактировать ]Немецкий археологический институт поддерживается в финансовом отношении благотворительной организацией, Теодором Виганд Геселлшафт (TWG).
Примечательные члены
[ редактировать ]- Клаус Шмидт , немецкий археолог и доисториец, который возглавлял раскопки в Гёбекли Тепе с 1996 по 2014 год
- Эстер Банфи , венгерский доисторийский и археолог
- Yevhen Chernenko , Ukrainian archaeologist
- Элизабет Эттлингер , швейцарский археолог римских провинций
- Дель Хейнс , английский классический ученый, археолог и куратор музея
- Николаос Кальтсас , греческий классический археолог
- Юрген Олденштейн , немецкий археолог римских провинций
- Эммануил Коррес , греческий архитектор реставрации и археолог [ 20 ]
- Пол Виттек , австрийский востоковедник, который сформулировал влиятельную османских источников теорию
Смотрите также
[ редактировать ]- Немецкий исторический институт
- Немецкий археологический институт в Афинах
- Projekt Dyabola
- Арам (археологическая база данных)
Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ «Немецкий археологический институт» .
- ^ Немецкий археологический институт архивировал 2011-10-04 на машине Wayback .
- ^ Немецкий археологический институт архивировал 2015-09-07 на машине Wayback .
- ^ Федеральное министерство иностранных дел получено 12: 47GMT 2.10.11
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный "Архививая копия" . Архивировано с оригинала 2018-03-30 . Получено 2023-12-28 .
{{cite web}}: Cs1 Maint: архивная копия как заголовок ( ссылка ) (pdf) - ^ Иностранное управление. «Немецкий археологический институт» (на немецком языке) . Получено 2022-06-12 .
- ^ Немецкий археологический институт на веб -сайте Федерального министерства иностранных дел
- ^ Иностранное управление. « Где культура разрушена, человечество умирает»: Международная конференция для защиты культурного наследия » (на немецком языке) . Получено 2020-11-19 .
- ^ «Спасение культурного наследия (KGR) - механизм быстрой помощи для культурного наследия в кризисных ситуациях» . Архивировано из оригинала 2020-11-28. На Архерте, сети немецкого археологического института, 7 сентября 2020 года (доступ к 20 ноября 2020 года).
- ^ Немецкий археологический институт на веб -сайте Управления иностранных дел
- ^ Немецкий археологический институт архивировал 2011-10-04 на машине Wayback, полученной 12: 38GMT 2.10.11
- ^ Архивировано (дата отсутствует) на dainst.org (ошибка: неизвестный архивный URL)
- ^ График Ханс-Йоахима Герке построен 16: 08GMT 2.10.11
- ^ "Архививая копия" . Архивировано из оригинала 2021-03-05 . Получено 2023-12-28 .
{{cite web}}: CS1 Maint: архивная копия как заголовок ( ссылка ) - ^ Институт классической археологии архивировал 2012-04-15 на машине Wayback. 16: 26 Гмт 2.10.11 [ мертвая ссылка ]
- ^ «Профессор доктор Фридерике Флизинг» . www.geschkult.fu-berlin.de . 27 сентября 2006 г. Получено 22 марта 2021 года .
- ^ Членство Центральной комиссии в соответствии с веб -сайтом DAI .
- ^ Члены Дирекции на веб -сайте DAI .
- ^ «Места контакта» . www.dainst.org . Архивировано из оригинала 17 апреля 2021 года . Получено 22 марта 2021 года .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный "Direktoren" . www.dainst.org/ . Архивировано из оригинала 31 октября 2020 года . Получено 22 марта 2021 года .
- ^ « Публикации дай » . Архивировано с оригинала 2016-06-16.
- ^ " Archäologie Weltweit " . Архивировано с оригинала 2016-06-16.
- ^ Сокращения журналов, сериалов, специализированной литературы, учреждений или терминов для египтологии - аббревиатура M. на KV5.de , доступ 7 августа 2015 года.
Библиография
[ редактировать ]- Михаэлис, Адольф (1879). История немецкого археологического института 1829–1879 гг . Берлин: Ашер.
- Роденвальдт, Герхарт (1929). Археологический институт немецкого рейха 1829–1929 . Берлин: де Грютер.
- Bittel, Kurt (1979), «Департамент Стамбула» , вклад в историю немецкого археологического института с 1929 по 1979 год , Майнц: Филипп фон Заберн, с. 65–91, ISBN 3-8053-0396-3 , архивировано с оригинала в 2023-03-25
- Немецкий археологический институт. История и документы . Мейнц: фон Заберн. 1979–1986.
- Junker, Klaus (1997). Археологический институт немецкого рейха между исследованиями и политикой: с 1929 по 1945 год . Мейнц: фон Заберн. ISBN 3-8053-2339-5 .
- Керер, Николь, изд. Немецкий археологический институт. 190-летняя история = немецкий археологический институт. 190-летняя история . Берлин: немецкий археологический институт.
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]
- Официальный сайт
- Литература по Германскому археологическому институту в национальной библиотеки немецком каталоге
- 100 -летие археологического института Германии Рейха . В: Zeitbilder , 21 апреля 1929 г., с. 2–4.
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