Хуан Ю-Шан
Хуан Ю-Шан | |
|---|---|
 Хуан Юшан на кинофестивале в Сандэнс, штат Колорадо, США. | |
| Рожденный | 1954 (возраст 69–70) |
| Nationality | Taiwanese |
| Occupation(s) | Film director, art critic, short story writer, film critic, university teacher |
Хуан Ю-Шан ( китайский : 黃玉珊 ; Пинин : Хуан Юшан ; родился в 1954 году)-тайваньский режиссер. Она внесла значительный вклад в китайское кино в области эстетики и истории культуры. Ее фокус-точка зрения женщины, и часто бросает вызов статус-кво в том, что было в обществе, где доминировали мужчины. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Ранний период жизни
[ редактировать ]Несмотря на то, что Хуан Ю-Шан родом с острова Пенху, расположенной в Тайванях, штат Тайвань, вырос в Каосюнг, Южный Тайвань. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Ее семья позже переехала в Тайбэй. Ее отец был успешным каллиграфом, который много лет продавал свои работы в Каосиунге. Раннее осознание Хуан Ю-Шан о красоте этого искусства, возможно, повлияло на ее собственное творческое развитие. Среди своей более крупной семьи она считает важным тайваньским скульптором 1930 -х годов. Художественный фильм Юшана Хуанга «История пролива», а также документальный фильм о возвращении бенровки сосредоточен на этом художнике, Чинг-Ченг Хуанг (黃清埕; 1912–1943). [ 6 ]
Early career
[edit]After completing high school, she studied literature at Chengchi University in Mucha, Taipei. In the mid-1970s she worked for Yishu Gia (Artist Magazine) in Taipei, interviewing many painters, but also other artistically significant personalities on this island, such as the novelist and founder of the Cloud Gate Dance Theater, Lin Hwai-min, and the pioneer film director, Lee Hsing. In ca. 1977–79, Huang Yu-shan took an interest in the works of Eisenstein, Alain Resnais, Werner Herzog, Kenji Mizoguchi etc. She counted a number of cinéastes, such as Chien-yeh Huang (a film critic) and Ivan Wang, the editor of the film journal Yinxiang and founder of the Taipei Film Museum (today, the National Film Archives or Film Library) among her friends. And she belonged to a circle that organized private screenings of films such as Kurosawa's Red Beard, then forbidden by the censors of the Kuomintang dictatorship. She also saw works by Rainer Maria Fassbinder, Wim Wenders, F. W. Murnau, Hellmuth Costard, Werner Nekes, Dore O., Werner Schroeter and others at the German Cultural Center in Taipei. At the time, the center had just begun to depart from its routine of simply showing ‘Guten Tag’ movies for learners of the German language, thanks to the encouragement of a friend of Werner Nekes, the German poet and film critic Andreas Weiland who was teaching German and English literature at Tamkang University.[7] These screenings attracted a number of cinéastes in Taipei and may have encouraged independent filmmakers.[8]
In 1978, Huang Yu-shan began reading Pudovkin, Vertov, Eisenstein, André Bazin, Dudley Andrew and others whose writings she obtained in English. After she had worked as script writer for three movies of the film director Lee Hsing (李行) in 1977–1979, she went to study film-making at the University of Iowa and later, transferred to New York. In 1982 she graduated from New York University, having obtained an M.A. in Cinema Studies.[9]
The late 1970s: A time of protest
[edit]The late 1970s were a time for debates but also of protest in Taiwan. Students organized big song events in the Taipei New Park, inviting folk singers considered subversive by the regime. Music cassettes with forbidden songs were distributed on campus. The protests on behalf of the regionalist and socially committed Nativist Literature, that was condemned by the pro-government media, was under way. In this period which preceded her departure to the U.S. in 1979, Huang Yu-shan quietly participated in relevant debates. In view of her South Taiwanese roots, it is clear that Huang Yu-shan objectively shared a closeness to the regionalist culture with the blind old singer of protest songs, Chen Da, with the four Tamsui-based political activists Lee Shuang-tze (李雙澤 pinyin: Li Shuāngzé, a young composer of songs considered subversive by the KMT government), Lee Yuan-chen (李元貞; the founder of Women Awakening), Liang Jingfeng (梁景峰) (who published under the pseudonym Liang Demin in the pro-democracy journal Summer Tide that was suppressed in 1979), and Wang Jinping (scholar and activist) (王津平).[citation needed] And – subjectively – even more with Annette Lu (呂秀蓮 Lu Hsiu-lien pinyin: Lǚ Xiùlián – another pioneer of the women's lib movement in Taiwan), with the progressive Chengchi University teacher and later political activist Wang Tuoh (王拓) and with the Hakka author Chao-cheng Chung (鍾肇政) whose novel Chatianshan zhi ge later on became the basis of one of her feature films. But she herself seems to have shied away from the protest movement. She preferred discussions with pro-democracy dissidents inside the governing party. But she was courageous enough to discuss Lu Xun (魯迅|s鲁迅|) (still a forbidden writer) with young authors and to write an article about the novelist Yang Kui (楊 逵 , 1905–1985), a forerunner of Nativist writers like Chen Yinzhen, and a man whose commitment to social justice had resulted in a dozen short prison sentences during the Japanese occupation and imprisonment for 12 years on Green Island, the KMT regime's concentration camp.[10]
Films and work
[edit]In 1982, Huang Yu-shan returned to Taiwan. Her first film, a documentary about the Taiwanese artist Ju Ming, was completed in the same year. Her early works as a filmmaker were mainly documentaries. Several were focused on Taiwanese artists. If it is convincingly held that the later feature films “strongly identify with Taiwan as a place”,[11] this was already true of her work in the early and mid-1980s. For her, culture and place were inseparable, and it was the specificity of the Taiwanese socio-culture that interested her more and more.[citation needed] A significant example that later on underscored this while expressing her feminist sympathies as well, is her film Women who have changed Taiwan, completed in 1993.
In August 1987, Huang Yu-shan was selected(by whom?) to direct her first feature, Autumn Tempest, which starred the famous Korean actress Kang Su Yeon (姜受延). It brought her a certain measure of fame and also good box office results.[12] She completed Autumn Tempest in 1988, working at the time as a director for the Central Motion Picture Corporation (CMPC), and a second feature film, Twin Bracelets, in 1989 as a director for the Metropolitan Film Corporation (a company associated with the Shaw Brothers’ Film Corporation). This helped her to establish her career as a film director. At the time, the CMPC had already begun to play an important role in the creation of the New Taiwan Cinema. YHuang u-shan's films belong to what became known as the Second New Wave.
It was the atmosphere of New York, and contact with people from the film-makers cooperative that encouraged Huang Yu-shan to become an independent film maker, rather than to rely permanently on the state-controlled Central Motion Picture Corporation. The financial success of Autumn Tempest enabled her to found the B & W Film Studio in 1988 with a group of supporters and thus, she began to do more feature films as well as a number of remarkable documentaries.[13]
Since the 1990s, Huang Yu-shan has directed a number of other noteworthy films, such as Peony Birds, Spring Cactus, The Strait Story, The Song of Cha-tian Mountain, The Forgotten and Southern Night. Some of these films have been shown for several years in the context of such film festivals as the Jeonju International Film Festival (Korea), the Hangzhou Asian Film Festival, the International Women's Film Festival in Seoul, the Winelands film festival (South Africa) and at film festivals in France, the U.S., and Hamburg, Germany. Still, many critics and cinema lovers have not yet discovered her work. A feminist filmmaker in a certain sense, she has championed women's rights and the rights of gays and lesbians.[14] A superficial view of her work may have resulted in her work being labelled, or "typed", as "feminist" or "chick-flick", and resulted in it being overlooked by some. Her horizon is wider than that, and socio-cultural issues, including her sustained insistence on the cultural specificity of the South Taiwanese heritage, remain prominent in her oeuvre. Huang Yu-shan, who explores her Taiwanese roots and especially the socio-cultural contribution of South Taiwan to Chinese culture, sees herself above all as a Chinese film-director. Like many progressives of her generation, she makes it clear that the people of the island of Taiwan and the Chinese motherland will always be important to her.
In media
[edit]The film critic S.L.Wei calls her “a notable woman director who emerged in Taiwan in the late 1980s.”[15] Linzhen Wang values her as “an important figure in Taiwan’s women’s cinema” and “a critical link among different filmmaking movements” that played a role on this island since the 1980s.[2] Chun-chi Wang mentions Edward Yang and Huang Yu-shan in one breath. Yang's A Brighter Summer Day appears noteworthy to her because it “deals with the political history of Taiwan in the ‘60s in an art film style.” Huang is the noteworthy “feminist director” whose film Twin Bracelets was “internationally acclaimed.”[16] Twin Bracelets critiques the suppression of women that women justly revolt against, not only in East Asia, but in many parts of the world.
Feminism
[edit]It cannot be ignored that female critics especially value her contribution, and this perhaps because most if not all of her films “take the narrative point of view of women.”[3] Feminist support and her own focus upon the woman's view may in fact have had a negative effect on her wider recognition. She has been described as "one of the most underrated directors in Chinese-language cinema.”[17] And yet it is true, as the critic S.L. Wei noted in 2011, that “she remains an important voice” whereas, obviously, “her works are long overdue a retrospective.”[15] Offering an alternative to feminist critical discourse and feminist reasons for a positive evaluation of her movies, film critic Prof. Lai (Taipei University) values Huang's work above all for its aesthetic qualities as well as the fact that it is rooted in the history of Taiwan.[18] About her film The Strait Story, Mr. Lai writes: “The film, on the one hand, reflects on Taiwan’s cultural history realistically, and on the other hand, it represents Taiwan’s history poetically. Its employment of poetic visual language does not aim to convey a sense of self-pity but to transcend the historical traumas that this island has experienced.”[19]
In addition to her achievements as a film director, Huang Yu-shan has been instrumental in developing platforms for feminist issues and for independent cinema. Supported by Lee Yuan-chen (李元貞) and other members of the Women Awakening group, she founded Taiwan's Women Make Waves film festival in 1993.[20] And subsequently, she was instrumental in starting the South Taiwan film festival which features works of independent filmmakers from many countries. Apart from working currently as an independent film director, she also teaches film-making at Tainan National University of the Arts.
Filmography
[edit]Documentaries
[edit]Zhu Míng. – English title: Ju Ming. On the Taiwanese artist Zhu Ming – 1982
Sìjì rú chun de Táibei. – [Transl.: Taipei, year round spring] English title: Letters from Taipei – 1983
Miù si. – English title: Muse – 1984
Yángguang huàjia wúxuànsan. – The Paintings of A-Sun – 1984
Shengmìng de xiyuè—chénjiaróng de huìhuà. Joy of Life – The development of a painting – 1986
Xuán qián zhuàn kun de táiwan nüxìng – Women Who Have Changed Taiwan – 1993
Xiao Zhen hé tamen – On Hsiao Chen [=Xiao Zhen] and his ensemble – 1994
Táiwan yìshù dàshiLiào Jìchun. – The Taiwanese artist Liao Jichun – 1996
Haiyàn [Transl.: Swallow]. English title: The Petrel Returns (on the painter Huang Ching-cheng) – 1997
Shìjì nüxìng táiwan dì yi—Xu Shìxián. – On Hsu Shih-hsien – 1999
Shìjì nüxìng táiwan fenghuá---xiu zé lán. – 2003
Zhongzhàozhèng wénxué lù. – Chung Chao-cheng's Literary Path – 2006
Chí dong jìshì [Transl.: Eastern Pond Chronicle]. – The Forgotten: Reflections on Eastern Pond – 2008
Feature films
[edit]Luòshan feng [Chinook] – Autumn Tempest – 1988
Shuang zhuó – Twin Bracelets – 1989
Mudan niao – Peony Birds – 1990
Zhenqíng kuáng ài [Cactus] – Spring Cactus – Alternative English title: Wild Love – 1999
Nánfang jìshì zhi fúshì guangying[Chronicle of the Ukiyo Southern Light] – The Strait Story / Alternative English title: Chronicle of Restoring Light – 2005
Chatianshan zhi ge – The Song of Cha-tian Mountain – 2007
Ye ye [Night night] – Southern Night – 1988
References
[edit]- ^ See the short biographical note by Huang, attached to: Huang Yushan, "Creating and Distributing Films Openly: On the Relation between Women’s Film Festival and Women’s Rights Movement in Taiwan", in: Dossier on the Independent Cinema, Inter Asia,Vol.4, No.1 (print edition; the online version that contained only the introduction to her article no longer exists).
- ^ Jump up to: a b Linzhen Wang, “Chinese Woman’s Cinema”, in: Yingjin Zhang (ed.), A Companion to Chinese Cinema, Malden (Wiley-Blackwell) 2012, p.341.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Huang, Yu-shan and Wang, Chun-chi, “The Films of Huang Yu-Shan” (sub-chapter of their chapter on “Post-Taiwan New Cinema Women Directors and Their Films”, in: Linzhen Wang, Chinese Women’s Cinema, Transnational Contexts. New York (Columbia Univ. Press) 2011, p.140.
- ^ Lingzhen Wang, Chinese Women's Cinema: Transnational Contexts. New York (Columbia Univ. Press) 2011, p.140
- ^ “HUANG Yushan: Jury Member for fiction, HAFF 2011.”(short biography) http://www.douban.com/event/14606044/discussion/41736278/.
- ^ Měi-xuě Líng (凌美雪), “Xiàndài yìshù zuòpǐn shǒu lì Huáng Qīngchéng diāosù zhǐdìng wéi zhòngyào gǔwù” [Ching-cheng Huang’s Sculpture is the first modern art work designated as an important national heritage], in the Taipei daily Liberty Times, March 25, 2009 [print edition].- The article refers to the work titled Study of a Head. Amongst other things it says, “The sculpture titled Study of a Head that was created by the late artist Ching-cheng Huang and that is presently part of the collection of the Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts is the first piece of modern art designated as an important cultural heritage, in accordance with the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act.” Ching-cheng Huang is recognized as one of the early modernists in Taiwan who were influenced by Westernized modern Japanese art as well as reproductions of late 19th century Western art that they saw in Japan. See also the website of the Taiwan National Museum of Fine Arts http://collectionweb.ntmofa.gov.tw/eng98/02_fineworks.aspx.
- ^ See “About Take-Offs and Failures: Thoughts offered in place of an editorial”, in: Street Voice No. 2,[1]
- ^ See: Preface, in: Andreas Weiland, Day for night in Taipei: notes of a cinéaste. [Taipei], [Qi Xing Shan Chubanshe], 1982 [Available at: Aachen University Library [2] Archived 2012-06-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ See: Lingzhen Wang, Chinese Women's Cinema: Transnational Contexts, p.140. See also: Linzhen Wang, “Chinese Woman’s Cinema”, in: Yingjin Zhang (ed.), A Companion to Chinese Cinema, Malden (Wiley-Blackwell) 2012, p.341.
- ^ See:“HUANG Yushan, “A Few Remarks about Yang Kwei”, in: Jietou, Vol. 1, No.1 (1977), pp.70–72. (Jietou, a bi-lingual Chinese and English language journal, was edited by the Chinese-Western Cultural Study Group in Tamshui. Because it featured contributions on Pai Ch’iu and Yang Kui, two writers who had been imprisoned by the regime, it was stopped from appearing subsequent to the publication of its first issue. The study group was dissolved by the political officers based on the Tamkang campus.)
- ^ Huang, Yu-shan and Wang, Chun-chi , “Post-Taiwan New Cinema Women Directors and Their Films”, in: Linzhen Wang, Chinese Women’s Cinema, Transnational Contexts. New York (Columbia Univ. Press) 2011, p.140.
- ^ In a private written statement to the editor of Art in Society, Huang asserts this financial success of “Autumn Tempest”.
- ^ See « Huang Yu-shan. Filmography. (A Selection) », in: Art in Society (ISSN 1618-2154), No. 12, 2011, [3] This site gives detailed information on the founding of the studio. – Linzhen Wang also refers to the “Black and White Film Studio managed by Huang Yu-shan ” but does not give the year it was founded. See: Linzhen Wang, “Chinese Woman’s Cinema”, in: Yingzhen Zhang, opus cit. (2012), p. 340
- ^ Критик и нынешний режиссер на Тайваньском фестивале «Фестиваль волн», Азед Юд, пишет, что в фильмах Хуан Ю-Шан «Сопротивление власти патриархата и обвинение в неравном обращении с женщиной составляет мощную защиту прав женщин. ” Ее статья была первоначально опубликована на китайском языке под названием «Wenxue Bichu xia de Mixing Shenying» (литературные изображения женщин), в: Тайвань Дианинг Биджи [Тайваньский фильм. От Линцхэна Ван, китайского женского кинематографа, транснациональных контекстов. Нью -Йорк (Columbia Univ. Press) 2011, с.152. Полный текст на английском и немецком языке появился в искусстве в обществе, № 12. - ср. Также сайт Kaohsiung Film Archives, который отмечает, что «[I] 1988 года она [Хуанг] начала направлять фильмы, защищающие феминизм с женщинами в качестве ведущих ролей и феминистских проблем как материал». [4] Архивировал 2009-03-29 на машине Wayback .
- ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный С. Луиза Вей, «Женские траектории в китайском и японском кино: хронологический обзор», в: Кейт Э. Тейлор (ред.), Декалог 4: О Восточной Азиатской кинематографии. Брайтон, Великобритания (Wallflower Press) 2011, с.29)
- ^ Чун-Чи Ван, Лесбианс пейзаж Тайваня: История СМИ лесбиянок Тайваня. Ann Arbor Mi (UMI) 2009, с.92 - тенденция видеть перспективу этого фильма как лесбиянка, хотя и широко распространенная на Западе, вероятно, будет оспорена режиссером. Защищая права лесбиянок, ее цель шире.
- ^ См. Правительственный веб-сайт об открытии Тайваньского кинофестиваля 2008: http://www.roc-taiwan.org/za/fp.asp?xitem=70961&ctnode=2122&mp=402 .
- ^ Lai hsien-snung [= pinyin: shen-chon lai], «Chaoyue fushi de yishu guanghua» [Слава трансцендентного искусства] в Taipei Daily Liberty Times, 3 ноября 2005 г. [печатное издание].
- ^ Английский перевод из Линцхэна Ван, китайский женский кинотеатр, транснациональный контекст. Нью -Йорк (Columbia Univ. Press) 2011, с.153.
- ^ Yingjin Zhang (ed.), Компаньон китайского кино, Малден (Wiley-Blackwell) 2012, с.34.
Дальнейшее чтение
[ редактировать ]Эндрю Гроссман, «Лучшая красота с помощью технологий. Китайский транснациональный феминизм и кино страдания », в:« Журнал «Яркие огни», январь 2002 г., выпуск №. 35, [5]
Хуан Ю-Шан, «Открыто создание и распространение фильмов: о связи между женским кинофестивалем и движением за права женщин на Тайване»: Досье о независимом кино, в: Inter Asia, Vol.4, № 1 (печатное издание)
Huang Yu-Shan, Déguó Xīn Diànyǐng Neman New Film (The New German Cinema), Тайбэй (отдел публикаций музея кино) 1986, 336pp.
Хуан, Ю-Шан и Ван Чун-Чи. «Пост-Тайваньские женщины-директора New Cinema» (перевод Робина Виссера и Томаса Морана). В кн.: Лингжэнь Ван (ред.), Китайская женская кинотеатр: транснациональный контекст. Нью -Йорк (издательство Колумбийского университета), 2011, с. 132–153.
Hsien-Scung Lai [= пининин: Шен-хон Лай], «Чайуэ Фуши де Ишу Гуанхуа» [Слава трансцендентного искусства], в: The Liberty Times, 3 ноября 2005 г. [Печатное издание] :::: ::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::
Шен-хон Лай [Сянь-Зунг Лай], «Свечение искусства, которое превосходит плавучий мир. Фильм Хуан Ю-Шан «The Story Story», в: искусство в обществе ( ISSN 1618-2154 ), № 12, [6]
Джин Маркопулос, «Некоторые наблюдения за« весенним кактусом »(Чжэн Цин Куанг Ай)-фильм Хуан Ю-Шан», в: Искусство в обществе ( ISSN 1618-2154 ), № 12 [7]
Кейт Э. Тейлор (ред.), ДеКалог 4: На Восточно -Азиатской режиссеры. Брайтон, Великобритания (Wallflower Press) 2011
Чун-Чи Ван, Лесбиянки Тайваня: История СМИ лесбиянок Тайваня. Ann Arbor MI (UMI) 2009 (Ph.D.Theesis)
Линчжэнь Ван, «Китайский женский кинотеатр», в: Yingjin Zhang (ред.), Компаньон китайского кино, Chichester UK (Blackwell) 2012
Луиза Вэй, «Женские траектории в китайском и японском кинотеатре: хронологический обзор», в: Кейт Э. Тейлор (ред.), Декалог 4: О военно -восточно -азиатских кинематографистах. Брайтон, Великобритания (Wallflower Press) 2011
Андреас Вейланд, «The Story Story», художественный фильм, снятый Хуан Ю-Шан », в: искусство в обществе ( ISSN 1618-2154 ), № 12 [8]
Женщины Право [S] Фонд продвижения (ред.), «Женский статус на Тайване», в: Женский веб -сайт [9]
Азед Ю, «Венксеуэ Бичу Ся де, смешивание Шенин» (литературные изображения женщин), в: Тайвань Дайнинг Биджи [Тайваньские фильмы. Примечания], 8 мая 2004 года.
Azed yu, «Женские фильмы с литературным прикосновением», в: искусство в обществе ( ISSN 1618-2154 ), № 12 [10] Yingjin Zhang (ред.), Компаньон китайского кино, Малден (Wiley-Blackwell) 2012