Юнайтед мы можем
Юнайтед мы можем Юнайтед мы можем | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Аббревиатура | ВВЕРХ |
| Основатель | Пабло Иглесиас ( Podemos ) |
| Основан |
|
| Растворяется | 9 июня 2023 года |
| Объединился в | Лето |
| Штаб -квартира | Мадрид , Принцесса -стрит , 2, 28013 |
| Идеология | Демократический социализм Левый популизм Республиканство [ 1 ] Федерализм |
| Political position | Left-wing to far-left |
| Colours | Purple |
| Slogan | La historia la escribes tú ("History is Written by You") |
| Election symbol | |
 | |
| Website | |
| lasonrisadeunpais | |
Юнайтед мы можем ( Испанский: [Uˈniðas Poˈðmos] ), ранее Calleed Unidos [ 2 ] ( Испанский: [uˈniðos poˈðemos] ), а также известный на английском языке как «Юнайтед», мы могли , был демократическим социалистом [ 3 ] Избирательный альянс, образованный Podemos , United Left и другими левыми [ 4 ] [ 5 ] к крайне левым вечеринкам [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] в мае оспорить испанские всеобщие выборы 2016 года . Официальное предварительное соглашение альянса было объявлено 9 мая 2016 года после недель переговоров. Он был переосмыслен в женской форме своего названия в преддверии испанских выборов в апреле 2019 года . [ 9 ] [ 10 ]
Часть анти-схластической [ 11 ] и антиглобализационные движения , [ 12 ] он выступает за прямую демократию , [ 12 ] федерализм , [ 13 ] и республиканизм в Испании . [ 1 ] После испанских выборов в ноябре 2019 года он сформировал коалиционное правительство с Испанской социалистической партией . [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ]
История
[ редактировать ]Background
[edit]While campaigning for the 2015 Spanish general election, the United Left (IU) promoted the creation of, and later joined, the Now in Common (Ahora en Común, AeC) platform, seeking a wide alliance with other left-wing parties.[17] After Podemos rejected invitations to join to what some members of this party called an "acronym soup", heightened after the failure of Catalunya Sí que es Pot in the 2015 Catalan election,[18] the AeC platform gradually lost momentum: its founding members left the project and the brand name was lost. Eventually, the platform turned into the Popular Unity (IU-UPeC) electoral coalition without having fulfilled its initial aspirations.[19]
Negotiations
[edit]From 20 April 2016, Podemos and Popular Unity were reported to be in negotiations to form a joint electoral list for upcoming general election aimed at relegating the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) into third place.[20][21] Leaders from both parties denied that any agreement had been reached, and stated that they "would not do anything until it [the new election] was sure", but confirmed that unofficial talks had begun.[22] More than one hundred intellectuals and artists, including El Gran Wyoming, Antonia San Juan, Carlos Bardem, Fernando Tejero, and Luis Tosar, signed a manifesto calling for Podemos, IU and their regional alliances to join forces for the coming election.[23] On the other hand, some member parties of IU such as Open Left, led by former IU leader, Gaspar Llamazares, were opposed to the alliance from the beginning.[24]
Among the supporters of such an alliance was one Podemos' founders, Juan Carlos Monedero—who proposed that both parties should come together under the name "Podemos En Común" (Spanish for We Can In Common).[25] Mayor of Barcelona Ada Colau, also voiced her support for such a pact stating "I would see as positive that it could be put together, always with respect",[26] her En Comú Podem regional alliance having already seen both parties working together in Catalonia. Valencian Vice President Mònica Oltra had also commented that she would see a Podemos–IU alliance as "good", so as to "make every vote count" and for "six million votes having a correct translation in deputies", in reference to the Spanish electoral system panning IU in the 2015 election.[27]
By 30 April 2016, both Podemos and IU acknowledged that formal coalition talks had started and that, despite differences over the coalition name and the composition of party lists, with discussions continuing throughout the following week.[28] Concurrently, IU submitted its plan for an alliance with Podemos to a membership vote held on 2–4 May,[29] which received 85% of the vote in favour.[30] Despite the ongoing negotiations on 4 May,[31][32] Podemos and IU leaders took the coalition between both of their parties for granted, setting the People's Party (PP) as their main electoral rival and seeking to marginalise the PSOE.[33] It was reported that both parties intended to formally announce their alliance during the 5th anniversary of the 15-M Movement.[34]
On 9 May 2016, Pablo Iglesias Turrión of Podemos and Alberto Garzón of IU officially announced an alliance between their respective parties,[35][36] with both leaders symbolically sealing their pact through an embrace at Puerta del Sol in Madrid, landmark of the 15-M movement.[37] The pact guaranteed that 1/6 of the candidates obtained by the coalition—as planned and without including the regional coalitions En Comú Podem, En Marea and És el moment—were to be awarded to IU candidates. In addition, the distinct identity of each party was to be preserved. Podemos, IU and Equo put the alliance up to votes from their respective memberships on 10–11 May, all of which overwhelmingly supported the pact.[38][39]
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On 13 May 2016, it was announced that the alliance would be named Unidos Podemos, Spanish for United We Can.[2]
Other incorporations
[edit]Discussions between Podemos and Més per Mallorca (Més) started in the Balearic Islands by late April ahead of a prospective electoral alliance, aiming at forming a "grand coalition of the left" in the islands.[43] Despite initial disagreements over Més's place in the Congress lists, both parties finally reached an agreement on 13 May 2016 to run together in the Balearics under the "Units Podem Més" label (Catalan for United We Can More).[44][45]
Earlier on 11 May 2016, Navarrese party Batzarre—from 2011 within the Izquierda-Ezkerra alliance with IU in Navarre—had voted for joining the Podemos–IU alliance.[46] That same day, For a Fairer World (Por un Mundo más Justo, PUM+J), which had previously participated in left-wing alliances such as Ahora Madrid, had announced its intention to join the alliance with 61% of its members favouring the pact.[47] Also joining the alliance was Zaragoza in Common (ZEC), the municipal alliance created for the 2015 municipal election in the city of Zaragoza and which went on to win the city's government.[48]
2016 general election
[edit]The results of the alliance between Podemos and IU were "highly disappointing" as Pablo Iglesias said the electoral night, however, the alliance itself was called 'the right path'. Unidos Podemos got 71 seats, the same as in December, losing near 1.1 million votes.[citation needed]
2019 general elections
[edit]In the April 2019 Spanish general election, the party lost 29 seats and fell to the 4th place in the Congress of Deputies, below Ciudadanos. In the November 2019 Spanish general election, the party lost 7 more seats, falling in 4th place, this time below Vox. It entered a coalition government with the PSOE.[citation needed]
2019 European Parliament election
[edit]On 26 May 2018, Podemos announced that the name of the coalition for the 2019 European Parliament election in Spain would be Unidas Podemos cambiar Europa ("United We Can Change Europe").[49]
Composition
[edit]| Party | Scope | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| We Can (Podemos) | Nationwide | |||
| Building the Left–Socialist Alternative (CLI–AS) | Dissolved in 2018. | |||
| Popular Unity in Common (UPeC) | Dissolved in 2016. | |||
| Participatory Democracy (Participa) | Left in 2016. | |||
| Equo (Equo) | Left in September 2019. | |||
| Green Alliance (AV) | Formed in June 2021. | |||
| United Left (IU) | ||||
| Communist Party of Spain (PCE) | ||||
| The Dawn. Marxist Organization OM (La Aurora (om)) | ||||
| Republican Left (IR) | ||||
| Open Left (IzAb) | Left in December 2018. | |||
| Feminist Party of Spain (PFE) | Expelled in February 2020. | |||
| Unitarian Candidacy of Workers (CUT) | Andalusia | Joined in 2018. | ||
| Initiative for El Hierro (IpH) | El Hierro | |||
| Assembly (Batzarre) | Navarre | |||
| Upper Aragon in Common (AltoAragón en Común) | Huesca | Formed in March 2018. | ||
| Segoviemos (SGV) | Segovia | Dissolved in December 2016 | ||
| More for Mallorca (Més) | Balearic Islands | Left in 2016. | ||
| Asturian Left (IAS) | Asturias | Left in 2016. | ||
| Castilian Left (IzCa) | Valladolid | Left in 2016. | ||
| Confluences | ||||
| Elkarrekin Podemos | Basque Country | Formed in August 2016. | ||
| In Common We Can (ECP) | Catalonia | |||
| Galicia in Common (GeC) | Galicia | Formed in March 2019. | ||
| En Marea (EM) | Galicia | Expelled in January 2019. | ||
| Valencian style (ALV) | Valencian Community | Dissolved in July 2016. | ||
Ideology
[edit]The alliance is mostly dominated by the left-wing Podemos, but there are also further left factions, mostly arising from the United Left (IU) political coalition. Podemos is the only mainstream party that seriously questions the role of the monarchy and the Spanish constitution as it stands. The founder and former leader of Podemos, Pablo Iglesias Turrión, wants Catalonia to continue as part of Spain, but says his party would respect the will of the 80% of Catalans who want a referendum according to polls. The party has called for the release of jailed Catalan leaders on trial in Spain's Supreme Court.[50] It is a coalition of other leftist parties, but the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) is the only member party that still runs at the national level.[51]
Podemos presented a collaboratively written program for the 2014 European Parliament election in Spain. Some of the most important policies were emphasis on public control, poverty reduction, and social dignity via a basic income for everyone, including lobbying controls and punitive measures against tax avoidance by large corporations and multi-national organizations, as well as promotion of smaller enterprises. It also included revoking or curtailing the Treaty of Lisbon, abandoning the memorandum of understanding, withdrawing from some free-trade area agreements, and promoting referendum on any major constitutional reform. On environmentalism, it advocated reduction of fossil fuel consumption, promotion of public transport and renewable energy initiatives, reduction of industrial cash crop agriculture, and stimulating local food production by small and medium enterprises.[52] The PCE is the main member of the United Left. In its statutes, the PCE defines its goals as "democratically participate in a revolutionary transformation of society and its political structures, overcoming the capitalist system and constructing socialism in the Spanish State, as a contribution to the transition to socialism worldwide, with our goals set in the realization of the emancipating ideal of communism".[53]
In 2021, Unidas Podemos supported a motion by Más País to legalise the recreational use of cannabis in Spain.[54]
Electoral performance
[edit]Cortes Generales
[edit]| Cortes Generales | ||||||||
| Election | Leading candidate | Congress | Senate | Government | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Seats | +/– | |||
| 2016 | Pablo Iglesias | 5,087,538 | 21.15 (#3) | 71 / 350
|
 0[a]
|
16 / 208
|
0[a]
|
Opposition |
| Apr. 2019 | 3,751,145 | 14.32 (#4) | 42 / 350
|
 29
|
0 / 208
|
16
|
Snap election | |
| Nov. 2019 | 3,119,364 | 12.86 (#4) | 35 / 350
|
7
|
0 / 208
|
0
|
Coalition | |
European Parliament
[edit]| European Parliament | |||||
| Election | Leading candidate | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | María Eugenia Rodríguez Palop | 2,258,857 | 10.07 (#4) | 6 / 59
|
5[b]
|
Regional parliaments
[edit]| Region | Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balearic Islands | 2019 | 41,824 | 9.74 (#4) | 6 / 59
|
4
|
Coalition |
| 2023 | 19,632 | 4.40 (#5) | 1 / 59
|
5
|
Opposition | |
| Castile and León | 2022 | 62,138 | 5.11 (#4) | 1 / 81
|
1
|
Opposition |
| Castilla–La Mancha | 2019 | 74,372 | 6.92 (#5) | 0 / 33
|
2
|
No seats |
| 2023 | 44,462 | 4.14 (#4) | 0 / 33
|
|
No seats | |
| Extremadura | 2019 | 44,309 | 7.20 (#4) | 4 / 65
|
2
|
Opposition |
| 2023 | 36,373 | 5.99 (#4) | 4 / 65
|
|
Opposition | |
| La Rioja | 2019 | 10,844 | 6.65 (#4) | 2 / 33
|
2
|
Coalition |
| 2023 | 8,457 | 5.1 (#4) | 2 / 33
|
|
Opposition | |
| Madrid | 2019 | 181,231 | 5.6 (#6) | 7 / 132
|
20
|
Opposition |
| 2021 | 263,871 | 7.24 (#5) | 10 / 136
|
 3
|
Opposition | |
| 2023 | 158,831 | 4.74 (#5) | 0 / 135
|
10
|
No seats | |
| Valencian Community | 2019 | 215,392 | 8.10 (#6) | 8 / 99
|
5
|
Coalition |
| 2023 | 85,571 | 3.55 (#5) | 0 / 99
|
8
|
No seats |
Results timeline
[edit]| Year |  ES |
 EU |
 AN |
 AR |
 AS |
 CN |
 CB |
 CM |
 CL |
 CT |
 CE |
 EX |
 GL |
 IB |
 RI |
 MD |
 ML |
 MC |
 NC |
 PV |
 CV | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 21.2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 19.1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 14.8 | N/A | |
| 2017 | 7.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2018 | 16.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 14.3
|
10.1 | 6.9 | 1.5 | 7.2 | 9.7 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 1.2 | 8.1 | ||||||||||||
| 12.9
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 3.9
|
8.1
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 6.9
|
7.2
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 7.7
|
5.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | N/A | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.1
|
N/A | 6.0
|
4.4
|
5.1
|
4.8
|
N/A | 4.7 | 6.1 | 3.6
| |||||||||
| Year | ES |
EU |
AN |
AR |
AS |
CN |
CB |
CM |
CL |
CT |
CE |
EX |
GL |
IB |
RI |
MD |
ML |
MC |
NC |
PV |
CV | |
|
Bold indicates best result to date. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Symbols
[edit]-
Official logo, 2023–present -
Campaign logo, 2019 European Parliament election -
Official logo, 2019–2023 -
Campaign logo, 2019 general elections -
Ballot logo, November 2019 general election -
Ballot logo, April 2019 general election -
Official logo, 2016–2019 -
Electoral logo, 2016 general election -
Ballot logo, 2016 general election -
Campaign logo, 2016 general election
See also
[edit]
- 2015–2016 Spanish government formation
- Opinion polling for the 2016 Spanish general election
- Opinion polling for the next Spanish general election
Notes
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b Compared to the combined totals for Podemos–ECP–És el moment–En Marea and IU–UPeC in the 2015 general election.
- ^ Compared to the combined totals for IP and Podemos in the 2014 EP election.
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b "Unidas Podemos, primer partido abiertamente republicano que llega al Gobierno y que no es firmante del Pacto Antiterrorista".
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Unidos Podemos, el nombre de la coalición de Podemos e IU". El País (in Spanish). 13 May 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Spain". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
- ^ Wittenberg, Daniel (28 April 2019). "Spain election: Ruling socialist party wins most seats but will need to form coalition". The Independent. Barcelona. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
- ^ Martinez, Marta (30 April 2019). "What are the possible coalitions in Spain after the elections?". Euronews. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
- ^ "Spain's Podemos says no talks on government now, cannot support Sanchez". Reuters. 2019-07-25. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
- ^ "Spain's Socialists, far-left Podemos agree to form govt". France 24. 2019-11-12. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
- ^ "Spain's Socialists and Podemos reach preliminary coalition deal". CNBC. 2019-11-12. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
- ^ "Podemos e IU revalidan su acuerdo para las generales y europeas". El País (in Spanish). 27 February 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
- ^ "Podemos y Equo reeditan su alianza en busca del voto verde y joven". El País (in Spanish). 12 March 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
- ^ Jones, Sam; Burgen, Stephen (25 May 2019). "Spanish socialists aim to consolidate general election win". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Spain". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
- ^ Villarejo, Carlos Jiménez; Jané, Francesc Trillas (11 August 2015). "El federalismo de Podemos". El País.
- ^ "Factbox: Major measures agreed by Spain's new ruling coalition". Reuters. Madrid. 7 January 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
- ^ "Spain adopts legislation to curb sexual assaults and gender violence". Euractiv. 4 March 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
- ^ Keeley, Graham (16 March 2020). "Spain's King Felipe docks father's allowance over Saudi scandal". Al Jazeera. Madrid. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
- ^ "Podemos, IU, Equo and municipal candidacies' members join a citizen platform for the confluence ahead of the general election". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 2015-07-08.
- ^ "Podemos' sectors close the door to the confluence with IU after the 27-S failure". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 2015-09-29.
- ^ "Now in Common changes its name to Popular Unity". El País (in Spanish). 2015-10-22.
- ^ "Podemos and IU finalize a pact to concur together if there is a new election". El Periódico (in Spanish). 2016-04-20.
- ^ "Podemos and IU advance towards a pact to overcome the PSOE on 26-J". La Razón (in Spanish). 2016-04-24.
- ^ "Podemos opens itself to negotiate a statewide agreement with IU". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 2016-04-20.
- ^ "José Sacristán, Coque Malla, Mario Gas and other artists demand IU and Podemos to join for the next election"Полем Эль Мундо (в испанском). 2016-04-2
- ^ «Лламазарес проголосует« нет »за Пакт IU и Podemos:« Дьявол в деталях » » [Llamazares проголосует «нет» в IU, и мы можем согласиться: «дьявол находится в деталях»] (на испанском ) lainformacion.com. 2016-05-09. Арчндд из оригинала 2016-06-19.
- ^ «Monedero настаивает на формуле Podemos en Común и считает, что Гарзон не будет иметь личность IU в том, что просят люди» . eldiario.es (на испанском). 2016-04-21.
- ^ «Колау подталкивает Подемоса работать в коалиции с« Юнайтед -левой » . Эль Мундо (на испанском). 2016-04-12.
- ^ «Ольтра, поддерживающая слияние между Подемосом и IU, чтобы« сделать все голосования » » (на испанском). Europa Press. 2016-04-12.
- ^ «Podemos и IU признают, что у них есть различия по« важным моментам », но обязаны продолжать говорить» . eldiario.es (на испанском). 2016-04-30.
- ^ «Вопрос IU к его членству:« Вы одобряете избирательную коалицию с другими силами Podemos? » . eldiario.es (на испанском). 2016-04-29.
- ^ «Членство IU одобряет избирательную коалицию с Podemos» . El País (на испанском). 2016-05-05.
- ^ «Podemos и IU начинают работать в совместном манифесте» . El País (на испанском). 2016-05-04.
- ^ «Подемос и IU договорились со временем левого договора на 26-й» . Эль Мундо (на испанском). 2016-05-04.
- ^ «Гарзон говорит, что альянс между Podemos и IU может бороться за топ на 26-й» . Публико (на испанском). 2016-05-04.
- ^ «Podemos и IU формализуют свой альянс на 15-м во время первого ралли кампании» . La Razón (на испанском). 2016-05-04.
- ^ «Podemos и IU Seal Alliance, чтобы бежать вместе на выборах» . El País (на испанском). 2016-05-09.
- ^ «Podemos и IU достигают соглашения, чтобы совместно на выборах 26-J» . eldiario.es (на испанском). 2016-05-09.
- ^ Иглесиас и Гарзон объявляют их о договоре через Пуэрта-дель Соль Соль Соль, 15-м " Yaooo naticias. 2016-05-09.
- ^ «IU снова спросит его членство в союзе с Podemos» . eldiario.es (на испанском). 2016-05-07.
- ^ Equo (2016-05-10). «Equo будет оспаривать выборы 26-J в коалиции с Подемосом и Юнайтед-левыми» (по-испански) . Получено 2016-05-16 .
- ^ «Поддержка членства в IU на 87,8% коалиции с подмосами» . Эль Мундо (на испанском). 2016-05-12.
- ^ «Поддержка членства Podemos на 98% союз с IU» . Эль Мундо (на испанском). 2016-05-12.
- ^ «Поддержка членства Equo, оспаривающая 26-J в коалиции с Podemos» . eldiario.es (на испанском). 2016-05-04.
- ^ «Més» приветствует »Podemos, чтобы сформировать великую коалицию левых» (на испанском). Diario de Mallorca. 2016-04-27.
- ^ «Podemos и Més Agare. Список номер 3 будет для Més» (на испанском). ciutat.es. 2016-05-13.
- ^ «Ассамблея Més принимает бег с Podemos на выборах» (на испанском). Diario de Mallorca. 2016-05-13.
- ^ «94% членства в Batzarre поддерживает присоединение к Podemos и IUN» (на испанском). Navarra.com. 2016-05-11.
- ^ «Для более справедливой мировой партии присоединяется к альянсу Podemos - IU» . eldiario.es (на испанском). 2016-05-11.
- ^ «Зарагоса в общем ратифицировании объединения коалиции между Подемосом и Юнайтед -слева» (на испанском). Геральдо. 2016-05-12.
- ^ Маркос, Хосе (26 мая 2018 г.). «Юнайтед мы можем изменить Европу, название европейца кандидатуры церковной партии » . Страна (на испанском) . Получено 26 мая 2018 года .
- ^ ACN, Newsdesk / (2019-04-26). «Фокус на всеобщие выборы: партия Podemos» . Испания на английском языке . Получено 2021-10-25 .
- ^ "ICPS" (PDF) . www.icps.cat (в каталонском языке) . Получено 2021-10-25 .
- ^ «Documento Final Del Programa Colaborativo» [Окончательный документ программы совместной работы] (PDF) . Подемос (на испанском). Май 2014 года. Архивировано из оригинала (PDF) 27 мая 2014 года . Получено 25 октября 2021 года .
- ^ PDF (PDF ). Коммунистическая партия Испании. 30 января 2014 г. с. Архивировано 28 апреля с 1. 16 2018января
- ^ "Каков закон о каннабисе в Испании?" Полем Местный (Испания издание) . 29 апреля 2022 года . Получено 8 сентября 2022 года .