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OTI Festival

OTI Festival
Also known asOTI Song Contest
La OTI
SpanishFestival OTI de la Canción / Gran Premio de la Canción Iberoamericana
PortugueseFestival OTI da Canção / Grande Prêmio da Canção Ibero-Americana
GenreSong contest
Based onEurovision Song Contest
Developed byOrganización de Televisión Iberoamericana
Country of originList of countries
Original languagesSpanish and Portuguese
No. of episodes28 contests
Production
Production locationsHosted by previous winner from 1972 to 1981 (List of host cities)
Production companyOrganización de Televisión Iberoamericana
Original release
Release25 November 1972 (1972-11-25) –
20 May 2000 (2000-05-20)
Related
Festival Mundial de la Canción Latina (1969–1970)

OTI Festival (Spanish: Festival OTI de la Canción / Gran Premio de la Canción Iberoamericana, Portuguese: Festival OTI da Canção / Grande Prêmio da Canção Ibero-Americana), often known simply as La OTI, was an international song competition, organised annually between 1972 and 2000 by the Organización de Televisión Iberoamericana (OTI), featuring participants representing primarily Ibero-American countries. Each participating OTI member broadcaster submitted an original song primarily in Spanish or Portuguese to be performed on live television and transmitted to all OTI broadcasters via satellite.[1] It was preceded by the Festival Mundial de la Canción Latina, held in 1969 and 1970 in Mexico.

The festival was an Ibero-American spin-off of the Eurovision Song Contest. The first edition was held at the Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos auditorium in Madrid on 25 November 1972 and the last one was held on 20 May 2000 in Acapulco. Since then, it has been cancelled due to the questioning of the voting system of the latter contests, the lack of sponsors, the low quality of the entrants and the withdrawal of some of the most iconic countries such as Brazil, Colombia and Spain. Twenty-seven countries have participated at least once in the festival, with Chile, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico and Venezuela participating in all twenty-eight editions.

The main goal of the festival was to generate a process of cultural and artistic fellowship between the Spanish and Portuguese speaking countries. Although it was not as successful as the Eurovision Song Contest, it is its longest running and most successful spin-off to date, leaving a great mark in Latin America by giving many famous artists and hit songs.

Background

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Although the OTI contest was inspired in the Eurovision Song Contest, the festival was preceded by the Festival Mundial de la Canción Latina which was held in Mexico DF in 1969 and 1970.

Participation

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Map of the OTI Festival participating countries by debut year

The broadcasters that were eligible to participate in the OTI Festival needed to be active members of the Ibero-American Television Organisation. These active members were from countries which belonged to the Organization of Ibero-American States.

The participating countries were Spanish or Portuguese speaking countries, have large communities of Spanish or Portuguese speakers within their territory –such as the United States–, or have lingual or cultural ties with Latin American countries –as happened with the Netherlands Antilles–. The entrant songs were performed primarily in Spanish or Portuguese and were accompanied on stage by a full orchestra.

Both state financed and private broadcasters were able to join OTI as full members and in some cases different broadcasters collaborated during the airing of the event –as did the Venezuelan broadcasters Venevisión and RCTV–.

YearsCountry making its debut entry
1972 Spain,  Colombia,  Brazil,  Venezuela,  Panama,  Portugal,  Bolivia,  Chile,  Peru,  Dominican Republic,  Puerto Rico,  Argentina,  Uruguay
1973 Mexico
1974 Netherlands Antilles,  Ecuador,  El Salvador,  United States,  Guatemala,  Honduras,  Nicaragua
1976 Costa Rica
1978 Paraguay
1986 Canada
1989 Aruba
1991 Cuba
1992 Equatorial Guinea

History

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The OTI Song Contest was held for first time on 25 November 1972 at the Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos of Madrid. Thirteen countries took part in the first edition of the event. Spain, Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, Panama, Portugal, Bolivia, Chile, Peru, Uruguay, Argentina, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico were the debuting countries.[2]

After the first edition, the rest of the Ibero-American countries progressively started taking part in the event. The festival expanded even further away from the traditional Ibero-American sphere, to the point that even the United States and the Netherlands Antilles took part in the event. In 1992 the festival reached its record of twenty-five participating countries.

Mexico and Spain were the most successful countries in the history of the competition with six victories each while Argentina won the contest four times. Brazil was the fourth most successful country with three victories.

Hosting

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The Congress Palace of Madrid was the first venue of the OTI Song Contest.

The location of the festival was decided following various criteria. Initially, the winning country would organize and celebrate the contest the following year, but after the victory of Nicaragua in 1977, the country could not host the contest due to the Nicaraguan Revolution. In those years, many participating countries suffered from political and economical instability. For that reason, from that year on, the host city was decided by a bid process organized by OTI.

Spain and Mexico were the countries that hosted the contest the most, with six editions each one. In total, thirteen countries hosted the festival, out of the twenty-five that ever participated.

Editions

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X Edition cancelled
§ The orchestra was specially arranged for this edition
YearDate of FinalCityVenuePresenter(s)Host broadcasterOrchestra
197225 November 1972Spain MadridPalacio de Congresos y ExposicionesTVERTVE Light Music Orchestra
197310 November 1973Brazil Belo HorizontePalácio das Artes [pt]Rede TupiRede Tupi Symphonic Orchestra
197426 October 1974Mexico AcapulcoTeatro Juan Ruiz de Alarcón [es]TelevisaAcapulco Philharmonic Orchestra
197515 November 1975Puerto Rico San JuanTelemundo Studio 2TelemundoTelemundo Symphonic Orchestra
197630 October 1976Mexico AcapulcoTeatro Juan Ruiz de Alarcón
TelevisaAcapulco Philharmonic Orchestra
197712 November 1977Spain MadridCentro Cultural de la Villa de MadridRTVERTVE Light Music Orchestra
19782 December 1978Chile SantiagoTeatro MunicipalPhilharmonic Orchestra of Santiago
19798 December 1979Venezuela CaracasTeatro del Círculo Militar [es]§
198015 November 1980Argentina Buenos AiresTeatro General San MartínCanal 7 ATCOrchestras for OTI 1980–2000 undisclosed
19815 December 1981Mexico Mexico CityAuditorio NacionalRaúl VelascoTelevisa
198227 November 1982Peru LimaColiseo AmautaPanamericana Televisión
198329 October 1983United States Washington, D.C.DAR Constitution Hall
SIN
198410 November 1984Mexico Mexico CityAuditorio NacionalRaúl VelascoTelevisa
198521 September 1985Spain SevilleTeatro Lope de VegaTVE
198615 November 1986Chile SantiagoTeatro Municipal
198724 October 1987Portugal LisbonTeatro São LuizRTP
198819 November 1988Argentina Buenos AiresTeatro Nacional Cervantes
198918 November 1989United States MiamiKnight International Center[a]Univision
19901 December 1990United States Las VegasCaesars Palace
199114 December 1991Mexico AcapulcoCentro de ConvencionesRaúl VelascoTelevisa
19925 December 1992Spain ValenciaTeatro Principal
TVE
19939 October 1993
199415 October 1994
199511 November 1995Paraguay San BernardinoAnfiteatro José Asunción Flores [es]
Canal 13
199614 December 1996Ecuador QuitoTeatro Nacional
199725 October 1997Peru LimaPlaza Mayor
  • Jorge Belevan
  • Claudia Doig
América Televisión
199814 November 1998Costa Rica San JoséTeatro Nacional
199920 November 1999Mexico VeracruzXXTelevisa
200020 May 2000Mexico AcapulcoCentro de ConvencionesTelevisa

There was no OTI Song Contest in 1999 due to floods in the host city. The competition was cancelled in 2001 and beyond.

Voting system

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The voting system to decide the winner of the contest changed over the years. At first, the winner was decided telephonically by five national juries from every participating country. Each jury member voted only for their favorite song and the winner was the song which had more points at the end of the process. In 1977 the number of national jurors per country was changed to three due to the increase of the number of participating countries and to the resultingly much longer show.

From 1982 on, the winner was decided by a professional room jury composed by famous music personalities. One year later, the voting system was changed again in a way that the voting process was secret. Since that year, only the three most voted countries were revealed at the end of the show which often generated scandals and controversies.

Winners

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YearCountrySongSinger(s)Songwriter(s)
1972 Brazil"Diálogo"Claudia Regina & Tobías
1973 Mexico"Qué alegre va María"Imelda Miller [es]Celia Bonfil
1974 Puerto Rico"Hoy canto por cantar"Nydia Caro
1975 Mexico"La felicidad"Gualberto CastroFelipe Gil
1976 Spain"Canta cigarra [es]"María Ostiz [es]María Ostiz
1977 Nicaragua"Quincho Barrilete"Guayo GonzálezCarlos Mejía Godoy
1978 Brazil"El amor... cosa tan rara"Denisse de Kalafe [es]Denisse de Kalafe
1979 Argentina"Cuenta conmigo"Daniel Riolobos [es]
1980 Puerto Rico"Contigo, mujer"Rafael JoséEdnita Nazario
1981 Spain"Latino"Francisco [es]
1982 Venezuela"Puedes contar conmigo"Grupo Unicornio [es]
1983 Brazil"Estrela de papel"Jessé
  • Jessé F. Santos
  • Elifas V. Andreato
1984 Chile"Agualuna"Fernando UbiergoFernando Ubiergo
1985 Mexico"El fandango aquí"Eugenia LeónMarcial Alejandro [es]
1986 United States"Todos"Damaris Carbaugh, Miguel Ángel Guerra [es] & Eduardo FabianiVilma Planas
1987 Venezuela"La felicidad está en un rincón de tu corazón"Alfredo Alejandro
1988 Argentina"Todavía eres mi mujer"Guillermo Guido [es]Carlos Castellón
1989 Mexico"Una canción no es suficiente"AnalíJesús Monarrez
1990"Un bolero"Carlos Cuevas
  • Francisco Curiel
  • Pedro Cárdenas
1991 Argentina"Adónde estás ahora"Claudia Brant
1992 Spain"A dónde voy sin ti"FranciscoChema Purón [es]
1993"Enamorarse"Ana Reverte [es]Alejandro Abad
1994 Argentina"Canción despareja"Claudia CarenzioPocho Lapouble
1995 Spain"Eres mi debilidad"Marcos LlunasAlejandro Abad
1996"Mis manos"Anabel Russ
  • Chema Purón
  • Eduardo Leiva
1997 Mexico"Se diga lo que se diga"Iridián
  • Francisco Curiel
  • José Manuel Fernández
  • Pedro Cárdenas
1998 Chile"Fin de siglo: Es tiempo de inflamarse, deprimirse o transformarse"Florcita MotudaFlorcita Motuda
2000 United States"Mala hierba"Hermanas Chirino

Spanish singer Francisco is the only artist to have won the competition twice (1981 and 1992). Spanish songwriters Alejandro Abad (1993 and 1995) and Chema Purón (1992 and 1996) won the competition twice, as did Mexican songwriters Francisco Curiel and Pedro Cárdenas (1990 and 1997).

By country

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Map of the OTI Song Contest participating countries by number of victories
WinsCountryYears
6 Spain1976, 1981, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996
 Mexico1973, 1975, 1985, 1989, 1990, 1997
4 Argentina1979, 1988, 1991, 1994
3 Brazil1972, 1978, 1983
2 United States1986, 2000
 Puerto Rico1974, 1980
 Chile1984, 1998
 Venezuela1982, 1987
1 Nicaragua1977

Legacy

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Although the OTI Song Contest has not been celebrated since 2000, the festival is still widely remembered in many countries, especially in Mexico, where the festival was always well received by the audience, even when the popularity of the festival was declining.[3] The contest was enormously popular there thanks to the "National OTI contest", which was the national final to select the Mexican entrant for the international OTI Festival. Many famous singers such as Juan Gabriel, Luis Miguel, Lucero, or the girl band Pandora, tried to represent their country in the OTI Festival, but they didn't win the national contest.

Many popular names from Spain took part in the OTI Festival including the band Trigo Limpio, that represented the country in 1977 before representing Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1980. Marcos Llunas won the OTI Festival 1995, two years before representing Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997. Betty Missiego who represented Peru in the OTI Festival 1972, represented Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1979. Other well known Spanish OTI contestants were Marisol, Dyango, Vicky Larraz, and Camilo Sesto.

Many of the names that took part in the OTI Festival for Portugal also represented the country in Eurovision, such as Anabela, Paulo de Carvalho, José Cid, Dora, Dulce Pontes, Adelaide Ferreira, Simone de Oliveira, and Tonicha.

One Eurovision winner has previously participated in the OTI Festival: Dave Benton, who sang for Netherlands Antilles in 1981, won the Eurovision Song Contest 2001 for Estonia, performing the song "Everybody" with Tanel Padar and 2XL.

Return attempts

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As the mark of the OTI Festival in Latin America is still big, some organisations of diverse nature have tried to revive the festival. Some Mexican artists also made public their support to a return to the screens of the OTI Festival.

In March 2011, it was announced by some online newspapers that Televisa was preparing for the relaunch of the event in two stages, the first one, was to revive the "National OTI Contest", the Mexican national final, while the second one would be to revive the international and main OTI Festival. The aim of this attempt to bring to life the festival was to give the opportunity to young performers to show their talent. The festival at the end never took place, but it was neither cancelled.[4]

In June 2016, it was announced the relaunch of OTI as a media organisation. The broadcasting union was renamed as "Organización de Telecomunicaciones de Iberoamerica" (Iberoamerican Telecommunications Organisation) the organisation evolved from being a television contents exchange platform to include members of a broader nature such as newspapers and telephone-internet companies apart from TV and radio channels. This relaunch instantaneously sparked rumors about a possible relaunch of the festival that were later denied.[5]

In 2017 it was announced the start of an organisation called "Organización de Talento Independiente" (Independent Talent Organisation) which in Spanish casually coincides with the acronym "OTI". The main goal of the organisation was to try to recreate the festival between Mexican singers and artists from the Latin community of the United States. Although the festival was not a competition between broadcasters of different participating countries, the competition was held in the Mexican city of Puerto Peñasco, Sonora.[6]

In February 2022, RTVE announced Hispavision, a song festival where Spanish-speaking Latin American countries will take part alongside Brazil and Portugal as invited nations. The project was scheduled to start in 2023 and would be held in Cartagena, Colombia.[7][8]

In 12 July 2022, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) announced its expansion of the Eurovision Song Contest brand to Latin America. The planned contest will be produced by the same producers of other Eurovision spin-offs, including the American Song Contest and the upcoming Eurovision Song Contest Canada. They have begun searching for a viable host city.[9]

Notes

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References

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  1. ^ "Festival de la OTI" (in Spanish). El Diario de Coahuila. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
  2. ^ eurovision-spain.com. "Especial La OTI: El festival de la canción iberoamericana que nació y quiso ser como Eurovisión". www.eurovision-spain.com. Retrieved 2017-12-17.
  3. ^ Pinto, Por: Carolina (April 7, 2014). "¿Quién se acuerda del festival de la canción OTI?".
  4. ^ "Anuncian regreso del Festival OTI - La Razón". La Razón (in Mexican Spanish). 2011-03-22. Retrieved 2017-12-17.
  5. ^ "Festival OTI: Return To Screens as Close as it Has Been in Years - Eurovoix World". Eurovoix World. 2016-06-28. Archived from the original on 2018-08-20. Retrieved 2017-12-17.
  6. ^ "Regresa Festival OTI, será Puerto Peñasco sede oficial". mail.termometroenlinea.com.mx. Retrieved 2017-12-17.
  7. ^ "Tornero anuncia la creación de HISPAVISIÓN en el I Foro Iberoamericano de Servicio Público Audiovisual". RTVE.es. February 16, 2022.
  8. ^ "RTVE impulsa Hispavisión, un Eurovisión que unirá a los países que hablan español". FormulaTV.
  9. ^ "Eurovision Song Contest to launch in Latin America". European Broadcasting Union. July 12, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
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