Старый макинак точечный свет

Старый макинак точечный свет
	Старый Mackinac Point Light в ноябре 2022 года
	Викимедия \| © OpenStreetMap
Расположение	Макино -Сити , Мичиган
Координаты	45 ° 47′15 ″ N 84 ° 43′46 ″ W / 45,78750 ° N 84,72944 ° W
Башня
Сконструировано	1892
Фундамент	Айльно -известняк
Строительство	Кремовый город Кирпич
Высота	50 футов (15 м)
Форма	Цилиндрический " замок " с прикрепленным жилищем
Маркировка	Естественный с черным фонарем
Наследство	National Register of Historic Places listed place
Light
First lit	1892
Deactivated	1957
Focal height	62 feet (19 m)
Lens	Fourth order Fresnel lens
Range	14 nautical miles; 26 kilometres (16 mi)
	Mackinac Point Lighthouse
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	Michigan State Historic Site
	U.S. Coast Guard vintage photo
Location	Michilimackinac State Park, Mackinaw City, Michigan
Area	0.9 acres (0.36 ha)
NRHP reference No.	69000068
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	October 1, 1969
Designated MSHS	April 14, 1972

Old Mackinac Point Light - это деактивированный маяк , расположенный на северной части нижнего полуострова в штате Мичиган США . Маяк является частью государственного парка форта Мичилимакинак в деревне Макино -Сити к востоку от моста Макинак .

Маяк был построен в 1892 году вдоль Макинового пролива на стыке озера Мичиган и озера Гурон . Он был деактивирован в 1957 году и в настоящее время служит музеем. ^{[ 7 ]}^{[ 8 ]}^{[ 9 ]}

История

Подготовка

Еще до появления европейских исследователей проливы Макинак были значительной опасностью для путешественников с водой. Следовательно, перед маяками Оджибва зажег на берег огнем. ^{[ 10 ]}

В начале 19 -го века, когда большое движение судов, увеличиваемое из озера Гурона в пролив, в 1829 году был сделан первый шаг в охране пролива в 1829 году, посредством строительства маяка Буа -Бланка , чтобы обоих направляющих моряков в том, чтобы сделать западные повороты в проливы, и предупредить их о косяках и пятнах, окружающих остров.

Три года спустя, в 1832 году, Конгресс выступил по рекомендации Стивена Плезантона о том, чтобы световой корабль был поставлен на Shoal Waugoshance в качестве первой попытки отметить западный вход в пролив. В 1838 году лейтенант Джеймс Т. Хоманс сообщил, что свет был совершенно неадекватным. Он рекомендовал лучшее решение для WaugoShance, а также чтобы свет был построен на точке к западу от гавани Макино. Ничего не пришло из рекомендаций Хомана. В 1854 году новая администрация маяка решила (против рекомендации местных жителей) пролить свет на точку МакГулпина , примерно в 3 милях (4,8 км) к западу от Олд -Пойнт Макино.

Construction

In 1889, the United States Lighthouse Board realized that Mackinaw Point was a better location. Their first inclination was to put a fog signal there, but when asking Congress for funding, they requested funding for both a fog signal and a first class lighthouse. Congress chose to accept their recommendation, but only voted the funding for a steam-powered fog-signal. The fog signal was built in 1890.^[11] The signal proved to be exceptionally necessary for navigation in the often fog-choked Straits of Mackinac; during one exceptionally humid fortnight, the Old Mackinac Point signal personnel reported burning 52 cords of stove wood in order to keep steam up for the foghorn.^[12]

The lighthouse "grew out of the fog station."^[1]^[13] In March 1891, Congress finally authorized the funding for a light station and the board acted quickly. Bidding was difficult, but in 1892, "on a foundation of ashlar limestone, the tower and attached keeper’s dwelling were both constructed of Cream City brick, trimmed with Indiana Limestone. The double-walled cylindrical tower was laid with an outside diameter of 13 feet 4 inches (4.06 m), and as each course was added, rose to a height of 45 feet (14 m), surmounted by a circular iron gallery and an 8-foot-8-inch (2.64 m) diameter watch room, which was in turn capped by a prefabricated octagonal iron lantern."^[14] The lens is a fourth order Fresnel Lens.

Its light was visible for 14 nautical miles; 26 kilometres (16 mi), which made it "particularly valuable" to the railroad car ferries SS Chief Wawatam and SS Sainte Marie operated between Mackinaw City and St. Ignace.^[4]

Deactivation and preservation

The completion of the Mackinac Bridge in 1957 eliminated the need for the light. Since the Mackinac Bridge has lights on it at night, the bridge became a much better aid to navigation than the light.

In 1960, the lighthouse property was purchased by the Mackinac Island State Park Commission, incorporating it into surrounding Fort Michilimackinac State Park. The Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in November 1969, as Reference #69000068 (listed as: Mackinac Point Lighthouse).^[13]

It is also a registered Michigan Historic Landmark. The Michigan Historical Marker on site states:

Mackinac Point Lighthouse.^[13] The lighthouse complex, including the lightkeeper's quarters and tower, was reopened to the public in 2004 by Mackinac State Historic Parks as part of the Fort Michilimackinac complex. The light's original Fresnel lens is on display. An admission fee is charged.

A state historical marker was erected in 1972. It is Registered Site S0377. The marker states:

"This lighthouse is opposite the turning point for ships making the difficult passage through the Straits of Mackinac, one of the busiest crossroads of the Great Lakes. McGulpin Point Light, two miles to the west, had been established in 1856, but it was not visible from all directions. In 1889 Congress appropriated funds for the construction of a steam-powered fog signal here, which went into operation on November 5, 1890. Construction of the light tower and attached lightkeepers' dwelling began, and the light was first displayed on October 25, 1892. Heavy iron and brass castings were used throughout the structure, and the light was visible to ships sixteen miles away. In operation until 1958, the lighthouse is now a maritime museum."^[15]

In 2000, serious restoration was undertaken, with the intent of restoring it to its appearance around 1910. The lighthouse is reopened to the public, and the castle-style structure, which design is unique in the Great Lakes was restored.^[16] the first floor is fully accessible, and includes period furnishings and accoutrement, plus hands-on exhibits that test one's nighttime navigation skills, light a miniature Fresnel lens, and put on Lighthouse keeper clothing. Historic interpreters lead tours up the tower and into the lantern room.^[4]

Starting in 2018, major exterior and interior masonry restoration was undertaken by National Restoration Inc.

Current status and getting there

Adjacent to the Mackinac Bridge, the park offers a good view of the bridge and boat traffic.^[4]

Admission is through the 1907 Fog Signal Building, which houses the museum store. An admission fee is charged. Pets are welcome.

The tower is open to the public.^[17]

The lighthouse is located within Michilimackinac State Park, just a few hundred feet east of the Mackinac Bridge and the Colonial Michilimackinac Visitors Center. At this time the light is a museum run by Mackinac Parks Commission Archived 2006-08-13 at the Wayback Machine.

Because of its prime location and exposure to tourists, plus its unique picturesque form and color, it is the subject of photographs,^[18] drawings, and needlepoint illustrations. Historical photographs are a prominent feature of the Mackinac Island State Park Commission website.^[19]

An exciting and expensive alternative is to charter a seaplane to make a tour of the Mackinac Straits and environs.^[20]

References

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy, Old Mackinac Point Light.
^ Pepper, Terry. "Database of Tower Heights". Seeing the Light. terrypepper.com. Archived from the original on 2000-09-18. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
^ Pepper, Terry. "Database of Focal Heights". Seeing the Light. terrypepper.com. Archived from the original on 2008-08-30. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Wobser, David. "Old Mackinac Point". Boatnerd.com. Archived from the original on 2013-01-28. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
^ Brisson, Steven (2001) Brief history, Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse, Mackinac Parks Archived 2009-12-22 at the Wayback Machine, Mackinac Island State Park Commission.
^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
^ Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse, official website.
^ Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society Old Mackinac Point (Straits of Mackinac) Light, ARLHS USA-463.
^ Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society, World List of Lights (WLOL).
^ Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse. How Stuff Works.
^ Lighthouse Central, Old Mackinac Point light The Ultimate Guide to East Michigan Lighthouses by Jerry Roach (Publisher: Bugs Publishing LLC - July 2006). ISBN 0-9747977-1-5; ISBN 978-0-9747977-1-7.
^ Roberts, Bruce; Jones, Ray. (September 2002) American Lighthouses, 2nd: A Definitive Guide p. 250 Publisher: Globe Pequot Press 304 pp^{[permanent dead link]} ISBN 1-59223-102-0; ISBN 978-1-59223-102-7; ISBN 978-0-7627-2269-3.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c National Park Service Maritime History Project, Inventory of Historic Lights, Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse. Archived 2006-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
^ Pepper, Terry. "Old Mackinac Point Light". Seeing The Light. terrypepper.com.
^ "Michigan Historical Markers, Old Mackinac Point Light". Archived from the original on 2014-07-17. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
^ Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of the United States: Michigan's Eastern Lower Peninsula". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
^ Old Mackinac Point Light, Detroit News.
^ Light house friends, Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse.
^ «Исторические фотографии старого Mackinac Point Light» . Архивировано из оригинала на 2009-05-24 . Получено 2009-07-11 .
^ Сток, Кейт, гидросамолетный тур по проливам .
^ Старый Mackinac Point Light Press Release. Архивированный 2008-03-04 на The Wayback Machine

Внешние ссылки

[conservancy-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy, Old Mackinac Point Light.

[2] Pepper, Terry. "Database of Tower Heights". Seeing the Light. terrypepper.com. Archived from the original on 2000-09-18. Retrieved 2009-09-12.

[3] Pepper, Terry. "Database of Focal Heights". Seeing the Light. terrypepper.com. Archived from the original on 2008-08-30. Retrieved 2009-09-12.

[Wobser-4] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Wobser, David. "Old Mackinac Point". Boatnerd.com. Archived from the original on 2013-01-28. Retrieved 2009-05-02.

[history-5] Brisson, Steven (2001) Brief history, Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse, Mackinac Parks Archived 2009-12-22 at the Wayback Machine, Mackinac Island State Park Commission.

[nris-6] "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.

[7] Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse, official website.

[8] Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society Old Mackinac Point (Straits of Mackinac) Light, ARLHS USA-463.

[9] Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society, World List of Lights (WLOL).

[10] Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse. How Stuff Works.

[11] Lighthouse Central, Old Mackinac Point light The Ultimate Guide to East Michigan Lighthouses by Jerry Roach (Publisher: Bugs Publishing LLC - July 2006). ISBN 0-9747977-1-5; ISBN 978-0-9747977-1-7.

[12] Roberts, Bruce; Jones, Ray. (September 2002) American Lighthouses, 2nd: A Definitive Guide p. 250 Publisher: Globe Pequot Press 304 pp^{[permanent dead link]} ISBN 1-59223-102-0; ISBN 978-1-59223-102-7; ISBN 978-0-7627-2269-3.

[NPS-13] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c National Park Service Maritime History Project, Inventory of Historic Lights, Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse. Archived 2006-10-06 at the Wayback Machine

[14] Pepper, Terry. "Old Mackinac Point Light". Seeing The Light. terrypepper.com.

[15] "Michigan Historical Markers, Old Mackinac Point Light". Archived from the original on 2014-07-17. Retrieved 2008-04-06.

[16] Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of the United States: Michigan's Eastern Lower Peninsula". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

[17] Old Mackinac Point Light, Detroit News.

[18] Light house friends, Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse.

[19] «Исторические фотографии старого Mackinac Point Light» . Архивировано из оригинала на 2009-05-24 . Получено 2009-07-11 .

[20] Сток, Кейт, гидросамолетный тур по проливам .

[21] Старый Mackinac Point Light Press Release. Архивированный 2008-03-04 на The Wayback Machine

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v Т и Маяки в Мичигане
Main: List of lighthouses in the United States
Northern Upper Peninsula	Au Sable Big Bay Point Copper Harbor Copper Harbor Front Range Crisp Point Eagle Harbor Eagle Harbor Range Lights Eagle River Fourteen Mile Point Grand Island East Channel Grand Island Harbor Rear Range Grand Island North Grand Marais Range Lights Granite Island Gull Rock Huron Island Isle Royale Manitou Island Marquette Breakwater Outer Marquette Harbor Mendota (Bete Grise) Munising Front Range Munising Rear Range Ontonagon Ontonagon Harbor West Breakwater Portage River (Jacobsville) Passage Island Presque Isle Harbor Breakwater Light Rock Harbor Rock of Ages Sand Hills Sand Point Light (Baraga) St. Martin Island Stannard Rock Thunder Bay Island Whitefish Point
Southern Upper Peninsula	DeTour Reef Lansing Shoals Manistique East Breakwater Martin Reef Menominee Pier Minneapolis Shoal Naubinway Island Peninsula Point Poverty Island Sand Point Seul Choix Squaw Island St. Martin Island
St. Mary's River	Frying Pan Island Pipe Island Point Iroquois Round Island Light (St. Mary's River) Six Mile Point Range Rear Winter Point Range Front
Portage River/Ship Canal	Keweenaw Waterway Lower Entrance Keweenaw Waterway Upper Entrance Portage Lake Rouleau Point Range Front and Rear Lights
Straits of Mackinac	Bois Blanc McGulpin Point Old Mackinac Point Round Island Round Island Passage St. Helena Island Wawatam
Western Lower Peninsula	Beaver Island Harbor Beaver Island Head Big Sable Point Cedar River Charlevoix Charlevoix South Pier Frankfort Frankfort South Range Grand Haven North Pierhead Grand Haven South Pierhead Entrance Grand Haven South Pierhead Inner Grand Traverse Grays Reef Holland Harbor Ile Aux Galets Little Sable Point Little Traverse Ludington Manistee Pierhead Manning Memorial Mission Point Mission Point (1933) Muskegon Breakwater Muskegon Pier North Manitou Shoal Pentwater North Pierhead Pentwater South Pierhead Point Betsie Portage Lake South Fox Island South Haven South Manitou Island St. Joseph North Pier Inner St. Joseph North Pier Outer Waugoshance White River White Shoal
Eastern Lower Peninsula	Alpena Caseville Harbor Charity Island Cheboygan Crib Cheboygan River Front Range Detroit River Fort Gratiot Forty Mile Point Fourteen Foot Shoal Gibraltar Gravelly Shoal Harbor Beach Lake St. Clair Mariners Memorial Middle Island Miller Memorial New Presque Isle Old Presque Isle Peche Island Rear Range Poe Reef Pointe aux Barques Port Austin Port Sanilac Saginaw Bay Saginaw River Rear Range Spectacle Reef St. Clair Flats Front and Rear Range Light Sturgeon Point Tawas Point Thunder Bay Island Tri-Centennial Light of Detroit William Livingstone Memorial Windmill Point
Historical (lost) lights	Au Sable North Pierhead Belle Isle Clinton River Ecorse Ecorse Range Rear Gibraltar Grassy Island Grassy Island North Channel Range Lights Grassy Island South Channel Range Lights Grosse Ile North Channel Range Lights Grosse Ile South Channel Range Lights Harwood Point East Range Front Kalamazoo River Mama Juda Mama Juda Range Front Manistee Main Middle Lake George Monroe Pier New Buffalo North Manitou Island Saginaw Bay Sand Beach North Entrance East Squaw Point St. Mary's River Lower Range Front Vidal Shoals Channel Range Front and Rear Lights Windmill Point Range Front and Rear Lights
Related	Lightship Huron List of lifesaving stations in Michigan Wixom Lake, Musselman Island lighthouse

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