Zeriuani
The Zeriuani or Zeruiani was an unknown Slavic tribe mentioned by the 9th-century Bavarian Geographer (BG). It states that the Zeruiani "which is so great a realm that from it, as their tradition relates, all the tribes of the Slavs are sprung and trace their origin". It was the first Latin source to claim that all Slavs have originated from the same homeland.[1]
Quote
[edit]Zeruiani tantum est reguum, ut ex eo cunctae gentes Sclavorum exortae sint, et originem, sicut affirmant, ducant[2]
Zeruiani which is so great a realm that from it, as their tradition relates, all the tribes of the Slavs are sprung and trace their origin[3]
Etymology
[edit]The tribe and its territory has not been identified and localized yet.[4]
While 19th century scholars assumed to have been connected to early Serbs (although they are already mentioned in the same source as Surbi),[2][3][5][6][7][8] Czech anthropologist Lubor Niederle and Polish historian Kazimierz Tymieniecki also considered it as a corruption of either Sarmatians or Severians.[9] Modern Polish scholars like Henryk Łowmiański argued it as a corrupted form of the name of the Severians. It is argued that the connections with the Serbs is impossible because the Northern Serbs lived on other part of Europe which also doesn't fit with the list,[10] and the Serbian ethnonym was never written with the Slavic suffix -jane (-eani), while the tribal name of the Severians was written in both collective Sever and plural Severjane form, etymologically implying Severian tribes. Gerard Labuda considered those tribes arrived from the Lesser Poland and western Ukraine, while Ryszard Kiersnowski assumed the Zeriuani were a relic of a large group which lived along the river Oder, but as there was no recorded tribe with such a name in those parts it also indicates the Ruthenian and Balkan Severians.[11] A more probable etymological derivation of both Zeriuani and Zuierani, although their mutual connection is doubtful,[10] is proposed by Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński and many others, relating them to Cherven Cities and hydronym *Czerwia.[4][12][13] However, based on the location of other tribes and phenomenological reasons, it is also possible to be a corruption of the name of Drevlians.[4]
See also
[edit]- Sporoi, mentioned by Procopius
References
[edit]- ^ Curta, Florin (2019). Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300) (2 Vols). Boston: BRILL. p. 44. ISBN 978-90-04-39519-0. OCLC 1111434007.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Šafařík 1865, p. 29.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Cross 1963, p. 6.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Koncha, S. (2012). "Bavarian Geographer On Slavic Tribes From Ukraine" (PDF). Ukrainian Studies. 12. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv: 15–21.
- ^ Zeuss 1837, p. 615.
- ^ Lelewel 1852, p. 43.
- ^ Persowski 1962, p. 73.
- ^ Palacký 1876, p. 89.
- ^ Lubor Niederle (1923). Manuel de l'antiquité slave ... É. Champion. p. 19.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Henryk Łowmiański, O identyfikacji nazw Geografa bawarskiego, Studia Źródłoznawcze, t. III: 1958, s. 1–22; reed: w: Studia nad dziejami Słowiańszczyzny, Polski i Rusi w wiekach średnich, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza, Poznań 1986, s. 151–181, ISSN 0554-8217
- ^ Witczak 2013, p. 34, 37–43.
- ^ Łuczyński, Michal (2017). ""Geograf Bawarski" — nowe odczytania" ["Bavarian Geographer" — New readings]. Polonica (in Polish). XXXVII (37): 77–78. doi:10.17651/POLON.37.9. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Ляска, В. (2014). "Між Прагою, Києвом та Ґнєзно. Zeriuane/zuireani "географа баварського": до проблеми етнопотестарних структур Волині у ранньому Середньовіччі" [Between Prague, Kyiv and Gniezno. Zeriuane/zuireani of Bavarian geographer: the question of ethnic prestate structures in Volhynia in the early middle ages]. Княжа доба: історія і культура (in Ukrainian) (8): 9–71. doi:10.17651/POLON.37.9. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
Sources
[edit]- Cross, Samuel Hazzard (1963). Slavic civilization through the ages. Russell & Russell. p. 6. ISBN 9780846203223.
- Lelewel, Joachim (1852). Géographie du moyen âge: accompagné datlas et de cartes dans chaque volume. Schletter. p. 43.
- Palacký, František (1876). Dějiny národu českého w Čechách a w Morawě: dle půwodních pramenůw. Nákl. knihkupce F. Tempského. pp. 89–.
- Persowski, Franciszek (1962). Studia nad pograniczem polsko-ruskim w X-XVI wieku. Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. p. 73.
- Šafařík, Pavel Josef (1865). Rozpravy z oboru věd slovanských. Nákladem kněhkupce Bedřicha Tempského. pp. 29–.
- Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz (2013). "Poselstwo ruskie w państwie niemieckim w roku 839: Kulisy śledztwa w świetle danych Geografa Bawarskiego". Slavia Orientalis (in Polish and English). 62 (1): 34, 37–43.
- Zeuss, Johann Caspar (1837). Die Deutschen und die Nachbarstämme. I. J. Lentner. pp. 615–.
Further reading
[edit]- Slavia antiqua: rocznik poświecony starozytnościom słowiańskim. Vol. 48. Wyd. PTPN. 2007. pp. 35–36.
Identyfikacja ta nie jest jednak pewna, gdyż w źródle mamy nie Zeufejriani, lecz Zeriuani, co można odczytać jako Zeruiani, gdyż w czasach powstania Geografa Bawarskiego nie stawiano jeszcze kropki nad literą i. Poza tym źródło to nie zachowało się w oryginale. Ponieważ spółgłoska wargowa -Zamieszała się często w wymowie z również wargowym -v- (a raczej -w-), oddawanym w piśmie za pomocą litery -u-, przeto mamy prawo zapis ten odczytać jako Zerbiani, czyli Serbianie i ...
- Henryk Samsonowicz (2000). Ziemie polskie w X wieku i ich znaczenie w kształtowaniu się nowej mapy Europy. Universitas. p. 100. ISBN 978-83-7052-710-5.
- Ancient Peoples and Places The Slavs. 1971. p. 109.
- Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (1879). Journal. Vol. 8.
- A Handbook of Slavic Studies. 1949. p. 4.
- Gerard Labuda (2002). Fragmenty dziejów Słowiańszczyzny zachodniej. PTPN. ISBN 978-83-7063-337-0.
- Юрий Иванович Минералов (2009). Введение в славянскую филологию. Высшая школа. p. 282. ISBN 9785060058758.
- Kazimierz Tymieniecki; Zygmunt Wojciechowski (1956). Roczniki historyczne. Vol. 22. Pozanskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk. p. 18.