Список млекопитающих Антарктиды

Ниже приведен список местных видов млекопитающих, зарегистрированных в Антарктиде . есть 23 вида млекопитающих В Антарктиде , все из которых являются морскими . Три считаются находящимися под угрозой исчезновения , один уязвим , восемь перечислены как дефицитные данные, а один еще не был оценен. ^{[ 1 ]} Одомашненные виды, такие как ранее присутствующие собаки, ^{[ 2 ]} не включены.

Следующие метки используются для выделения статуса сохранения каждого вида, который оценивается Международным союзом сохранения природы ; те, кто слева здесь используются, те, кто во втором столбце в некоторых других статьях:

БЫВШИЙ	Вымерший	Нет разумных сомнений в том, что последний человек умер.
ВОН ТОТ	Вымер в дикой природе	Известно, чтобы выжить в неволе или в качестве натурализованного населения далеко за пределами его исторического диапазона.
Герметичный	Критически подвержены исчезновению	Этот вид находится в неизбежной опасности вымирания в дикой природе.
В	Находясь под угрозой исчезновения	Вид сталкивается с очень высоким риском вымирания в дикой природе.
Из	Уязвимый	Вид сталкивается с высоким риском вымирания в дикой природе.
Н.д.	Почти угрожает	Вид не считается высоким риском вымирания, но, вероятно, сделает это в будущем.
LC	Наименьшее беспокойство	В настоящее время этот вид не подвергается риску вымирания в дикой природе.
Дд	Данные дефицит	Существует неадекватная информация, чтобы оценить риск вымирания для этого вида.
NE	Не оценивается	Статус сохранения вида не был изучен.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. The southern elephant seal is believed to be the largest carnivoran of all time; bulls typically weigh 2,200 to 4,000 kilograms (4,900 to 8,800 pounds). The lobodontine seals comprise about 80% of the global biomass of pinnipeds, a reflection of the high productivity of the Southern Ocean; all have circumpolar distributions surrounding Antarctica and breed on pack ice or shore-fast ice. Antarctic fur seals and southern elephant seals, in contrast, while doing much of their feeding at the edge of the continent, breed on subantarctic islands, such as South Georgia. Warmblooded prey makes up a significant proportion of the leopard seal's diet, and is occasionally taken by Antarctic fur seals.

Suborder: Caniformia
- Clade Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions and walruses)
  - Family: Otariidae (eared seals)
    - Genus: Arctocephalus
      - Antarctic fur seal, A. gazella LC
  - Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
    - Genus: Mirounga
      - Southern elephant seal, M. leonina LC
    - Tribe Lobodontini (Antarctic seals)
      - Genus: Hydrurga
        Leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx LC
      - Genus: Leptonychotes
        Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddellii LC
      - Genus: Lobodon
        Crabeater seal, Lobodon carcinophaga LC
      - Genus: Ommatophoca
        Ross seal, Ommatophoca rossii LC

Order: Artiodactyla (artiodactyls)

All artiodactyls in Antarctica belong to the infraorder Cetacea, which includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Their closest extant relatives are the hippos, which are artiodactyls, from which cetaceans descended; cetaceans are thus also artiodactyls.

The hunting of baleen whales in the vicinity of Antarctica began around 1904, with the establishment of a whaling station on South Georgia. Hunting of blue whales was banned in 1966, and finally brought under control in the 1970s. By that time the blue whale population had been reduced to 0.15% of its original size.^[3] Whaling for other species in the Southern Hemisphere was banned in 1976.^[4] Numbers have recovered somewhat since, but the largest species remain endangered.

Parvorder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae
  - Genus: Eubalaena
    - Southern right whale, E. australis LC
- Family: Neobalaenidae
  - Genus: Caperea
    - Pygmy right whale, C. marginata LC
- Family: Balaenopteridae
  - Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
    - Genus: Balaenoptera
      - Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC
      - Antarctic minke whale, Balaenoptera bonaerensis NT
      - Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN
        Southern sei whale, B. b. schlegelii
      - Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus EN
        Southern blue whale, B. m. intermedia
      - Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus VU
        Southern fin whale, B. p. quoyi
  - Subfamily: Megapterinae
    - Genus: Megaptera
      - Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC
Parvorder: Odontoceti
- Family: Physeteridae
  - Genus: Physeter
    - Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
- Family: Ziphidae
  - Genus: Berardius
    - Arnoux's beaked whale, Berardius arnuxii DD
  - Genus: Mesoplodon
    - Gray's beaked whale, Mesoplodon grayi DD
  - Genus: Hyperoodon
    - Southern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon planifrons LC
- Superfamily: Delphinoidea
  - Family: Phocoenidae
    - Genus: Phocoena
      - Spectacled porpoise, Phocoena dioptrica LC
  - Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
    - Genus: Cephalorhynchus
      - Commerson's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus commersonii LC
    - Genus: Globicephala
      - Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas LC
    - Genus: Lagenorhynchus
      - Hourglass dolphin, Lagenorhynchus cruciger LC
    - Genus: Orcinus
      - Orca, Orcinus orca DD

Notes

^ The list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
^ William J. Mills (2003). Exploring Polar Frontiers: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 189–192. ISBN 978-1-57607-422-0. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
^ Branch, T. A.; Matsuoka, K.; Miyashita, T. (2004). "Evidence for increases in Antarctic blue whales based on Bayesian modelling". Marine Mammal Science. 20 (4): 726–754. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01190.x.
^ IWC (1995). "Report of the scientific committee". Reports of the International Whaling Commission. 45: 53–221.

References

"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN. 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
"Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.

[1] The list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.

[Mills2003-2] William J. Mills (2003). Exploring Polar Frontiers: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 189–192. ISBN 978-1-57607-422-0. Retrieved 27 February 2013.

[Ant-3] Branch, T. A.; Matsuoka, K.; Miyashita, T. (2004). "Evidence for increases in Antarctic blue whales based on Bayesian modelling". Marine Mammal Science. 20 (4): 726–754. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01190.x.

[IWC90-4] IWC (1995). "Report of the scientific committee". Reports of the International Whaling Commission. 45: 53–221.

[ 1 ]

[ 2 ]

[3]

[4]

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

Order: Artiodactyla (artiodactyls)

See also

Notes

References