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Hyvinkää

Координаты : 60 ° 38′N 024 ° 51′E / 60,633 ° N 24,850 ° E / 60,633; 24.850
(Перенаправлено из Hyvinkaa )
Для других см. Hyvinkää (индамтигация) .

Hyvinkää
Хивинг
Город
Город Хивинкая
Hyfal
Здание Ахджо с 1935 года в Центральном Гивинкаа. Церковь Хайвинкая на заднем плане.
Здание Ахджо с 1935 года в Центральном Гивинкаа. Церковь Хайвинкая на заднем плане.
Флаг Hyvinkää
Флаг
Герб Hyvinkää
Герб
Расположение Hyvinkää в Финляндии
Location of Hyvinkää in Finland
Coordinates: 60°38′N 024°51′E / 60.633°N 24.850°E / 60.633; 24.850
Country Finland
Region Uusimaa
Sub-regionHelsinki sub-region
Metropolitan areaHelsinki metropolitan area
Charter1917
City rights1960
Government
 • Town managerJohanna Luukkonen
Area
 (2018-01-01)[1]
 • Total336.77 km2 (130.03 sq mi)
 • Land322.69 km2 (124.59 sq mi)
 • Water14.14 km2 (5.46 sq mi)
 • Rank229th largest in Finland
Population
 (2023-12-31)[2]
 • Total46,901
 • Rank23rd largest in Finland
 • Density145.34/km2 (376.4/sq mi)
Population by native language
[3]
 • Finnish91.2% (official)
 • Swedish0.9%
 • Others7.8%
Population by age
[4]
 • 0 to 1415.1%
 • 15 to 6462.2%
 • 65 or older22.7%
Time zoneUTC+02:00 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+03:00 (EEST)
ClimateDfc
Websitewww.hyvinkaa.fi/in-english/

Hyvinkää ( Финский: [ˈhyʋińkæː] ⓘ ; Шведский : Хивинг , Финляндия шведская: [ˈhyviŋe] ) - город в Финляндии , расположенный в южной части страны. Hyvinkää расположен в северной части региона Уусимаа . Население Hyvinkää составляет приблизительно 47 000. Это 23 -й самый густонаселенный муниципалитет в Финляндии. Hyvinkää является частью столичного района Хельсинки , в которой примерно 1,58 миллиона жителей.

Hyvinkää расположен примерно в 50 километрах (30 миль) к северу от столицы Хельсинки . Город был предоставлен свой хартией в 1960 году. Муниципалитет делится границей с Риихимаки и Хаусджарви на севере, на востоке , на востоке, Туусула и Нурмиджарви на юге, и Вихти и Лоппи на западе. [ 6 ]

Шоссе , такие как шоссе Таммпер ( E12 ) и Hanko Highway , а также железнодорожные соединения, делают его одним из пригородных пригородных центров столовой области Хельсинки. Городское планирование делало акцент на рекреационных объектах.

Hyvinkää является домом для нескольких известных зданий, в том числе церковь 1961 года и усадьба Kytäjä. Aditioly, Финский железнодорожный музей , расположен в Hyvinkää. Kytäjä Golf расположен в деревне Китаджа в сельской местности Hyvinkää.

Hyvinkää также является домом для Konecranes , который специализируется на производстве и обслуживании кранов, а также лифтов Kone , третьей по величине компании в мире, которая производит, устанавливает и обслуживает лифты и эскалаторы.

History

[edit]
A painstakingly restored British "Neilson and Company" engine, used in Finland from 1869 well into the 1920s, preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum

In the 16th century there was a tavern in the area now known as Hyvinkäänkylä (literally "the village of Hyvinkää"), which lies approximately halfway between Helsinki and Hämeenlinna. It was mentioned the first time in 1495 as Höffinga. The first tax catalogues also marked the existence of some houses in the area around the same time. During the 16th century there was also a mine close to current-day Kytäjä village.

Hyvinkää village gradually grew in the latter half of the 19th century, though it was the construction of the railway network through Finland, beginning in 1861, that marked the starting point for the town's rapid growth. Hyvinkää, who still belonged to the Nurmijärvi parish at that time, resigned in 1917 as its own parishioner.[7]

The construction of Finland's first stretch of railroad, the Helsinki–Hämeenlinna line, determined the location of the present city centre and the railway station of Hyvinkää is one of the few original stations still in use. From Hyvinkää the railway also branches off to the port of Hanko. The Hanko–Hyvinkää Railroad was the first private railroad in Finland, founded in 1862, and acquired by the Finnish State RR Co. in 1875. In the early 20th century, the station village in Hyvinkää was an intermediate stopping point for many emigrants leaving by ship from Hanko for a new life in North America.

The air quality of Hyvinkää was considered healthy due to dense pine forests, and in the 1880s a group of physicians from Helsinki opened a sanatorium for patients seeking rest and recuperation.

Industrialization brought a wool factory to Hyvinkää in 1892 – the Donner family's Hyvinge Yllespinneri. The factory ceased operation in the 1990s, but the red-brick halls still remain. The building has found several new uses, including an exhibition centre and a theater.

Hyvinkää Airfield served as the country's main airport for a short time after the second World War while Helsinki-Malmi Airport was under the control of the Allied Powers. There is now a motorsports centre near the airfield.

Hyvinkää's population grew quickly following the Second World War. It became home to many Finnish Karelian refugees after Karelia was handed out to Soviet Union by the Moscow Peace Treaty. Nowadays Hyvinkää is the sixth biggest town by inhabitants of Uusimaa.

Demographics

[edit]

Population

[edit]

The city of Hyvinkää has 46,901 inhabitants, making it the 23rd most populous municipality in Finland. The city of Hyvinkää is part of the Helsinki metropolitan area, which is the largest urban area in Finland with 1,582,452 inhabitants. In Hyvinkää, 7.9% of the population has a foreign background, which is below the national average.[8]

Population size of Hyvinkää 1990–2020[9]
Year Population
1990
40,194
1995
41,203
2000
42,545
2005
43,848
2010
45,489
2015
46,463
2020
46,576

Languages

[edit]

Population by mother tongue (2023)[8]

  Finnish (91.2%)
  Estonian (1.2%)
  Russian (1.1%)
  Swedish (0.9%)
  Albanian (0.6%)
  Arabic (0.5%)
  Farsi (0.4%)
  Other (4.0%)

Hyvinkää is a monolingual Finnish-speaking municipality. The majority of the population - 42,782 people or 91.2% - speak Finnish as their first language. In Hyvinkää, 438 people, or 0.9% of the population, speak Swedish.[8] 7.8% of the population of Hyvinkää have a mother tongue other than Finnish or Swedish.[8] As English and Swedish are compulsory school subjects, functional bilingualism or trilingualism acquired through language studies is not uncommon.

At least 30 different languages are spoken in Hyvinkää. The most common foreign languages are Estonian (1.2%), Russian (1.1%), Albanian (0.6%) and Arabic (0.5%).[8]

Immigration

[edit]
Population by country of birth (2022)[9]
Nationality Population %
 Finland 43,655 93.3
 Estonia 477 1.0
 Soviet Union 368 0.8
 Sweden 189 0.4
 Yugoslavia 140 0.3
 Syria 134 0.3
 Thailand 126 0.3
 Afghanistan 112 0.2
 India 108 0.2
 Philippines 106 0.2
 China 89 0.2
Other 1,293 2.8

As of 2023, there were 3,709 persons with a migrant background living in Hyvinkää, or 7.9% of the population.[note 1] The number of residents who were born abroad was 3,418, or 7.3% of the population. The number of persons with foreign citizenship living in Hyvinkää was 2,421.[8] Most foreign-born citizens came from Estonia, the former Soviet Union, Sweden and the former Yugoslavia.[9]

The relative share of immigrants in Hyvinkää's population is below the national average. Moreover, the city's new residents are increasingly of foreign origin. This will increase the proportion of foreign residents in the coming years.

Religion

[edit]

In 2023, the Evangelical Lutheran Church was the largest religious group with 62.5% of the population of Hyvinkää. Other religious groups accounted for 2.3% of the population. 35.2% of the population had no religious affiliation.[11]

Politics

[edit]

Results of the 2023 Finnish parliamentary election in Hyvinkää:

Public services

[edit]

Health care

[edit]

There are three health care centers in Hyvinkää. Hyvinkää hospital is one of largest general hospitals in Finland. The emergency unit services 24 hours in day.

Education

[edit]
A student dormitory of the Hyria Vocational School in Hyvinkää[12][13]

There are twenty primary schools in Hyvinkää: Anttila school (grades 1–2), Asema school (and the English classes of Hyvinkää), Hakala school, Hyvinkäänkylä school, Hämeenkatu school, Härkävehmas school (grades 3–9), Kaukas school, Kytäjä school, Martti school, Noppo school, Paavola school, Pohjoispuisto school (grades 7–9), Puolimatka school (grades 1–9), Ridasjärvi school, Svenska skolan i Hyvinge (Grades 1–6), Talvisilta school (Grades 1–2), Tapainlinna school (Grades 1–9), Uusikylä school and Vehkoja school (grades 3–9).

As of 2021 there is only high school in Hyvinkää following the merger of Hyvinkään yhteiskoulun lukio and Hyvinkään Sveitsin lukio.

Transportation

[edit]

Railway

[edit]
Hyvinkää railway station, the oldest building in the city centre.

Hyvinkää is an important railway city, located on the primary rail route in southern Finland. Station building is one of the original Helsinki-Hämeenlinna railway stations in original use. The city is also home to the Finnish Railway Museum and a VR maintenance area. Hyvinkää also has another railway line, the Hyvinkää-Karis railway towards Hanko (founded on 8 October 1873). Passenger traffic between Hyvinkää and Karis ended in September 1983, but the railway is still in use by VR Cargo.

Airfield

[edit]
Main article: Hyvinkää Airfield

Hyvinkää airfield was the main airport of Finland in 1944–1947, when Helsinki-Malmi Airport was in use by the Allied Commission. Finnair used Hyvinkää as a major hub. Finnair's DC-3-pilots trained to fly at Hyvinkää airfield in 1948.[citation needed]

Since the 1950s, the airfield has mainly been in use by general aviation. Aviation clubs including Jukolan Pilotit, Mäntsälän Ilmailukerho and Hyvinkään Ilmailukerho operate from the airfield as of 2020.

Buses

[edit]

The Local bus service is operated by Hyvinkään Liikenne. There are six local bus lines.

Sport

[edit]

Hyvinkää has a large variety of sports. Hyvinkään Tahko plays pesäpallo at men's top league, Superpesis. Hyvinkää Falcons plays american football in nation's second level in both men's and women's league system. Hyvinkään Palloseura or HyPS plays association football in the fourth division in men's and in the fifth division in women's football. Hyvinkää has three men's ice hockey teams of which Hoki Klupi Hyvinkää plays in the fourth division and Hyvinkää Bruins and Hyvinkää Storm in the fifth division. In basketball Hyvinkään Ponteva plays in men's 1st Division B and in women's second division.

Vauhtipuisto, Hyvinkää Speedway track is a motorcycle speedway venue located to the north east of the city in the motor sport complex, adjacent to the Hyvinkaa Airfield. The complex also features a motocross and a race track.[14] The speedway track has held the final of the Finnish Individual Speedway Championship on four occasions in 1992, 2013, 2016 and 2021.[15]

Festivals

[edit]
The modern church of Hyvinkää, Aarno Ruusuvuori 1961.

In the Summer, there is an annual beer festival which attracts rock bands from Scandinavia and about 10,000 visitors.

Notable residents

[edit]
Helene Schjerfbeck

International relations

[edit]
Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Finland

Twin towns – Sister cities

[edit]

Hyvinkää is twinned with:[16]

Projects

[edit]

The educational department takes part in Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 in Finland.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Statistics Finland classifies a person as having a "foreign background" if both parents or the only known parent were born abroad.[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Area of Finnish Municipalities 1.1.2018" (PDF). National Land Survey of Finland. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  2. ^ "Population growth biggest in nearly 70 years". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 26 April 2024. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  3. ^ "Population growth biggest in nearly 70 years". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 26 April 2024. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  4. ^ "Population according to age (1-year) and sex by area and the regional division of each statistical reference year, 2003–2020". StatFin. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b "Luettelo kuntien ja seurakuntien tuloveroprosenteista vuonna 2023". Tax Administration of Finland. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  6. ^ Aino – Suuri Suomen kartasto (in Finnish). Genimap. 2005. pp. 114–115.
  7. ^ Korjus, Olli (2014). Kuusi kuolemaantuomittua. Atena Kustannus Oy. ISBN 978-952-30002-4-7.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Population growth biggest in nearly 70 years". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 26 April 2024. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  9. ^ Jump up to: а беременный в «Количество ораторов иностранного языка выросло почти на 38 000 человек» . Статистика Финляндия. 31 мая 2023 года . Получено 12 сентября 2023 года .
  10. ^ «Люди с иностранным фоном» . Статистика Финляндия. Архивировано из оригинала 5 января 2021 года . Получено 18 сентября 2023 года .
  11. ^ Ключевые цифры по населению по региону, 1990-2023 Статистика Финляндия
  12. ^ Hyria Hyvinkää, Uusimaa 249 (на финском)
  13. ^ О гирии (на английском языке)
  14. ^ "Hyvinkää Vauhtipuisto" . Посетите хорошо . Получено 13 февраля 2024 года .
  15. ^ «Индивидуальный финский чемпионат Speedway» . Speedway Sanomat . Получено 13 февраля 2024 года .
  16. ^ «Города дружбы» (на финском). Город Хивинкая. 7 августа 2019 года . Получено 23 августа 2019 года .
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