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![]() Бахрам видит портреты семи красавиц. Бехад Школа , 1479. Музей Азербайджанской литературы Низами , Баку | |
Original title | Haft Peykar |
Language | Persian |
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Nizami Ganjavi |
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Haft Peter трите : сасанианский Петр ), также известный как Bahramnameh ( بهرامنامه , Книга Бахрама , ссылаясь на император Бахрам V ), является формой одной части его Кхамсы
Первоначальное название в персидском хафте Пейкаре можно перевести буквально как «семь портретов», с фигуративным значением «семь красавиц». Оба перевода имеют смысл, и поэт, несомненно, намеренно эксплуатировал двусмысленность слов. [ нужно разъяснения ] Стихотворение было посвящено правителю Ахмадили в Мараге , Ала-Аал-Дин Корпе Арслан Бин Ак-Сонкоре. [ 1 ] Стихотворение является шедевром эротической литературы , но это также глубоко моралистическая работа. [ 1 ] Считается, что это также вдохновлена более ранней книгой Timurid The Shahnameh . [ 2 ]
Примерно в то время, когда был написан Хафт Пейкар, были различные способы представления и написания персидской лирической поэзии. [ 3 ] Стиль, который мы видим в Haft Peykar, - это эпическая литература, где персонажи меняют настроение и выражают сложные чувства в героических сказках. Здесь герой Низами ищет своего рода духовное удовлетворение. [3]
Story
[edit]Haft Peykar is the story of King Bahram Gur, known for his hunting ability and seven wives.[4] The Haft Peykar consists of seven tales. Bahram sends for seven princesses as his brides, and builds a palace containing seven domes for his brides, each dedicated to one day of the week, governed by the day's planet and bearing its emblematic color. Bahram visits each dome in turn, where he feasts, drinks, enjoys the favors of his brides, and listens to a tale told by each. And not only does each bride represent a color and a story, but a deeper meaning. They each have a region, climes of the world, but also virtues and religious significance.[5] It was even thought that the colors of the brides were stages of love in the Sufi traditions. These stages go from the impurity of black to the purity of white.[6] This is one of the most widely discussed messages from the poem is the relationship between a sacred and a profane love. It is believed the Haft Peykar teaches about a pure love in a perspective of needing versus giving.[6]
Day | Planet | Color of the dome | Land of the princess | Name | Story |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Saturday | Saturn | Black | India | Furak | The Unfulfilled Love |
Sunday | Sun | Yellow | Turkestan | Yaghma Naz | The King who did not want to marry |
Monday | Moon | Green | Khwarazm | Naz Pari | The Lovesick Bishr |
Tuesday | Mars | Red | Saqaliba | Nasrin-Nush | Turandot's Riddles |
Wednesday | Mercury | Turquoise | Maghreb | Azarbin (Azar-Gun) | Mahan and the Madman |
Thursday | Jupiter | Sandal | Rûm | Humay | Good and Evil |
Friday | Venus | White | Iran | Diroste | Tribulations of the Lovers |
Editions and translations
[edit]A critical edition of the Haft Peykar was produced by Helmut Ritter and Jan Rypka (Prague, printed Istanbul, 1934) on the basis of fifteen manuscripts of Khamsa and the Bombay lithograph. There is also an uncritical edition by Wahid Dastgerdi (Tehran, 1936 and reprints) and an edition by Barat Zanjani (Tehran, 1994).[1] More recently, the poem was re-edited by the Azerbaijani scholar T. A. Maharramov (Moscow, 1987).
A poetic German translation of a passage from the poem named Bahram Gur and Russian princess by orientalist Franz Erdmann was published in 1832 in Kazan.[7]
There are three complete translations in western European languages from the original Persian language. First, in 1924 Charles Edward Wilson translated the poem to English in two volumes with extensive notes.[8] Wilson's translation was a "literal translation". His use of literal translation of Haft Peykar resulted in an incorrect translation and many missing parts of the story.[9] Second, Alessandro Bausani in 1967 translated it to Italian. Finally, there is an English version by Julie Scott Meisami, published in 1967.[10] This translation was a rhymed version that included explanations to help the readers understand the more hidden and allusive meanings of the text.[9] This English translation was very popular. There is also an English metatranslation[clarification needed] by E. Mattin and G. Hill (Oxford, 1976).[1] A partial translation was also made by Rudolf Gelpke in German prose (Zurich, 1959). There is a complete poetic translation in Azerbaijani by Məmməd Rahim (Baku, 1946). There are three complete translations in Russian: a poetic translation by Ryurik Ivnev (Baku, 1947), a poetic translation by Vladimir Derzhavin (Moscow, 1959), and a prose translation by Rustam Aliyev (Baku, 1983).
Cultural influence
[edit]The story of the Seven Beauties presented an allegorical story with a religious significance. Religious symbolism in paintings or illustrations was not widely accepted.[5] At the time, it was common for manuscripts to not be outwardly religious because there was no official religious iconography adopted in Islam, so it is believed Nizami hid the moral and divine messaging in a narrative.[5] This may be thought of as a way that the poem and its illustrations changed the reading of manuscripts.
In the early 1940s, to mark the 800th anniversary of Nizami Ganjavi,[11] Azerbaijani composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov planned to write seven songs for the seven beauties of the poem. However, he only wrote two songs: "Sensiz" ("Without You", 1941) and "Sevgili Janan" ("Beloved", 1943).[11]
In 1952 Azerbaijani composer Gara Garayev composed the ballet Seven Beauties based on motifs of Nizami Ganjavi's Seven beauties.
In 1959, a fountain with a bronze sculpture "Bahram Gur" depicting the hero of the poem killing serpentine dragon at his feet was erected in Baku.[12] This statue references the ancient Iranian narrative of the deity Bahram slaying the evil serpent.
In 1979[13] the Nizami Gəncəvi subway station in Baku was decorated by Azerbaijani painter Mikayil Abdullayev with mosaic murals based on the works of Nizami.[14] Three of these murals depict heroes of the Seven Beauties poem.
The opera Turandot by Giacomo Puccini is based on the story of Tuesday, being told to King Bahram by his companion of the red dome, associated with Mars.[15]

Art style
[edit]When the manuscript was first created, Nizami used a style of art commonly used for this time. There were often delicately drawn center figures, with no background.[16] This would emphasize the main characters in the scene. In a way, he coordinated the color palette of the page to what was going on in the scene. An example would be a simple brown color palette for guards in pavilion scenes where they do not seem attentive at all. [16] Since its creation, along with different translations, there have been a variety of art styles used to recreate the famous poem.

Gallery
[edit]-
Bahram Gur Visits the Dome of Piruza on Wednesday. Page from the Haft Paykar from a manuscript of Nizami. Brooklyn Museum.
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King Bahram Gur with the Iranian princess in her white pavilion. [17]
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King Bahram Gur is hunting.[18]
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Текст стихотворения, который сопровождает иллюстрацию охоты на Бахрам Гур.
Смотрите также
[ редактировать ]Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в дюймовый "Haft Peykar" в Encyclopeiia Iranica
- ^ Грей, Василий (1961). Персидские картины . Нью -Йорк: Skira. С. 89, 94, 113, 115, 118, 133, 248. ISBN 9780847800803 .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Grabar, Oleg (2000). В основном миниатюры: введение в персидскую живопись . Нью -Джерси: издательство Принстонского университета. С. 104–105. ISBN 0691049416 .
- ^ Титли, Нора М. (1984). Персидская миниатюрная живопись и ее влияние на искусство Турции и Индии . Остин, Техас: Университет Техасской прессы. стр. 130, 255. ISBN 0292764847 .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в Симс, Элеонора; Маршак, Би; Grube, Ernst J. (2002). Безные образы: персидская живопись и ее источники . Коннектикут: издательство Йельского университета. С. 89, 94, 115, 118, 133, 248. ISBN 0300090382 .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Крест, Кэмерон (2016-06-30). «Многие цвета любви в Ниами« Хафт Пейкар »:« За пределами спектра » . Интерфейсы: журнал средневековой европейской литературы (2): 52–96. doi : 10.13130/interfaces-7663 . ISSN 2421-5503 .
- ^ Крымский А. Е.. Низами и его изучение // Выдающиеся русские учёные и писатели о Низами Гянджеви / Составитель, автор предисловия и редактор Рустам Алиев. — Б.: Язычы, 1981. P. 259
- ^ Низами из Ганджи, Хафт Пайкар (Семь красавиц), содержащий жизнь и приключения короля Бахрама Гура и семи историй, рассказанные ему его семерыми королевами , пер. Чарльз Эдвард Уилсон (Лондон: Probsthain, 1924).
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный 1. estab 2. Safari, принцев История Библиотечные методы
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 Maint: числовые имена: список авторов ( ссылка ) - ^ Низами, Haft Paykar: средневековый персидский роман , транс. Джули Скотт Мейсами (Хакетт, 2015), ISBN 9781624664304 .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Safarova Z. Узеир Хаджибеков. - Баку: 20085. - С. 61.
- ^ Эфендизаде Р. М.. Архитектура Советского Азербайджана. — М.: Стройиздат, 1986. — P. 108.
- ^ Абдуллаев Микаил Гусейн оглы // 225 лет Академии художеств СССР. Каталог выставки. — Изобразительное искусство, 1985. — V. II. — P. 6.
- ^ Эфендизаде Р. М. Архитектура Советского Азербайджана. — М.: Стройиздат, 1986. — P. 289.
- ^ Низами (21 августа 2015 г.). Хафт Пейкар: средневековый персидский роман . Hackett Publishing Company, Incorporated. п. XVIII. ISBN 978-1-62466-446-5 .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Хилленбранд, Роберт; Робинсон, BW (2000). Персидская живопись: от монголов до каджаров . Лондон п. 46. ISBN 1850436592 .
{{cite book}}
: CS1 Maint: местоположение отсутствует издатель ( ссылка ) - ^ «12 Teucros в Haft Paykar в Низами» , ключ к сокровию Hakim , издательство Амстердамского университета, с. 245–252, 2011-12-31, ISBN 978-94-006-0014-0 Получено 2024-05-09
- ^ «12 Teucros в Haft Paykar в Низами» , ключ к сокровию Hakim , издательство Амстердамского университета, с. 245–252, 2011-12-31, ISBN 978-94-006-0014-0 Получено 2024-05-09