Halligen Frisian
| Hallingen Frisian | |
|---|---|
| Halifreesk | |
| Native to | Germany |
| Region | Halligen islands |
Native speakers | 40 (1972) [1] |
Indo-European
| |
Early form | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | hall1241 |
 North Frisian dialects | |
Halligen Frisian (North Frisian: Halifreesk) is the dialect of the North Frisian language spoken on the Halligen islands, primarily Langeneß and Hooge, in the German region of North Frisia. The dialect has survived despite the islands' being home to less than 300 people and unprotected by dikes, mandating evacuations during storms. However, it is now in danger of extinction.[2] Although it is spoken on islands, it is considered part of the Mainland North Frisian dialects as opposed to the Insular North Frisian Dialects, due to its linguistic features.[3]
Grammar[edit]
Verbs[edit]
Below are six commonly used verbs in Halligen Frisian:
| Be | Have | Become | Want | Shall | Can | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | weese | heewe | warde | wal | skal or schal | kun |
| past participle | wään | heet | wuden | weelt | sköölt or schöölt | kut |
| person | present | |||||
| 1sg | bän | hääw | ward | wal | skal or schal | koon |
| 2sg | bäst | hääst | warst | wääl or wäät | skääl or schäät | koonst |
| 3sg | is | heet | ward | wal | skal or schal | koon |
| plural | sän | heewe | warde | win | skin or schin | kun |
| person | past | |||||
| 1 & 3sg | waos | hee | wud | weel | skööl or schööl | ku |
| 2sg | weerst | heest | wudst | weest | skööst or schööst | kust |
| pl | weern | heen | wuden | ween | sköön or schöön | kun |
- The future tense is formed with the verbs wal or skal.
- The perfect tense is formed with either hääw or weese.
References[edit]
- ^ Jens Lorenzen: Halligfriesisches Lesebuch S. 147-151
- ^ Walker, Alastair G.H. (2001). "Extent and position of North Frisian". In Horst H. Munske (ed.). Handbuch des Friesischen – Handbook of Frisian Studies (in German and English). Tübingen: Niemeyer. pp. 263–283. ISBN 3-484-73048-X.
- ^ Walker, Alastair G.H.; Wilts, Ommo (2001). "Die nordfriesischen Mundarten". In Horst H. Munske (ed.). Handbuch des Friesischen – Handbook of Frisian Studies (in German and English). Tübingen: Niemeyer. pp. 284–3004. ISBN 3-484-73048-X.
Further reading[edit]
- Jens Lorenzen Deutsch-Halligfriesisch: Ein Wörterbuch / Tutsk-Freesk: En Üürdeböök: 6000 Vokabeln Halligfriesisch mit Texten aus dem 17. bis 20. Jahrhundert, Bräist/Bredstedt: Nordfriisk Instituut, 1977 (in German and Halligen Frisian) ISBN 3-88007-059-8.
- Jens Lorenzen: Halligfriesische Sprachlehre. Nordfriisk Instituut, Bräist/Bredstedt 1982. ISBN 3-88007-117-9.
- Ommo Wilts (ed.) Friesische Formenlehre in Tabellen VII: Halligen, Husum: Matthiesen Verlag, 1997 ISBN 3-7868-0513-X.
- Jens Lorenzen: Halligfriesisches Lesebuch = Halifreesk Leeseböök : friesisch-deutsch ; 35 halligfriesische Texte mit gegenübergestellter deutscher Übersetzung. Nordfriisk Instistuut, Bredstedt 1981. ISBN 3-88007-107-1.
- Jens Lorenzen: Nai hali-leedeböök : 25 freeske leede än 10 koraole. Noordfriisk Instituut, Bräist 1979. ISBN 3-88007-081-4
- Halli-Ledebök. Nordfriesische Rundschau, Niebüll 1925
- Bandix Friedrich Bonken: Lidjan unt Ömrang-and Halleg-Fresk. Jensen, Breklum 1914
External links[edit]
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